• Proceedings of the Korean Printing Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2001

환경문제에 대해 오래 전부터 관심을 가져온 선진국은 잉크의 수성화에 주력하여 왔으며, 그 결과 이미 수용성 소재의 양산체재에 들어가 수성 원료 사업을 대형화하는 추세에 있다. 이에 한화석유화학 중앙연구소에선 스티렌/아크릴계 수용성 High Solid 수지를 개발하여, 수성 잉크용 분산제, Resin Fortified Emulsion (RFE), UV Resist 잉크, 수성코팅제, 바닥광택제 등에 적요하기 위한 응용기술을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 수성 잉크의 주요 구성 성분인 grinding vehicle. let-down vehicle로 사용되는 수용성 High Solid 수지 (SAA 수지) 및 이를 이용한 에멀젼 수지의 합성과 수성 잉크로의 응용에 대한 것이다. SAA(HCC Soluryl Resin) 수지는 구조적으로 Styrene, Alpha-methyl Styrene, crylic Acid의 삼원공중합체이며 약 70%의 소수성 물질과 30%의 친수성 물질이 Random 하게 중합되어 있으며 약 5000∼15000정도의 낮은 분자량을 가진 물질로, 고고형분에서도 낮은 점도를 유지하기 위하여 분자량과 좁은 분자량과 좁은 분자량을 가지는 수지를 연속벌크중합방법으로 합성하였다. 또한 이를 고분자 유화제로서 사용하여 수지보강 에멀젼수지 (RFE 수지, HCC Soluryl Emulsion) 를 제조하는데 사용하였으며, SAA수지 및 RFE수지를 수성잉크용 분산제, 잉크 바인더용으로 적용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.137-139
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• 1998

계면활성제는 섬유, 의약품, 화장품, 식품, 조선, 토목, 건축, 광업, 가정용 세제 등 인간생활에 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 계면활성제의 사용범위가 넓어짐에 따라 계면활성제 자체의 오염성 때문에 분리대상 물질이나 재사용을 위한 회수물질로 간주되고 있다. 특정물질의 분리$\cdot$회수를 위한 분리막 기술은 공정이 간단하고 상변화를 수반하지 않으므로 에너지 소모가 작은 장점들을 가지고 있어 폐수처리, 수처리, 대기오염 방지등에 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비교적 소수기가 짧아서 저온에서도 잘 녹고, 세정성이 양호하여 세제, 유화제, 섬유제품의 침투제로 널리 이용되고 있는 음이온 계면활성제 SDS와 SLS용액의 한외여과에 대한 투과실험을 수행하였다. 또한 음이온 계면활성제와 인체에 유해한 금속이온($Cd^{++}, Cu^{++}, Zn^{++}$) 혼합물에 대한 제거실험을 실시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.577-582
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• 2002

Effects of the addition of single or blends of konjac flour (KF), carrageenan (CN), and soy protein isolate (SPI) into the sausage formulation were determined based on the physico-chemical and textural characteristics of low-fat comminuted sausage (LFS, fat <3%). LFSs had a pH range of 6.10 to 6.16, 77-79% moisture, <3% fat, and 13-15% protein contents, whereas regular-fat sausages (RFSs) had a pH value of 6.11, 62.5% moisture, 19.4% fat, and 11.9% protein. LFSs containing fat replacers were reduced (P<0.05) cooking loss (CL, %). KF alone or mixed with other hydrocolloids slightly improved the water-holding capacity, whereas CN increased (P<0.05) the gel strength, resulting in higher hardness values. Replacement of 6% lean meat with 1.5% SPI alone increased (P<0.05) yellowness (Hunter b value) and expressible moisture (EM, %). TPA values of KF+CN+SPI were the most similar to those of RFSs. These results indicated that triple addition of KF, CN and SPI at the ratio of 1 : 1 : 3 in LFS formulation improved functional properties, as compared to the low-fat control, and had textural characteristics most similar to those with RFSs.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1985

The effect of dispersed phase on the stability of emulsion system with polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers and their variation of ethylene oxide moles was studied by such methods as interfacial tension measurement, centrifugation and droplet size variation with time. The experiments showed that, in interfacial tension measurement, long chain alkanols into dispersed phaes are more effectively adsorbed onto interface, while long chain alkanes nearly not, and in centrifugation, dispersed phase with alkanols is less separated than that with alkanes. On the other hand, alkanes help more stabilyzing emulsion than alkanols in droplet size variation. And the addition of NaCl or Urea, and variation of E.O. moles have very slight effects on the stability with alkanes than with alkanols. Moreover, the longer carbon chain length is, dispersed phase is more effective on emulsion stability. Supposed from these facts is that more stable emulsion can be made with alkanes which retard molecular diffusion by water solubility decrease rather than alkanols which raise resistance to coalescence by rigid interfacial mixed monolayers formation. In conclusion, the stabilities of these emulsions are proved to be more influenced by molecular diffusion than coalescence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.175.1-175.1
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• 2007

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.196-203
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• 1993

