• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2006

Objectives : This study aims to identify sexual behaviors in sexually abused children to assess the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory(CSBI) score of sexual behaviors reported in children by their parents to analyze the relation of these sexual behaviors to demographic variables, familial variables, and characteristics of sexual abuse variables. Method : A large sample of 2-13 year old children(N=121) were rated by their caregiver via parent report consisting of CSBI, the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), and a questionnaire assessing characteristics of family history and sexual abuse variables. Results : There were significantly related to the CSBI score; younger children(2-5 year old group) had significantly higher scores than older children. Maternal education also related to the CSBI score, in that mothers with higher levels of education report more CSBI scores than less educated mothers. There were significant differences according to characteristics of victim victim with penile penetration of vegina and genital exposure of offender had higher score in the CSBI than others. Also, when perpeturator was an acquaintance, the CSBI scores increased. Conclusion : Sexual behavior related to childs age, maternal education, penile penetration of vegina, and genital exposure, parental emotional state and personality traits. Findings were primarily similar to previously published studies. The suggestions and the limitations of this study, and directions of future study were discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2003

Background : Recent discoveries on the physiology of an erection have demonstrated that the organic causes of impotence are more common, and psychogenic impotence is correspondingly less common than was formally believed. The incidence of sexual dysfunctions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is largely unknown or may be perfunctorily attributed to the associated illness or to aging. This study investigated whether or not the impotence was related to the COPD itself as well as whether or not it nay stem from organic causes in a notable proportion of such patients. Methods : The sexual function was evaluated in 10 COPD patients and 10 normal control subjects. A nocturnal Rigi Scan was performed to evaluate the erectile function of each group. The level of hormones such as the free testosterone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured, and a pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis was performed. Results : The time duration and frequency of a penile erection were significantly lower in COPD patients than the controls (p<0.05). In addition, the $PaO_2$ levels correlated with the time duration of the penile erection. Conclusion : These results suggest that COPD is one of the causes of organic erectile dysfunction.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 내함한의학이론(內含韓醫學理論) 기중삼응삼양적내용비상난(其中三陰三陽的內容非常難) 기원인사(其原因是)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적내용비상복집(中三陰三陽的內容非常複雜), 특별시삼음삼양적시간배속매편화일양(特別是三陰三陽的時間配屬每篇不日樣) 본론문통과관우(本論文通過關于子) ${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적시간배속진행연구(中三陰三陽的時間配屬進行硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論), 운기지주기순서춰시오행(목화토금수)순서(運氣之主氣順序就是五行(木火土金水)順序), 저설명주기변화주요근거형지변화(這說明主氣變化主要根據形之變化), 운기지객기순서취시기지대(運氣之客氣順序就是氣之大小)(일양(一陽)${\longrightarrow}$이양(二陽)${\longrightarrow}$삼양(三陽)${\longrightarrow}$일음(一陰)${\longrightarrow}$이음(二陰)${\longrightarrow}$삼음(三陰))${\longrightarrow}$, 저설명객기변화주요근거기지변화(這說明客氣變化主要根據氣之變化) ${\ulcorner}$소문맥해(素問脈解)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속시음관(11월:태음)(的三陰三陽月別配屬是陰關(11月:太陰)${\longrightarrow}$양관(1월:태양)(陽關(1月:太陽)${\longrightarrow}$음합(3월:궐음)(陰闔(3月:厥廠)${\longrightarrow}$양합(5월:양명)(陽闔(5월:陽明))${\longrightarrow}$음추(7월:소음)(陰樞(7月:少陰)${\longrightarrow}$양추(9월:소양)(陽樞(9月少陽). 태양소음시음양세력적기초(太陽少陰是陰陽勢力的基礎), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏). 소양소음시음양세력적중간(少陽少陰是陰陽勢力的中間), 소이사위표리(所以杞爲表裏) 태음궐음시음양세력적전성기(太陰歐陰是陰陽勢力的全盛期), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏) 차료리적의사반영경락류주(此表養的意思反映經絡流注). 태음양명경류주신체전면(太陰陽明經流注身體前面), 태양소음경류주신체후면( 太陽少陰經流注身體後面 ), 소양궐음경류주신체측면(少陽厥陰經流注身體側面). ${\ulcorner}$령추경맥(靈樞經脈)${\lrcorner}$적12경맥류주순서시태음양면경(的12經脈流注順序是太陰陽明經)${\longrightarrow}$소음태양경(少陰太陽經)${\longrightarrow}$궐음소양경적표리경락위주(厥陰少陽經的表裏經絡爲主). 수선매기류주태음양명경적이유(首先脈氣流主太陰陽明經的理由), 취시후천수곡정미화호흡대기결합이형성경맥지기(就是後天水穀精微和呼吸大氣結合而形成經服之氣). 지후맥기류주소음태양경(之後脈氣流注少陰太陽經), 설명순행태음양명경적후천영양물질전입한열경락이위신(說明盾行太陰陽陽明經的後天營養物質轉入寒熱經絡而爲寫薪), 기차맥기순해궐음소양경적(其次脈氣盾行厥陰少陽經的), 인위한열경락지화기피궐음소양경지풍기조절이후조절조습경락(因爲寒熱經絡之火氣被厥陰少陽經之風氣調節而後調節操濕經絡), 비여작반시(比如作飯時), 화기취시소음태양경(火氣就是少陰太陽經), 풍기취시궐음소양경(風氣就是厥陰少陽經), 정내지반취시태음양명경.(鼎內之飯就是太陰陽明經). ${\ulcorner}$령추음양계일월(靈樞陰陽緊日月)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속주요시추관합합관추순서(的三陰三陽月別配屬主要是樞關闔闔關樞順序). 저양배서적원인시개문화관문과정(這樣排序的原因是開門和關門過程). 재춘하(在春夏), 양경락지맥기여개문관문과정(陽經絡之脈氣如開門關門過程), 수착추관합합관추순서순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞順序盾行), 재추동(在秋冬), 음경락지맥기여개문폐문과정(陰經絡之脈氣如開門閉門過程), 수착추관합합관추순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞盾行).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.203-210
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• 2005

