• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrient level (metabolizable energy and crude protein, 2,843kcal/kg and 19.46% at 2 to 3 week, 3,072kcal/kg and 18.38% at 4 to 6 week, 3,109 kcal/kg and 17.26% at 7 to 8week, respectively, and feeding form was ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in control, ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 1, crumble $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 2, pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 3 for broiler during 8 weeks. Also the effects of supplemented with charcoal(1%) in total mixed treatment feed was investigated. The crude protein, crude fat in broiler meat ranged from 22.22${\sim}$23.40%, and 0.30${\sim}$0.45%, respectively. Especially, treatment 2 was lower than other treatment (P<0.05). The heating loss tend to be increased at control. Shear force and pH tend to be decreased at T3(1.21kg, 5.89). Control and T2 were significantly lighter in color (‘L’) than the T1 and the ‘a’ ranged from 0.19${\sim}$0.85 and T1 was the lowest ‘b’ among other treatment. The panel test, texture, Aroma were not significantly among the an experimental group (P<0.05). Myristic acid and arachidonic acid of T1 was significantly higher than that other treatment and oleic acid, U/S(unsaturated/ saturated) rate T2 was significantly higher than other experimental group(P<0.05). Among amino acid, cystine, glutamic acid, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, arginine in T1 and T2 was higher than control and T3.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.454-463
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of green tea extract material with or without nitrite (0.02 g) on the quality characteristics and reduced nitrite content of emulsion-type sausages during 4 weeks of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The treatments were; non-added nitrite and green tea extract (0, added nitrite and non-added green tea extract (T1), added nitrite and 0.2% green tea extract (T2), added nitrite and 0.5% green tea extract (T3), and added nitrite and 1% green tea extract (T4). The lightness $(L^*)$ of sausage containing nitrite and green tea extract together were significantly lower than control and T1 (p<0.05). The redness $(a^*)$ of sausage containing only nitrite (T1) and, nitrite and green tea extract at 1% (T4) were significantly higher than control (p<0.05). The total expressible fluid (%) of sausage containing nitrite and green tea extract were significantly lower than control (p<0.05). Cohesiveness of sausage containing green tea extract were significantly lower than control (p<0.05) at 2 and 4 weeks storage period. Addition of nitrite and green tea extract decreased the TBARS values (p<0.05). It was also found that natural extract (green tea) treatments decreased TBARS formation more than only added nitrite (Tl) (p<0.05). The changes of total plate count and coliform plate count were increased during storage time. The total plate count of T1 was higher at 4 weeks of storage period, while the coliform plate count was higher in control at 2 and 4 weeks of storage period compare to other treatments. The residual nitrite content was decreased during storage time in all treatment except control and the effectiveness of decreasing ability was higher with increasing green tea extract.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1994

Background: The cell mediated immunity has an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. sIL-2R has been known as a sensitive marker of T lymphocyte activation Elevated serum levels of sIL-2R have been found in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and various granulomatous diseases. Elevated levels of sIL-2R have been also found in the serum and pleural fluid of the patients with tuberculosis. To evaluate the diagnostic value of sIL-2R in the differentiation of tuberculous pleurisy and nontuberculous pleurisy. We measured the level of sIL-2R in the sera and pleural fluids of 12 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 32 patients with nontuberculous pleurisy. Method: Samples of pleural fluid and serum were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min to remove cell pellets. Soluble IL-2R was measured with a sandwitch enzyme immunoassay using the Cellfree(r) Interleukin-2 Receptor Test kit(T-cell science,Inc. Cambridge, MA). Results: The results obtained were as follows: 1) The sIL-2R level in pleural fluid of the patients with tuberculous pleurisy was higher than that of patients with nontuberculous pleurisy(P<0.005). 2) When the sIL-2R level above 5,000 u/ml in pleural fluid was used as the cut-off value to diagnose tuberculous pleurisy, it had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 90.9%. 3) The sIL-2R level in the sera of the patients with tuberculous pleurisy was higher than that of patients with bacterial pleural effusions and normal control group(P<0.05) and there was no difference of levels compared with malignant pleural effusions and transudative pleural effusions(P>0.05). 4) In patients with tuberculous pleurisy, the mean concentration of sIL-2R in pleural fluid was higher than that in serum(P<0.005). