• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.276-296
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• 1990

This study attempts to investigate several enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal epithelia of the Korean snakes (Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonotum Rhabdophis tigrina tigrina, Enhydris rufodorsata, Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, Agkistrodon saxatilis, Agkistodon calginosus). For a light-microscopical examination of immunocytochemistry, the paraffin sections (5 $\mu$ m) of tissue specimens taken from the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract were stained immunocytochemically by PAP procedure with 10 antisera. The frequency of enteroendocrine cells per unit area (mm$^2$) of each mucosa were counted and the shapes of the cells were observed. In Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum, Rhobdophis tigrina tigrina, Enhydris rufodorsata, Agkistrodon saxatilis and Agkistrodon caliginosus, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and serotonin cells were observed. But the freuqency of these immunoreactive cells differ trom each portion of gastrointestinal tracts of all species, respectively. In Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, CCK-8, gastrin and serotonin cells were observed. CCK-8 and serotonin cells were found in whole gastrointestinal tracts and gastrin cells were observed in pylorus and mucosa of small intestine. The frequency of these cells was different from each portion. The shapes of CCK-8, gastrin, PP and serotonin cells were pyramidal or oval and closed type in stomach. A large number of these cells were spindle in shape and open type in small intestine and anterior pant of large intestine, whereas some cells were closed type. In posterior part of large intestine and rectum, these cells were oval in shape and closed type.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2000

The diagnosis in Oriental medicine is done by inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, four diagnostics of pulse feeling and palpation, and various system of identification like identification according to Qi(vital energy), Xue and body fluids, identification according to fair principles, identification according to principles of Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue, identification according to Sanjiao(the triple heater), identification according to four type physical constitution. Sometimes, symptoms and diagnosis techniques according to symptoms is selectively applied for the diagnosis. Among them the pulse feeling and palpation diagnosis technique using the sense of finger and palm of the hand is divided into feeling of pulse and palpation and pressing maneuver. Pressing maneuver is a diagnosis technique pressing and rubbing the affected part in order to attain data of identification including inside and outside condition of the body with regard to the nature, condition and relative seriousness of disease. There are palpation of the skin, palpation the hand and foot, palpation the chest and the abdomen, palpation shu points in pressing maneuver. The diagnosis of the Back Shu points is a technique to examine the change of disease condition from pressure ache, spontaneous ache, tension, relaxation, solidification revealed through channels and collaterals. I investigates starting disease and an attack of disease of twelve pulse and pulse condition through the study relative to the substance and technique of pressing maneuver, and adjusts diagnosis techniques of a region for acupuncture and matters to be attended. The conclusions are as follows. 1. The Shu or stream points in which pathogenic factors go are important to medical treatment of dormant diseases like bowels disease, cold symptom complex and insufficiency symptom complex. 2. Disease classified by system is diagnosed by the condition of process part like pro-trusion, cave-in, tension, relaxation, pressure ache through palpating the Shu or stream points, that is pressing upward or downward left and right sides of the backbone process by hands. 3. In real clinic pressing maneuver of one's back side is very important to patient's diagnosis treatment. Thus, pressing maneuver of one's back side have to be done without omission. 4. Diagnosis must be accomplished through the perception about the diversity of diagnosis technique of bowels disease, the exact knowledge about pressing maneuver of one's back side for enlargement of treatment range and rising of treatment rate, and pressing maneuver of the Shu or the stream points.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.986-994
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• 1999

This study was carried out (a) to investigate the variations of blood chemistry and (b) to examine the secretion trend of endocrine substances in a dog model after electroacupuncture and laser stimulation at different time period(9 to 11a.m. and 6 to 8p.m.). Two acupuncture points ; Da Zhui(GV-14) and Shen Shu(BL-23) were electroacupunctured for 20 minutes with 2Vol, 20Hz and irradiated for 5 minutes with 8,000Hz. Before stimulation and after a lapse of time(10-minutes, 30-minutes and 60-minutes) all dogs were checked the following parameters ; cortisol, ACTH, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, Ca, P, SGPT, SGOT and creatinine. The results were as follow : The levels of cortisol and ACTH have been increased 10 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The higher levels of cortisol and ACTH have been decreased to keep the normal levels from 30 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC showed the physiological phenomena in the electroacupuncture and laser stimulation. In sero chemical analysis, calcium, phosphate, SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels were within normal physiological ranges.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1976

$M_4$-LDH isozyme was partially purified from the skeletal muscle of Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus. The protein was injected into rabbits and the resulting antiserum was tested for reactivity with crude preparations of LDH isozymes of fifteen vertebrate species. Antisera against $M_4$-LDH isozyme of A. blomhoffii brevicaudus reacted very strongly with the LDH isozymes, except the $H_4$-LDH isozyme, of A. saxatilis and A. caliginosus but weakly with those of Rhabdophis tigrinus at fixed conditions. A. caliginosus showed a difference in the immunodiffusion test and was considered to be a species less related to others of genus Agkisrodon. The suggestion that the H and M lactate dehydrogenase subunits are immunclogically distinct has been reaffirmed in the present study.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1973