Objective : This study is present studies of Definition and Acupuncture Treatment of Biaoben (標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街). Methods : We studied oriental medical books and joumal related with Biaoben(標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街). Results & Conclusions : 1. Theory of Biaoben (標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街) is a ground of remote acupuncture point needling. 2. Ben(本) and Geun(根) at distal part of limbs have effect a disease of haed, face, chest and back.

• KSCI Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.47-72
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• 1995

지금까지 나타난 많은 리더십 이론이 주로 기독교 문화권인 서구에서 연구된 것을 문화권이 다른 우리나라에 적용하고자 하는 것이 기존의 연구 경향이었다. 오랫동안 전통이 되어 온 우리 특유의 조직 문화 중에서 특히 관료적이고 권위주의적인 조직 문화에 새로운 변화가 일어나고 있는 과도기적인 현시점에서 최근에 나타난 리더십 이론인 B.M.Bass의 변형적 리더십 이론을 모델로 하여 우리 기업에 적절한 리더십 유형을 찾는 것이 일차적 목적이며 여기서 찾아낸 리더십 유형 별로 조직원의 상사 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이 이 연구의 목적이었다. 따라서 이 논문에서 제시한 리더십 유형을 보면 변혁적 리더십 유형에 속하는 것으로 지원적 배려, 카리스마, 과업 동기 자극으로 3분류하였으며 거래적 리더십 유형에 속하는 것으로 상황적 보상, 예외 관리, 소극적 관리로 3분류하여 모두 6유형을제시하고 신뢰성과 타당성을 확인하였다. 실증 연구 결과를 보면 우리나라는 거래적 리더십유형인 상황적보상, 예외 관리, 소극적 관리가 모두 조직원의 상사 만족도에 영향을 미치는것으로 나타나 Bass의 주장과는 다소 상이하다. 그러나 변혁적 리더십 유형인 카리스마, 지원적 배려, 과업 동기 자극에서는 카리스마만이 조직원의 상사 만족도에 영향을 미치고 지원적 배려는 영향력의 정도가 미약하며 과업 동기 자극은 거의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 리더의 부하 통솔 및 지도 방향에서 아직도 우리나라에서는 거래적 요소가 짙다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 비록 당분간은 리더가 거래적 리더십을 많이 사용하겠지만 기업의 역사가 길어지고 종업원의 교육 훈련의 기회가 많아지면 변혁적 리더십으로 전환되리라 생각된다.가 단층원주상피세포와 단층입방상피가 부위에 따라 다르게 분포하고 있으며, 상피세포 및 결합조직에는 두터운 근육층이 있어 음경의강한 운동성이 감지 되었다. 제주도 내의 서귀포 부근에서는 현재 천연기념물로 지정되어 있는 서귀포층내에서 많은 화석들이 산출되고 있다. 이 시대는 빙하기와 간빙기가 교호하던 시대로서, 분석 결과에 의하면 서귀포층이 쌓일 당시에 우리 나라는 빙하기의 영향을 받았던 것으로 생각된다.is)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.519-522
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• 2015

