• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves, seed and outer seedcoat against bacteria. Antimicrobial effects of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL), seed (GBS) and outer seedcoat (GBO) were examined by paper disc method and optical density method to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to figure out the morphological change on the surface when Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was treated. The extracts of GBL, GBS and GBO were extracted by solvents such as methanol, ethanol, water. The methanol extract of GBL and GBO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica except Escherichia coli and thus was further fractionated. The MICs of the chloroform fraction of GBL methanol extract were $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes; GBO methanol extract were $62.5{\mu}g$/mL against B. cereus and $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes. The microorganisms were treated with chloroform extracts ($2000{\mu}g$/mL) of GBL and GBO methanol extracts. It was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cells were expanded and a part of cell wall was completely destructed by GBL and GBO. Thus Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and outer seedcoat could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2019

나고야 의정서가 국내에 본격 시행됨에 따라 전남산림자원연구소는 도내 유용 산림 자원의 주권 확립 및 자원 정보의 DB 구축을 위하여 산림생명자원 추출물은행을 운영 중에 있다. 그 일환으로 1차년 난대 수종 4종(동백, 비자, 편백, 황칠)의 부위(잎, 가지) 시기(1차:4월, 2차:7월, 3차:9월, 4차:11월) 용매별(열수, 에탄올) 추출물을 제작하여, 유효성분 및 생리활성의 분석을 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀(Total Polyphenol) 함량을 150 ug/g 이상을 기준으로 분석 분류한 결과, 동백 잎(4차) 열수, 가지(1, 3차), 잎(4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3, 4차) 열수, 가지(2, 3차), 잎(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 가지(3차) 열수, 잎(3차), 가지(2, 3차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2, 3, 4차) 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 함량의 총 폴리페놀을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다음으로, 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 측정하여 50 % 이상을 기준으로 분류한 결과, 동백(1~4차), 가지(1~3차) 열수, 잎(1~4차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3차) 열수, 잎(2, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 잎(3, 4차), 가지(1차) 열수, 잎(1~3차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2~4차) 열수 추출물에서 높은 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 보여 주었다. 이와 같이, 수종별로 부위 시기 용매별 추출물에 따른 유효성분과 생리활성에 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 산업화 활용 시 채취 시기 및 부위를 특정 하는 자료로 도움 될 것으로 생각되며, 지속적으로 연계 추출 및 분석을 통해 보다 유의성 있는 자료 수집을 계속 진행 중 입니다. 이러한 산림생명자원 추출물은행의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보다 심도 있게 반복적인 데이터를 수집 구축하고, 연구개발에 활용한다면, 고부가가치 임산 자원을 개발 및 산업화에 큰 도움이 되고 임업임 소득증대에 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to maintain healthy hair by treatment. Frequent permutations cause a lot of damage to the ends of the hair, and use permant wave pre- and post-processing agents step by step to protect the damaged ends of the hair. The Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract used in this study are effective for anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancer blood circulation and skin moisturizing. This extract was soaked in 1 perm paper and 2 perm papers and wound, and then the cuticle, tensile strength and wave formation rate were investigated. An average comparison analysis was conducted, and when the ginkgo leaf extract was applied to two perm paper sheets, the permanent hair tip showed the highest hair improvement effect.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2005

To overcome the problems associated with chemical pesticides, biological pest controls agent extracted from Ginkgo biloba was studied. Insecticidal activities components in Ginkgo biloba extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This results of HPLC analysis, GG-W80 were included bilobalide $611\;{\mu}g/kg$, ginkgolide A $37\;{\mu}g/kg$ and ginkgolide B $243\;{\mu}g/kg$, while YG-W80 were included bilobalide $214\;{\mu}g/kg$ and ginkgolide B $46\;{\mu}g/kg$. The biological activity of Ginkgo biloba extracts were conducted to repellent and pesticidial effect of Tetranichus urticae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae treated with Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts. Mortalities of adult T. urticae to green Ginkgo biloba extracts (GG-W80) and yellow Ginkgo biloba extracts (YG-W80) were shown 98.3% and 20.0%, respectively. From these results, terpenes components in Ginkgo biloba extracts could be use for biological controls for T. urticae.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.223-228
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• 2020

The need to steadily manage healthy hair for a beautiful hairstyle is emerging, and it is time to develop hair cosmetics using natural antioxidants that are harmless to the human body according to the needs of the times. Therefore Max. Load, Max. Stress, Max. Elongation, and breakage on the hair coated with the extract of Ginkgo biloba L. According to the Break Load, Break Stress, Break Elongation, Max. Various convergence property experiments such as modulus and Tangential modulus values were conducted. As a result of research, the hairs coated with Ginkgo biloba extract had an overall increase in intrinsic properties including tensile strength compared to the control group. Through this study, we intend to study the potential of Ginkgo biloba L. as a useful material for hair cosmetics such as permanent wave preparations as well as health supplements and medicines that have been released, and we expect that it will be provided as useful research data for the subsequent development of various hair cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1998

