• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2017

To investigate the effect of Corni Fructus(CF) water extracts on the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, organ bath studies, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used and obtained the following results. In the organ bath study, the maximal contraction of the corpus cavernosum tissue by PE showed a significant relaxation effect at $3.0mg/m{\ell}$ of CF water extract. When ${\text\tiny{L}}$-NNA was pretreated corpuscular relaxation effect of CF water extract was significantly inhibited compared without ${\text\tiny{L}}$-NNA pretreatment. In $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, the increase of contraction due to $Ca^{2+}$ influx significantly inhibited in the pretreatment compared with no pretreatment of CF water extract. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fiber was increased in the CF group compared to the PE group in the corpus cavernosum, and the eNOS positive reaction increased and the PDE5 positive reaction decreased. These results suggest that CF extract has increased NO production through activation of eNOS and inhibited the action of PDE5 to block the extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx, thereby relaxing the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the effects of Shingi-whan(SG) on the male reproductive and sexual function, so we measured the spermatogenesis and the testicular toxicity in mice and the vasorelaxation in isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Methods : To evaluate effect on the spermatogenesis in mice, we prepared two groups, control group and SG group that was orally administered SG(1,000mg/kg) for 20 days, and compared. To analyze testicular toxicity in mice, we also prepared two groups, doxo group that was injected with doxorubicin (3mg/kg) on three times and doxo + SG group that was injected with doxorubicin and SG for 20 days, and compared. To investigate sexual function of SG in mice, we prepared three groups, normal group and aging elicited group consisting of 18-month-old mice, SG treated aging group that was orally administered SG for 60 days, and compared using histochemical staining on mice corpus cavernous tissues. In order to define the relaxation effects of SG, rabbit corpus cavernous tissues were prepared in $2{\times}2{\times}6mm$ sized strip. Then the dose-dependent relaxation responses of SG at 0.01-3.0 mg/ml in contracted strips induced by phenylephrine were measured. Results : The sperm density in dutus epididymis and the diameter of seminiferous tubules of SG group was significantly increased when compared to control group. The testicular weight and the diameter and height of epithelial layer of seminiferous tubules of doxo + SG group was significantly increased when compared to doxo group. The cavernous strips were significantly relaxed by SG extract In SG treated aging group, ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers and red blood cell count in venous sinus was increased as compared to aging elicited group. Conclusions : Our findings have shown that SG extract have effect on spermatogenesis and mitigating effect on doxo-induced testicular toxicity. Further, it also have the vasorelaxant effect on rabbit corpus cavernosum.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

This report evaluated the convenience and accessibility of a penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency of a calf using a tilt-up mobile compared with that of dorsal recumbency on the ground of a barn. One nine-month-old F-1 (Korean native sire x Holstein dam) calf was sedated with xylazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in the right lateral recumbency position on a tilt-up restraint mobile (90 cm high), whereas the other nine-month-old Korean native calf was administered xylazine (0.3 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in dorsal recumbency position on the ground of a barn, with assistance by one person. For the two calves, lidocaine was administered subcutaneously from the preputial orifice to the S-shaped penis. The preputial orifice was incised, and the preputial sheath and penis were separated bluntly, then laterally translocated to the site toward the left flank at a $40^{\circ}$ angle. Anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) and antibiotics (penicillin) were administered following the surgery. The duration of surgery was 30 min shorter in the calf that received the surgery in lateral recumbency using the tilt-up mobile with operator's standing posture (60 min) than the one that underwent surgery in dorsal recumbency on the ground with operator's bending posture (90 min). One week after the surgery, the operation area, including the translocated preputial orifice, was healed without complications in both cases. The results detailed in this report demonstrate that penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency position using a tilt-up mobile might be used conveniently in calves due to the convenience of restraint, reduced surgery time, and reduced physical inconvenience for the surgeon.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Oja-Shingiwhan(OS) in contracted corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and its mechanism. To evaluate the relaxation of OS in contracted corpus cavernosum, OS was treated in strips which were precontracted with phenylephrine(PE). To examine its mechanism, OS was treated into corporal strips contracted by PE after pretreatment of Nω-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) and compared with non-pretreatment of _L-NNA. In calcium chloride(Ca²⁺)-free krebs solution, Ca²⁺ 1 mM was treated into corporal strips contracted by PE after pretreatment of OS and compared with non-pretreatment of OS. action were measured by histochemical, immunohistochemical methods. OS significantly affected on the relaxation of corporal strips, and the relaxation effects were inhibited by pretreatment of L-NNA. Contractions induced by Ca²⁺ influx were inhibited by pretreatment of OS in Ca²⁺-free krebs solution. OS increased eNOS positive reaction in corpus cavernosum, but decreased PDE-5 positive reaction. These result suggest that the effect of OS in contracted corpus cavernosum smooth muscle are shown by suppressing extracellular Ca²⁺ influx and increase of eNOS, NO production and decrease of PDE-5.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.599-605
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• 1996