Emulsions were prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method-dissolving the mixed surfactants composed of the glycerin monostearate, polyoxyethylene(100) monostearate, and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monostearate into mixtures of liquid paraffin and beeswax, and adding the aqueous solution of propylene glycol, gradually-and then their phases and viscosities behaviors in the emulsifying process were investigated. The fine and homogeneous o/w emulsions were formed in the HLB region (HLB 10.1~12.3), showing liquid crystalline phase and white gel phase in the emulsifying process. The phase inversion steps in the emulsifying process appeared as follows, i.e., oil continuous phase${\rightarrow}$liquid crystalline phase${\rightarrow}$white gel phase${\rightarrow}$o/w emulsion. Shear rate-shear stress curves of the prepared emulsions had the yield values which pointed out the existence of inner structure between emulsion particles, and the hysteresis loop which showed that the inner structure wasbroken irreversibly by the shear. The area of hystersis loop, an index of breakdown of inner structure, was increased with the decreasing of the HLB value of emulsifier, Shear time-shear stress curves showed the time dependence of plastic viscosity, and the relaxation time in time thinning behavior(${\lambda}$) indicated that the stability of emulsions prepared with the inversion emulsification method was decreased with the increasing of HLB values of emulsifier and was higher than that of emulsions prepared by homomixer.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.10-23
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• 2001

In order to increase the lower values of % grafting and monomer conversion in the emulsion graft polymerization of methylmethacrylate(MMA) onto sodium alginate (SA; a polymer electrolyte) with alginic acid-g-PMMA, the graft polymerization with water soluble (methanol and acetone) and insoluble solvents was carried out using a varity of solvent amounts and agitating rates. And some physical properties of the graft polymer were also investigated. In the polymerizations with water insoluble solvent, there were pronounced improvements in both % grafting and MMA conversion by the promotion of MMA diffusion from the core to the SA adsorpted on the outer layer of particle and that of MMA complex formation with SA. And the effect was larger for the solvents (cyclohexane, decalin) which do not dissolve PMMA. On the other hand, in the polymerization with water soluble solvent, there was an significant increase in MMA conversion and a considerable increase in the % grafting by the destruction of electrical double layer around the SA chains, abstracting the hydrated water in the layer and the effect was more potential in the case of methanol which is a precipitant of PMMA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1979

By using the existing caustic refining system with a minimum modification and by using a combination of various emulsifiers(0.2 % sodium hexametaphosphate. 0.05 % sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.001 % dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), a new economical dewaxing process for sunflower seed oil was developed in order to reduce the cost of the dewaxing process. The results indicate that the waxes can be removed satisfactorily from the sunflower seed oil by emulsifying. batchwise or continuously, the oil with the aqueous surfactant solution, followed by centrifugation at ambient temperatures $(16{\sim}27^{\circ}C)$. Dewaxing loss for the batch process was satisfactory for both low wax-and high wax-crude oil, whereas dewaxing loss for the continuous process needs to be improved. The results indicate that initial level of wax content (low wax vs. high wax) did not affect the loss for batch process (0.82 % vs. 0.62 %), but affected the loss for continuous processes, regardless of the type of mixing mode (2.28 % and 5.68 % for low wax-and high wax-oil, respectively). It was also noted that the type of mixing mode (centactor vs. static mixer) for the continuous process affected the loss, regardless of the wax content (5.2 % and 2.8 % for contactor and static mixer, respectively).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2010

Core-shell particles of inorganic/organic pair were synthesized from $CaCO_3$ absorbed sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) surfactant. Shell components were synthesized by sequential emulsion polymerization. Various monomers were used as shell components such as methyl methacrylate(MMA), ethyl acrylate(EA), butyl acrylate(BA), and styrene(St). Ammonium persulfate(APS) was used as an initiator and 2-ethylhexyl acylate(2-EHA) was used as a functional monomer, In the $CaCO_3$/organic core-shell particle polymerization, $CaCO_3$ absorbed surfactant SDBS of 0.5 wt% was prepared first and then core $CaCO_3$ was encapsulated by emulsion polymerization. 0.1 wt% of APS was added sequentially to minimize the formation of new monomer particle during shell polymerization. The structure of inorganic/organic core-shell particles were characterized by measuring the decomposition degree of $CaCO_3$ using HCl solution, thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.138-140
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• 2008

현재 현수막의 코팅에서 기능을 부여하는 수요가 늘고 있다. 본 실험에서는 코팅제의 유기용제 사용으로 인한 환경오염 문제및 폐기물 처리비용 부담을 줄이기 위하여 수성코팅제를 개발하려한다. acryl binder, 탄산칼슘, silica, 유화제등을 혼합한 코팅제를 knife coating한 후 170$^{\circ}C$로 1분 30초간 열처리 하였다. 이때 acryl binder의 첨가비율은 35${\sim}$55%로 변화를 주었다. 처리한 폴리에스테르에 DTP printing을 한 후 CCM 측정, 내수성, 접착성을 알아본 결과 acryl binder의 첨가비율은 45%일때 가장 우수한 발색성 및 printing 특성을 나타내었다. 기존 수성코팅제에 대비 20${\sim}$30% 발색성이 개선되었다.