A 6-year-old castrated male Shih-Tzu was admitted to the Gyeongsang Animal Medical Center with hematuria and vomiting. Serum chemistry indicated increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values. Radiography showed radiopaque materials attached to the ventralis of the inner bladder wall. Penile urethra also was filled with radiopaque materials. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral perineal effusion in the kidney, thinned bladder wall, and materials with acoustic shadowing at the caudal extremity of the os penis. Because urination was not identified by urinary obstruction, cystocentesis was performed. Hematuria was diagnosed by urinalysis, but clear crystals were not identified. Owing to failure of securing patency to the bladder using retrohydropropulsion, cystotomy and urethrotomy with retrohydropropulsion were performed. In this report, we describe the clinical and radiographic findings of urethral plugs in a male Shih-Tzu dog, wherein the urethral plugs were treated successfully with hydropropulsion, cystotomy, and urethrotomy. It provides an option for the treatment of urethral plugs in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2013

A 3-month-old male domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stranguria and hematuria and a 4-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stranguria. For cat 1, a swollen prepuce, erythematous preputial orifice, and urine pooling from the preputial orifice were noted. The preputial orifice was a pinpoint opening and penis was not extruded from the prepuce. For cat 2, a necrotic skin around the preputial orifice, small preputial orifice, and severe urine pooling from the preputial orifice were noted. The round-shaped resection of the tip of the prepuce was performed to increase the diameter of the preputial orifice and remove erythematous fragile skin or a necrotic skin around the preputial orifice and the edematous, redundant preputial mucosa in these 2 cats. The preputial mucosa was then apposed to the ipsilateral incised skin edge. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over 22- and 24-month follow-up period, respectively. The round-shaped resection technique provided adequate enlargement of the preputial orifice to allow extrusion of penis in these 2 cats with a phimosis. This technique could be helpful in cases with skin and mucosa necrosis around the preputial orifice that require round-shaped resection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.459-469
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• 1995