This study was designed to examine the mechanism of penile erection in adult bull by analyzing the responses of bovine proximal retractor penile muscle strips(BRP) to electtical field stimulation(EFS), exogenous nitric oxide(NO), NO synthesis precursor(L-arginine), NO synthase inhibitors(L-NAME, L-NMMA), guanylate cyclase inhibitor(methylene blue) and nonspecific potassium channel blocker(tetraethylammonium, TEA) treatments. Isometric tension of BRP was measured using physiograph. Results were summarized as follows: 1. EFS of nonadrenergic noncholinrgic(NANC) nerve in BRP produced frequency-dependent inhibitory responses to the contraction induced by co-treatment of epinephrine, guanethidine and atropine. The inhibitory responses to EFS were blocked by tetrodotoxin(TTX, $1{\mu}M$). 2. Treatment of L-NAME ($10,\;20{\mu}M$) inhibited the relaxation to EFS whereas L-NMMA ($100{\mu}M$) had no effect. 3. Treatment of NO($20,\;40{\mu}M$; as an acidified solution of $NaNO_2$) induced concentration-dependent relaxation whereas preincubation of TTX($1{\mu}M$) and L-NAME($20{\mu}M$) had no effect on the relaxation response. 4. L-arginine treatment(10mM) blocked the inhibitory effect of L-NAME($20{\mu}M$). 5. Pretreatment of methylene blue($40{\mu}M$) reduced the NANC-induced relaxation of BRP. 6. Tetraethylammonium(TEA, 80mM) reduced NANC relaxation. These results suggest that NO may act as a NANC neurotransmitter in BRP and the effects might be mediated by cGMP and potassium channel.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1989

Yasculogenic impotence is produced by abnormalities of vascular blood supply or drainage, and is the most common cause of various organic impotences. An increasing awareness of vascular causes of impotence has resulted from development of various diagnostic tests, but precise measurement of penile blood flow is difficult. Radionuclide penogram has been introduced recently to diagnose vasculogenic impotence. Forty-one impotent patients and 12 normal men were studied with radionuclide erection penogram using Tc-99m pertechnetate and an intracavernous injection of papaverine. We defined arteriogenic impotence as arterial index less than 0.66, and venogenic impotence as venous index greater than 0.09. By this criteria, the false positive ratio in normal men was 17%, and the false negative ratio in radically cystectomized patients was 0%. Side effects were small purpura of the penile shaft and dull pain during injection of papaverine. The radionuclide erection penogram was noninvasive and gave a dynamic evaluation of the arterial supply, venous drainage, and blood flow in the corporeal bodies. This method should be considered as a valuable adjunct to evaluate patients with vasculogenic impotence.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2002

