• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-215
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of added emulsifier and enzyme on the quality characteristics of Seolgiddeok with black rice powder, green tea powder, Lentines edodes powder, pumpkin powder during storage. Samlpes were divided into two groups, the emulsifier-enzyme added group and the control, and stored fur 4 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Moisture content was measured by the air oven method; the Hunter's cole. values by Lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b) value; the degree of gelatinization by the enzyme digestion method, and expressed as glucose content by Somogi-Nelson method. The degree of retrogradation was calculated as the retrogradation rate using the degree of gelatinization value, and total cell and mold counts were also measured. Texture and sensory characteristics were also investigated. The results are as follows: The emulsifier-enzyme group was significantly different from the control from each examination and the retrogradation of pumpkin Seolgiddeok with emulsifier-enzyme was delayed the most among samples tested.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 1994

The stability of W/O emulsions (milk fat : water=4 : 1, w/w) containing various emulsifiers was compared to determine the effect of different chemical types of emulsifiers in relation to the change of HLB value caused by emulsifier type and the influence of single vs. binary emulsifier systems. These variables were compared at emulsifier HLB values of 0.5~16.7 and at emulsifier concentrations of 1.0~3.0%(w/w). Eleven emulsifiers used as 11 different single mixtures and 16 different binary mixtures were evaluated in W/O type emulsion systems containing 20.0%(w/w) of water in milk fat. This W/O emulsion was stable (more than 90.0 of ESI value) in the range of low value of emulsifier HLB (less than 4.7 of HLB value). All the ESI values of binary emulsifier systems were higher than those of single emulsifier systems. But, the influence pattern of emulsifier HLB on this emulsion stability in single emulsifier systems was very similar to the trend in binary emulsifier systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.670-677
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• 2020

To prevent contamination by Campylobacter jejuni during chicken carcass processing, the effect of emulsifiers on C. jejuni inoculated on chicken skin was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Among the 8 emulsifiers (SWA-10D, L-7D, M-7D, S-1670, L-1695, P-1670, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) tested for antimicrobial activity by the paper disk method, 4 emulsifiers (L-7D, L-1695, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) were screened further. Emulsifier L-1695 showed the largest clear zone at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The 4 emulsifiers subjected to primary screening were screened for heat and pH stability. In the contact surface test, emulsifier L-1695 showed the lowest log CFU/㎠ value on both stainless steel and ceramic surfaces. When emulsifier L-1695 was applied via general and electrostatic spray methods, the number of C. jejuni entrapped inside chicken skin follicles was significantly reduced in both methods. In conclusion, the emulsifier L-1695 could be employed as a microbial detachment agent in the chicken carcass processing industry.

• 베이커리
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• no.10 s.339
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• pp.98-100
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• 1996

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.596-602
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• 2003

A Polymeric emulsifier was synthesized by solution polymerization with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. A series of polymeric emulsifier have been used in the emulsion copolymerization of 2-ethylhexyl actryacrylate and n-butyl acrylate. The size of the synthesized latex particles was around 145 nm and its distribution was very narrow. Emulsion with polymeric emusifier showed no coagulum after 7 cycles of freeze-thaw test, while the emulsion with traditional emulsifier exhibited coagulum after 2 cycles. The adhesion tests showed that the initial tackiness and peel strength decreased as the molecular weight and acrylic acid content of polymeric emulsifier increased, whereas the holding power increased.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

In this research, polymeric anionic surfactants having various molecular weights and acid values were synthesized using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR has an advantage of higher production rate and more constant product properties compared to batch and semi-batch reactors. The polymeric surfactants were made using butyl acrylate as a hydrophobic group and acrylic acid as a hydrophilic group. The synthesized polymeric surfactants were ionized with alkali solution and were used as an anionic surfactant. To investigate the properties as a surfactant, the properties of the synthesized surfactant, such as acid value, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and molecular weight, were measured. The results showed that the acid values of the polymeric surfactants were 60 to 380 and a number average molecular weight were 8,000 to 13,000 g/mol. Also, it was found that the CMC was around 0.01 g/ml, which showed similar level values with ordinary surfactant. To prove the performance of the polymeric surfactant, acrylic emulsion PSAs were synthesized using the acquired polymeric surfactant. The results showed that the maximum peel strength of 21.24 N/25mm when acid value was 150 and molecular weight was 8,500 g/mol. The values of peel strength and initial tack of acrylic emulsion PSAs using polymeric surfactant synthesized in this study showed much higher than those of reference PSAs synthesized using ordinary anionic surfactant, SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and SDS/TRX (Triton X-100).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2023