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the measurement of elevated levels of pleural fluid sIL-2R in tuberculous pleurisy may be useful in the differential diagnosis between patients with tuberculous pleurisy and nontuberculous pleurisy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Hot tub lung has been described as a pulmonary illness associated with exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria,mainly hot bathtub water contaminated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and hence the name. Although not entirely clear, its etiology has been thought to involve either an infection or a hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to MAC. Herein, we describe 2 female patients (60 and 53 years old) admitted to our hospital with hot tub lung, and both of whom worked in a public bath. Both women were initially admitted following several months of exertional dyspnea and cough. The patients had been working as body-scrubbers in a public bath for several years. Their chest CT scans showed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities with multifocal air-trappings and poorly defined centrilobular nodules in both lungs. Pathological findings from lung specimens revealed small non-necrotizing granuloma in the lung parenchyme with relatively normal-looking adjacent alveoli. Discontinuation of working in the public bath led to an improvement in symptoms and radiographic abnormalities, without antimycobacterial therapy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.667-678
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of functional material(T1; pine needle powder, 0.4%, T2; perilla leaves powder, 0.4%, T3; green tea powder, 0.4%) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausages. The samples were stored at $9{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and analyzed with an interval of 10 days. The pH of all emulsion-type sausages increased as storage period increased. Water holding capacity(WHC) of all treatments were slightly increased as storage period increased and rapidly decreased on 40 days of storage. In texture analysis, hardness, chewiness, gumminess and brittleness were increased with storage in all treatments group. TBARS values of T3 was lower than those of other treatments at 1 days of storage, while that was the slightly higher in T4 at 40 day of storage. The L* values was decreased as storage period increased. The a* values was highest in C, while it was the lowest in T2 and T3. The residual nitrite content of all samples were in very safe range during the whole storage period. During the storage period 40 days, the Lactobacilli spp. of C were higher($10^7$CFU/g) than those of 3 treatments. In sensory evaluation, the score of overall acceptability were higher in the order of C(5.5-6.5)>T1(4.8-6.0)>T2(4.8-5.8)>T3(4.3-4.8). In the manufacture of functional sausage containing pine needle, perilla leaves and green tea powder, further studied are needs on addition type/ratio of functional materials and the use of added spices.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.427-434
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance and meat quality improvement according to castration, optimal feeding management and ruminally protected amino acid-enriched fatty acid (RPAAFA) for the unselected Hanwoo bulls in the performance test. Bulls were castrated at approximately 14 months of age. Sixteen Hanwoo steers, 15 months of age and weighing $412.9{\pm}24.9kg$, were distributed into 2 groups. Steers were fed a basal diet supplemented with RPAAFA at 0 g (control) or 100 g (treatment), respectively for 12 months. Steers were slaughtered at 27 months of age. Average daily gain for treatment tended to be higher (p=0.10) than that of control, whereas feed conversion ratio tended to be lower (p=0.07) in treatment than in control. The supplementation of RPAAFA did not affect rib eye area, back fat thickness, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity. The appearance rates of yield 'A' grade and high quality grade ($1^{++}$, $1^+$ and 1) were higher in treatment than in control. The content of moisture, fat, protein and ash in longissimus muscles were similar between control and treatment. The supplementation of RPAAFA did not affect water-holding capacity, oxidation and reduction potential, myoglobin and fatty acid contents in longissimus muscles. Thus, present results indicate that castration, optimal feeding management and RPAAFA may be recommended for improving growth performance and quality grade of the unselected Hanwoo bulls in the performance test.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of fermented sausages containing probiotic starter cultures (LK-30 plus, Lactobacillus plantarum 155 and 167, and Pediococcus damnosus L12) with reduced fat levels, and to determine the optimum condition for the manufacture of these products. Although low-fat fermented sausages were reduced fat content at the amount of 90% and the ripening time by 1-2 weeks, as compared to regular-fat counterpart, they became harder and had many winkles outside due to the extreme drying. In addition, fat level in fermented sausages affected the composition and shear force values. During ripening, pH, lightness and yellowness values tended to decrease, however, microbial counts of inoculated lactic acid bacteria were increased up to $10^8-10^9cfu/g$ within 3 days and remained constant thereafter. Low-fat fermented sausages had higher microbial counts than regular-fat ones. Although the inoculated probiotic starter cultures alone had the functional properties, such as cholesterol reduction, anti-high blood pressure and antimicrobial activity, they did not have distinctive characteristics in the fermented sausages. Based on these results, the low-fat fermented sausages were successfully manufactured, but a little bit increased fat level and improved functional properties in the fermented sausages would be required to have better quality as compared to regular-fat counterparts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2006