As the defects of the penis caused by trauma, surgical amputation, or congenital abnormality give the patients both psychological trauma and functional impairment, reconstruction of the penis is mandatory. Radial forearm free flap is reliable one-stage procedure, which can reconstruct both the phallus and the urethra. Chang and Whang's adaptation of the "tube-in-a-tube" concept and its incorporation into a free flap design represented a major advance in microsurgical phallic construction. Biemer described a modification of the radial forearm flap design in which the neourethra was centered over the radial artery, but the phallic shaft was separated into two paraurethral swatches. The authors have performed one-stage penile reconstruction in two patients since 1998, using a radial forearm free flap. Our present design incorporates the original Biemer triple skin island and includes a fourth distal island for neoglans. One case was the amputation of the penis from felonious assault and the other case was the iatrogenic penile amputation from repetitive urologic surgery for congenital hypospadia. All patients showed aesthetically acceptable results and good tactile sensory recovery. Severe complications such as necrosis, fistula, or urethral stricture were not occurred. Biemer's method modified by the authors is reliable one-stage penile reconstruction providing good aesthetic and functional results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.680-684
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate effects of KH-304 in improving erectile dysfunction (ED), particularly in terms of nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathways. After oral administration of the KH-304 water extract, 1OOmg, 300mg, 500mg or 700mg per 1 kg of Dody weigh for 10days, We examined the expression and activity of two enzyme: neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and that act upon the major NO-cGMP signaling pathway in penile tissue. Effect of KH-304 on COMP degradation was also examined using bovine vascular smooth muscle cells pretreated with an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), Also, it examined the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) for seaching effecting period (100mg, 300mg/kg for 10 and 30days) and peak intracavernous pressures (ICPS) in penile tissues rabbit copus cavernosum contracted by 10-6 M phenylephrine. The severely reduced peak intracavernous pressures (ICPS) in penile tissues were restored completely after KH-304 treatment, and KH-304 treatment significantly made the latency period earlier. Furthermore, the penile expression levels of nNOS, eNOS dependent NOS activities and COMP concentrations were increased significantly in the KH-304 100, 300mg treated rats. These results suggest that KH-304 with high expression of NOS may be useful in erectile dysfunction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.260-264
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• 1981

어선에서 발생되는 수중소음을 측정하기 위하여 선미식 트롤어선인 새바다호가 수심 100m인 제주도남쪽 해역에서 운항중일 때의 구중소음을 녹음 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 새바다호가 운항중일 때 주된 주파수대는 $100\sim500Hz$이며 최대음압은 121dB였다. 2) 항주중의 수중소음은 속도가 증가함에 따라 음압준위가 높아진다. 3) 후진할 때의 소음은 전진할 매와 소음 spectrum도 다르고 음경준위도 높았다. 4) 기관만을 운전할 때보다 항주중일 때의 수중소음이 10dB이상 높았다. 5) 어이에서 발생되는 수중소음의 주음원은 기사소음과 프로펠라의 회전 및 선체의 진동때문인 것으로 생각된다. 6) 거리에 따른 음압의 감쇠는 주파수가 높아짐에 따라 커지고 주파수 제곱에 비례하여 감쇠하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.454-456
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• 2014

9개월령 페르시안종 수컷 고양이(체중 3.2 kg)가 변비를 주증으로 내원하였다. 진단검사상 심한 변비와 거대 결장증이 확인되었다. 관장을 비롯한 즉각적인 응급처치를 실시한 후 신체검사를 실시하였고, 검사결과 음경구 0.5 cm 복측에서 비정상적인 요도구를 확인하였다. 이 요도구를 통해 3.5 fr tomcat catheter를 방광내부를 쉽게 삽입할 수 있었다. 영상진단과 신체검사를 통해 본 증례는 요도밑 열림증으로 진단되었다. 본 고양이는 중성화 수술과 함께 변비에 대한 내과적 처치가 실시되었다. 본 증례는 우리나라에서 처음으로 보고되는 만성 변비를 동반한 고양이의 요도밑 열림증이다.