MDH and LDH isozymes of various tissues of serveral snakes which belong to Colubridae, Crotalidae and Viperidae were studied. MDH isozymes were appeared as two bands in all species. Four LDH isozymes were found inall species of Colubridae, Crotalidae and Viperidae. LDH isozymes of muscle and liver had fundamentally the same pattern. On the other hand, there were two LDH isozymes in the heart of all species and the pattern of heart LDH isozyme was reverse of the pattern in muscle. The pattern of LDH isozymes of stomach tissue can be thought as the same pattern with that of heart in all species, but in the stomach tissue of Crotalidae and Viperidae there were four LDH isozymes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.203-210
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• 2005

Objective : This study is present studies of Definition and Acupuncture Treatment of Biaoben (標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街). Methods : We studied oriental medical books and joumal related with Biaoben(標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街). Results & Conclusions : 1. Theory of Biaoben (標本), Geungyul(根結) and kika(氣街) is a ground of remote acupuncture point needling. 2. Ben(本) and Geun(根) at distal part of limbs have effect a disease of haed, face, chest and back.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2000

There is a acupuncture method which make a difference according to the four seasons, according to body region or depth in skin. We call it Acupuncture follow the four seasons(四時刺法). In several chapters of Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) introduced Acupuncture follow the four seasons. Acupuncture follow the four seasons has two kinds of acupuncture method that is to acupuncture at body region and to acupuncture at five Su points(五兪穴). To use five Su points(五兪穴) according to Yongchu(靈樞) disagree with Nanjing(難經). In Yongchu(靈樞), the five phases property disagree with five Su points(五兪穴), but in Nanjing(難經) the five phases property agree with five Su points(五兪穴). Even if we can acupuncture the same point, there will be the different effect according as what is the purpose of doing acupuncture, and when we do acupuncture. That is to say, we can use apucupuncture for the purpose of prevention in Yongchu(靈樞), and for the purpose of healing the disease in Nanjing(難經). Therefore, because we select the point on the base of meridian Kis origin which spring out, we have to acupuncture Chong point(井穴) in winter according to Yongchu(靈樞). Because we select the point on the base of meridian Kis origin which flowing, we have to acupuncture Chong point(井穴) in spring according to Nanjing(難經). And in the base of five phases' property, the purpose of selecting five Su points(五兪穴) is the prevention according to Yongchu(靈樞), and the healing according to Nanjing(難經). So even though we acupuncture the exactly same Chong point(井穴), we can expect the effect that acupuncture method supply Ki for liver in winter. and the effect that it extract pathogenic Ki(邪氣) from the liver in spring.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 1992

A proteolytic enzyme was purified from the tissue extract of spargana (plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei) by DEAE-Trisacryl M ion exchange chromatography and thiopropyl-sepharose affinity chromatography resulted in a 21-fold purification. The proteinase activity was assayed with a synthetic fluorescent substrate, carbobensoxy-phenylalanyl-7-amiso-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin. SDS-polyacplamide gel electrophoresis of the purified materials revealed a single 28,000 dalton band. Inhibitor profiles of the band indicated that it belonged to cysteine endopeptidases. It exhibited identical pH curves with optimum at pH 5,5, and 50% activity from pH 4.7 to 8. It could completely degrade collagen chains to three identical products. It also showed some activity on hemoglobin. Furthermore, the band on immunoblots was reactive to the sera of sparganosis patients. These results suggest that the proteolytic enzyme belongs to cysteine proteinase which plays a role in the tissue penetration. Also it may be used as the antigen for diagnosis of active sparganosis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.349-353
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• 1999

The genus Stereum is consisted of species having smooth, binucleate amyloid spores, pseudocystidia and dimitic basidiocarps without clamps. There are five recorded species of Stereum in Korea. Through the specimen examination of Seoul National University Fungal Collection, five more species of Stereum, S. subtomentosum, S. peculiare, S. sanguinolentum, S. striatum and S. complicatum, were confirmed as unrecorded species to Korea. They are registered here with Korean names as well as English descriptions and a key to Korean Stereum species is attached together.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2000

Objective : Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli have long been used to cure human diseases. However, the exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved remain undiscovered. Thus, many attempts have been made to show the scientific mechanisms involved. The effects of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture, which was known to date, as follow; effective circulation of body blood system and proliferation of leucocytes. Methods : In this study, we have applied acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli to mouse on Sinsuhyul, a stimulative point of oriental medicine, to see effects on the expression of cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for inflammation induction and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using each primer set were performed to trace the amounts of mRNA. Results : 1. $IL-1{\beta}$ was not expressed in LPS-nontreated mice at 15 to 60 min after acupuncture-stimuli. However, expression occurred after 3hrs. 2. $IL-1{\beta}$ was specifically expressed in LPS-treated mice at 30 min after acupuncture-stimuli. 3. $IL-1{\beta}$ was expressed in LPS-nontreated mice at 30 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli, however, not expressed at 60, 180 min. 4. $IL-1{\beta}$ was gradually expressed in LPS-treated mice at 15 to 180 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli. Conclusions : $IL-1{\beta}$ in LPS-treated mice was more effective than that of LPS-nontreated mice. We are now in the process of elucidating the immunological action mechanism of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli. And cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$ can be used not only as a basis of the effects of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture but also as a diagnosis guide through the immunological actions of those.