To determine the proper processing and storage conditions, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory properties of venison jerky under different dry times were measured during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Samples were dried for 3 hr (T1), 4 hr (T2) and 5 hr (T3) at $75^{\circ}C$ in the smoke chamber, respectively. The pH of T1 was slightly lower than those of T2 and T3 as storage time increased. As dry and storage time increased, TBARS of T2 and T3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of T1. In meat color, $L^*$ values of T3 showed slightly higher than those of T1 and T2, while at values were not clearly tendency by the passage of storage time. $b^*$ values of T2 and T3 were higher than that of T1. The water activity were significantly lower (p<0.05) in ,the order of T3$log_{10}$ CFU/g until 28 days and its number were accepted by sensory evaluation. In conclusions, T2 and T3 showed slightly high overall acceptability and lipid oxidative stability compared to T1 conditions. These results indicated that longer dry time ($4{\sim}5 hr$) of venison jerky would be better characteristics as compared to shorter dry time (3 hr) with increased storage time at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2001

Backgrounds : Recent technological developments have introduced a new method to identifying M. tuberculosis complex DNA in clinical samples directly. The direct amplification test (DAT) is approved for identifying M. tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens that are smear-positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). When there is a discrepancy between the AFB smear and DAT, no information on their clinical utility is currently available. In this study, the diagnostic reliability of DAT was investigated in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients whose sputum AFB smear was negative. Methods : From June 1, 1998 through May 30, 1999, 909 patients with presumed active pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled. A sputum AFB stain, culture, DAT and/or biopsy were performed. Using the criteria of clinical tuberculosis or confirmed tuberculosis, the positive predictive value of DAT in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis was investigated. Results : The positive predictive value of DAT was 82.1% by the clinically active tuberculosis criteria. However, it decreased to 61.5% when diagnosis was restricted to only to culture positive or biopsy proven cases. The false positive rate of DAT was 18.0%. Conclusion : The DAT is a valuable diagnostic method in suspected patients whose sputum AFB is was negative.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.6.3-7
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• 1979

During last two. decades, microlaryngeal surgery opened now era in the laryngeal surgery. In 1960, using Lynch's suspension laryngoscope, Seal co et al performed the first successful microsurgery in the treatment of polyp and other laryngeal diseases. In 1968, Kleinsasser reported a new technique of microlaryngeal surgery with a self retaining laryngoscope. Authors studied the statistic analysis of 53 cases (75 times) of the suspension laryngoscopic microsurgery at E.N.T. department of Han Yang University Hospital from May 1972 to April 1979 an reported this result. 1) sex distribution was male 1.3 : female 1. 2) age distribution was 3rd decade 14 cases (26.4%), 2nd decade 10 cases (18.7%) and 5th decade 9 cases (17%) in order. 3) chief compliant was hoarseness 48 cases (90.6%), dyspnea 16 cases (30.5%) and sore throat 8 cases (15.1%) in order. 4) diagnostic impression was polyp 18 cases (34%), nodule 12 cases (22.6%), papilloma 9 cases (17%), tumor 7 cases (13.2%), intubation granuloma 3 cases (5.7%) in order and other kinds were laryngeal stenosis with decannulation difficulty, laryngeal paralysis and hematoma. 5) histopathologic result of 48 cases was polyp 17 cases (35.4%), papilloma 11 cases (23%), nodule 9 cases (18.9%), malignancy 3 cases (6.3%), chronic inflammation 2 cases (4.2%) in order and others were hyperkeratosis, mucous retension cyst, nodule associated abscess, granuloma, hematoma and unconfirmed case. 6) in involved site, both sides 15 cases (60%), Lt.side 5 cases (19%), Rt side 3 cases (12%), anterior commissure 3 cases (12%) on the nodule and polyp (26 cases) and whole laryngeal involvement 7 cases (63.6%), one side cord involement 3 cases (23.7%), extralaryngeal involvement 1 cases (9.1%) on the papilloma (11 cases).