This study was conducted with pot experiment to find out the effect of ginkgo leaf wastes application produced from the pharmaceutical process on the growth and yield of red pepper. Four kinds of ginkgo leaf wastes, the natural dried leaves, the leaves produced from the pharmaceutical process, the dried leaves to remove methanol after the pharmaceutical process, and the leaves washed with water to removal methanol and some activated materials after pharmaceutical process, were treated with two levels of application rates. The growth responses and yield were measured throughout the experimented period. Shoot growth of red pepper was inhibited by all treatment of ginkgo leaf wastes compared to the treatment of NPK and NPK+compost. Red pepper yields were also significantly reduced by treatment of the ginkgo leaf wastes except for the treatment of the water washed ginkgo leaf wastes, 1,000 kg/10a, which showed similar yield to NPK treatment. The major reseon to reduce the growth and yield seemed to be originated from the allelopathic substances of the ginkgo leaves. The organic matter contents of the soil after experiment were slightly increased with the treatment of the ginkgo leaf wastes and compost than that of NPK treatment. Based on these results, this study for using the ginkgo leaf wastes should be done more to utilize the wastes of the pharmaceutical process as a organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to detect the presence of allelopathic substances in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. Water extracts from G. biloba leaves which collected at different season markedly inhibited the germination and growth of O. sativa, E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, and L. sativa, indicating the presence of biological substances. Linolenic and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids of G. biloba leaves. The biochemical substances such as salicylic arid, p-coumaric acid, catechol, hydroquinone, orchinol, ferulic acid, phloroglucinol, and umbelliferone etc., belonging to the phenolic, compounds were, detected in a large amount, which may be responsible for exhibition inhibitory effects. The common phenolic compounds were detected in the early-harvested and late-harvested G. biloba leaves were salicylic and p-coumaric acid. All these compounds were related to the allelopathic activities in G. biloba leaves.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2007

A Insecticidal effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was conducted for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus as a predominant species in korea. D. pteronyssinus has been cultured in constant temperature and humidity chamber at the 25$^{\circ}C$ and 75% of relative humidity. The mortality of mites was determined by counting the dead bodies for every hour within 48 hours with pin hall microscope after treated by Ginkgo biloba leaves extract spreaded on 0.1 g of mass cultured media. The sequence of mortality for D. pteronyssinus are as follows, bilobalide was 91.6%, 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 82.8%, second water fraction was 75%, ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water fraction was 73%, first ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 69.4%, putaltrin was 65%, distilled water was 58%, methanol extract was 57.8%, Ginkgolide-A was 57.1 %, ethyl acetate fraction of 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 55%, respectively. From the these results we conclude that the bilobalide is the most effective component in the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract having insecticidal effect on house dust mite.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.312-316
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• 2006

A optimal condition for the Ginkgo biloba extraction in ethanol and water binary solvent system has been proposed based on concentration of bilobalide and ginkgolide known as having a antimicrobial components in the range 5% to 70% ethanol in water at $80^{\circ}C$. Concentration of bilobalide as a single component of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract is the highest at the 60% ethanol and ginkgolide A and B is highest at 50% ethanol. Antimicrobial effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts on the S. aureus was also examined by disc diffusion test and optical density test. In case of the disc diffusion test, the clean zone diameter was increased from 0.95 cm to 1.70 cm as ethanol concentration increased from 5 to 70%. However, over the 40% of ethanol concentration the antimicrobial effect was almost flat. Based on these results, we propose that the 40% of ethanol and 60% water solvent is most desirable for Ginkgo biloba extract considering vapor pressure problem in concentrating process after extraction. We introduced SEM and TEM to figure out the morphological change on the surface and inside body of S. aureus when Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was treated. After mixed with Ginkgo biloba leaves extract blast like blebs appeared on the surface of S. aureus cells and cell wall was not observed. From the these results, it seems that the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract including bilobalide and ginkgolide A, B prevent cell wall synthesis.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.61-69
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• 1991

Free phenolic acid, esterified and insoluble phenolic acid extract were extracted from Ginkgo nuts and leaves. Antioxidative effectiveness was measured by Peroxide value and TBA value at each extract, control, 0.02%(w/w) BHA and BHT in corn oil, at $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and dark thermo static oven for 45 days. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT, separated free phenolic acids, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic acid extract of Ginkgo nuts and leaves 127, 95, 140, 121, 280 meq/kg, oil. On the other hand, at the same condition TBA values of each antioxidative matter were 0.430, 0.153, 0.059, 0.175, 0.260, 0.187, 0.160, 0.174, 0.195. This result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in corn oil substrate, ${\rho}$-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Syringic acid, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Pyrogallol, Caffeic acid, Coumaric acid, trans-Cinnamic acid, Phloroglucinol.