As S-nitrosothiols were proposed as nitrergic carriers in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, we have investigated the relaxant properties of several S-nitrosothiols in the porcine retractor penis(PRP) muscle and compared them with the effects of exogenously added NO, electrical field stimulation(EFS) of NANC nerves and sodium nitroprusside(SNP). Also the influences of oxyhemoglobin and hydroquinone on the relaxant responses were investigated. In addition, effects of NO on membrane potentials and its involvement in the generation of inhibitory junction potential(IJP) were investigated with conventional intracellular microelectrode technique. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Frequency-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle were induced by EFS to NANC nerve. Tetrodotoxin($1{\times}10^{-6}M$) abolished the relaxations of PRP muscle induced by EFS, and L-NAME(($2{\times}10^{-5}M$) and methylene blue($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) inhibited the relaxations. L-NAME-induced inhibition of the relaxations was reversed by L-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$), but not by D-arginine. 2. Exogenous NO($1{\times}10^{-5}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$), sodium nitroprusside(($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) induced dose-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle. All S-nitrosothiols($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) tested relaxed the PRP muscle in dose-dependent manner and the potency order was SNAP>GSNO>CysNO>SNAC. 3. Oxyhemoglobin($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) blocked the relaxation induced by exogenous NO and inhibited EFS-, S-nitrosothiols-, and SNP-induced relaxation. 4. Hydroquinone($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) also abolished the relaxations induced by exogenous NO, and reduced the relaxations induced by S-nitrosothiols, but did not affect EFS- and SNP-induced relaxations. 5. SNP($2{\times}10^{-6}-5{\times}10^{-6}M$) relaxed muscle strips but the membrane potentials were not affected. 6. EFS with several pulses(1ms, 2Hz, 80V) produced an inhibitory junction potential(IJP) with muscle relaxation. They were abolished by TTX($2{\times}10^{-6}M$). $N^G$-nitro-$_{\small{L}}$-arginine(L-NNA, $2{\times}10^{-5}M$) abolished the muscle relaxation, but had no effect on IJP.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.447-458
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• 1995

This study was carried out to characterize nonadrenergic, noncholinergic(NANC) relaxation of porcine retractor penis(PRP) muscle induced by electrical field stimulation(EFS) and to investigate the actions of niric oxide(NO) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) as candidates for NANC neurotransmitters. Biphasic relaxations of PRP muscle were induced by EFS to NANC nerve. Rapid-phase relaxation was observed at low frequency(0.5-16Hz) and slow-phase relaxation followed during high frequency(8-60Hz). Both relaxations were frequency-dependent and TTX($1{\times}10^{-6}M$)-sensitive. L-NAME($2{\times}10^{-5}M$) inhibited the rapid-phase relaxation, but not the slow-phase relaxation. The inhibition of the rapid-phase relaxation with L-NAME was reversed by L-arginine ($1{\times}10^{-3}M$) but not by D-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$). Methylene blue($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) reduced the rapid-phase relaxation. Exogenous No(ExoNO, $1{\times}10^{-5}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) induced dose-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle. Oxyhemoglobin($5{\times}1^{-5}M$) blocked the relaxation induced by ExoNO and inhibited EFS-induced relaxation. Hydroquinone($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) also abolished the relaxation induced by ExoNO, but did not affect EFS-induced relaxation. L-NAME resistant slow-phase relaxation to EFS was inhibited by ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin(2.5 U/ml). Both methylene blue($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) and Nethylmaleimide($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) reduced the slow-phase relaxation by EFS. [4-Cl-D-$Phe^6$, $Leu^{17}$]-VIP($3{\times}10^{-6}M$) inhibited the slow-phase relaxation by EFS. External applications of VIP ($1{\times}10^{-7}M$) caused relaxations that were simillar to the L-NAME resistant slow-phase relaxations induced by EFS, and relaxant effects of exogenous VIP were blocked by ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin(2.5 U/ml).

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.167-171
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• 2003

Objectives: The Applied Kinesiology(A.K) doctors diagnose and treat a patient by using muscles related to 12 main meridian. The purpose of study is to make It clear what the Correlationship in SuSamUm-Kyung of 12 Joung-Kyung with Muscles in A.K is. Method: In the Lung meridian and the Heart meridian, the Sidong.Sosang-disease and the related muscles are used. In the Pericardium meridian Correlationship in the Kidney with the lower limbs and the Pericardium with the Kidney is used. Results & Conclusion: Summarized as follows 1. The Lung meridian is related to the triceps and the levator scapulae in th Sidong.Sosang-disease and the serratus anterior in the symptoms of the muscles' stiffness. 2. The Heart meridian is related to the subscapularis in The Applied Kinesiology(A.K) the referred pain of the subscapularis and KukCheon-hole of The Heart meridian. 3. The Pericardium meridian is related to the correlated muscles in the correlationship the Kidney with the lower limbs and the Pericardium with the Kidney.