In this study, the O/W emulsification processes with the natural surfactants that were extracted from Medicago sativa L. and Sapindus saponaria L. as emulsifiers were optimized using the central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Herein, independent parameters were the amounts of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers (soapberry saponin/alfalfa saponin), and the emulsification time, whereas the reaction parameters were the emulsion stability index (ESI), mean droplet size (MDS), and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scanvenging activity). Through basic experiments, the ranges of operation variables for the amount of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers, and the emulsification time were 12~14 wt%, 30~70%, and 20~30 min, respectively. The optimum operation variables deduced from CCD-RSM for the amount of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers, and the emulsification time were 13.2 wt%, 44.2%, and 25.8 min, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the expected values of the ESI, MDS, and antioxidant activity were 88.7%, 815.5 nm, and 38.7%, respectively. And, the measured values of the ESI, MDS, and antioxidant activity were 90.6%, 830.2 nm, and 39.6%, respectively, and the average experimental error for validating the accuracy was about 2.1%. Therefore, it was possible to design an optimization process for evaluating the O/W emulsion process using CCD-RSM.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.657-661
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• 2003

Pseudomonas aerugenosa BYK-2로부터 분리해낸 biosurfactant는 0.05% NaCl. pH 5에서 비교적 우수한 유화안정성을 보였고, pH 및 이온강도가 증가함에 따라 유화능 및 유화안정성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 생물유화제를 각 농도별로 첨가하여 어육소세지의 물성을 조사한 결과 0.1 % 첨가구가 deformation 9.45 mm, force는 119.2 g으로 다른 첨가구에 비해 높은 수치를 나타낸 반면, whiteness는 생물유화제를 첨가하지 않은 것에 비해서 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 천연 유화물과 타 유화제의 첨가에 따른 어육 소세지의 물성에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해 각각 또는 복합적으로 첨가하여 물성과 색차를 측정한 결과 천연유화물의 고유한 색깔로 인해 whiteness는 감소하였으나, deformation이 다른 유화제에 비해서 월등히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, force 값 또한 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 2009

To study the optimal synthesis conditions of aqueous acrylic adhesive using emulsion polymerization, the effects of monomer, surfactant and initiator on the adhesive properties, such as conversion rate, particle size, peel strength, and glass transition temperature, were investigated. 2-EHA, n-BA and MMA were used as main monomers, 2-HEMA and AAc as functional monomers, SLS as surfactant and APS as initiator, respectively. The conversion rate was over 95% at 3.75% surfactant(SLS/monomer), 0.612% initiator(APS/monomer) and $82^{\circ}C$ reaction temperature. When the excess amount of surfactant or initiator was used, the peel strength represented decreasing tendency. The maximum conversion rate and peel strength were obtained at 65% 2-EHA/monomer, 20% BA/monomer, and 10% MMA/monomer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.679-688
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• 2000

Dispersants, which are used to break water-in-oil emulsions and to remediate oil-spills, are another water pollutants. In this study, magnetic separation technology was applied to remove dispersants from the sea. Magnetite and maghemite were used as magnetic sorbents and SDDBS, an anionic surfactant and Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant, were employed as dispersants. Batch experiments were undertaken to study the sorption capacity and sorption equilibrium, and water-bath experiments were conducted to simulate the real situation and to describe the recovery of magnetic particles by the permanent magnet or electromagnet. Maghemite has rather constant removal efficiency for dispersants, regardless of surfactant species. On the other hand, removal efficiency by magnetite is higher for anionic surfactant than maghemite and is higher in distilled water than in seawater which contains more ions. The sorption of dispersants to magnetite is explained by electrostatic attraction and that of maghemite is described not only by electrostatic attraction, but also by structural characteristics that provide high sorption ability and surface condition. Water bath experimental results showed that recovery efficiency of magnetic particle after sorption for dispersants is nearly 100%. It is suggested that this magnetic separation technology is an effective way of dispersant removal because of short operating time, high sorption capacity, and high recovery efficiency of sorbents.