• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.475-485
• /
• 2011

Lake Sihwa has a very unique watershed environment, surrounded by industrial, urban and rural catchment area with different land use. The first flush phenomenon was investigated in 3 catchment area. 4TG, representing the industrial area, shows rapid discharges of highly concentrated pollutants during the early stages of a storm and it is indicating a strong first flush effect. At AS, representing the urban area, the pollutant concentration reached its peak approximately 2~3 hours after the start of storm, which is a strong first flush effect did not appear. JJB and MS represent the rural areas, the PEMC analysis results suggest that highly concentrated pollutants were discharged during the middle and latter stages of a storm, instead of early pollutant runoff due to the effects of rainwater runoff.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2008

The runoff coefficient for a block paved area is determined with regional rainfall distribution. The Rational Method is a basic equation of a drainage system design and is a function of runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity and area. A runoff coefficient is the ratio of rainfall intensity and runoff. The rainfall intensity which is a function of the return period and rainfall duration differs by region. Therefore the runoff coefficient varies regionally even though there is the same return period and rainfall duration. The ratio of rainfall intensity and rainfall duration is decided by the loss of rainfall. The constant infiltration capacity of Horton's equation is adopted to determine the loss of rainfall. As time passed, the joint of the block paved area through which the infiltration occurs is covered by pollution material, sandy dust, pollen and is hardened by foot pressure, so the constant infiltration capacity may decrease. Six different sites were selected to verify the assumption of the constant infiltration capacity decrease and 10 year return period. 10, 20, and 30 minute rainfall duration were applied to calculate rainfall intensity. The results indicate that the Horton's constant infiltration capacity decreases over time and the minimum constant infiltration capacity is selected to compute runoff coefficients. The runoff coefficients varied by region ranging from $0.94{\sim}0.84$ for 10 minute of rainfall duration.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2015

A conceptual watershed model HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) was applied to the Hwangryong river watershed to evaluate climate change effects on pollution loads of the river. For modeling purposes, the Hwangryong river watershed was divided into 7 sub-watersheds. The model was calibrated and validated for the river discharges against the data observed in 2011 at several monitoring stations. The RCP scenarios were set up for the model simulations after being corrected by change factor method. The simulation results of the RCP 4.5 scenario indicate that the annual river discharge and concentrations of BOD, TN, TP of the Hwangryong river will continually increase during the second-half of the 21st century. As for the RCP 8.5 scenario, the simulations results imply that the pollution loads will increase during the middle of the 21st century reflecting the pattern of precipitation. Monthly distributions of the pollution loads for the RCP 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 scenarios show it will increase the most in September and February, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.50 no.11
• /
• pp.759-767
• /
• 2017

Two main parameters of NRCS-CN method are curve numbers and intial loss ratio. They are generally selected according to the guideline of US National Engineering Handbook, however, they might cause errors on estimated runoff in Korea because there are differences between soil types and hydrological characteristics of Korean watersheds and those of United States. In this study, applying asymptotic CN regression method, we suggested eight modified NRCS-CN models to decide optimum runoff estimation model for Korean watersheds. RSR (RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) were used to evaluate model performance, consequently M6 for gauged basins (Avg. RSR was 0.76, Avg. NSE was 0.39) and M7 for ungauged basins (Avg. RSR was 0.82, Avg. NSE was 0.31) were selected. Furthermore it was observed that initial loss ratios ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 were more adequate than the fixed ${\lambda}=0.20$ in most of basins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2008

This study analyzed the characteristics of sea water transport between Busan New-port and the Nakdong River estuary. A current meter was placed on a pier bridge and the current velocity was analyzed to determine the flow direction. Water temperature, salinity, turbidity, and tide were also measured to determine the characteristics of sea water and to describe the tidal current between the two regions. The results indicated that the dominant outflow direction of the ebb tidal current was from the Nakdong River estuary to Busan New-port. Conversely, during a flood tide, the dominant direction was from Busan New-port to the Nakdong River estuary. The maximum current speed during the first and second field measurements was about 13.18 and 30.80 cm/ sec, respectively. During the first field measurement, the total volume of sea water transport was $184.71\;m^3/sec$ and the residual volume transport was $+59.74\;m^3/sec$. By contrast, during the second field measurement, the respective values were $331.15\;m^3/sec$ and $28.88\;m^3/sec$.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2008

This study analyzes the characteristics of material transportation between Busan new-port and Nakdong river estuary. Measurements of water temperate, salinity, turbidity, and tide is also analyzed to determine the characteristics of sea water and described the tidal current between two regions. For the purpose of indicating characteristics of tidal current numerical modeling is used. From the observed results, the total volume transport of sea water calculations revealed $184.71m^3/sec$ and residual volume transport was $(+)59.74m^3/sec$ during the 1st field measurement, and the total volume transport was $331.15m^3/sec$ and residual volume transport was $(-)28.88m^3/sec$ during the 2nd. The numerical simulation for three different topography cases are calculated. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The volume of material transportation about $0.7\sim18.4%$ is decreased as the depth of Busan new-port decrease (10 m). 2) The volume of material transportation about $3.5\sim21.9%$ is increased, as channel(water depth is 5 m) constructed to the Nakdong river estuary direction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.39 no.10 s.171
• /
• pp.867-880
• /
• 2006

Hydrological models with many parameters and complex model structures require a powerful and detailed model calibration/validation scheme. In this study, we proposed a multi-variable and multi-site calibration and validation framework for the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model applied in the Gap-cheon catchment located downstream of the Geum river basin. The sensitivity analysis conducted before main calibration helped understand various hydrological processes and the characteristics of subcatchments by identifying sensitive parameters in the model. In addition, the model's parameters were estimated based on existing data prior to calibration in order to increase the validity of model. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and correlation coefficient were used to estimate compare model output with the observed streamflow data: $R_{eff}\;and\;R^2$ ranged 0.41-0.84 and 0.5-0.86, respectively, at the Heuduck station. Model reproduced baseflow estimated using recursive digital filter except for 2-5% overestimation at the Sindae and Boksu stations. Model also reproduced the temporal variability and fluctuation magnitude of observed groundwater levels with $R^2$ of 0.71 except for certain periods. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of multi-variable and multi-site method provided high confidence for the structure and estimated parameter values of the model.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 2006

유비쿼터스 환경은 네트워크로 상호 연결된 디바이스들이 사용자의 상황을 인식하여 언제, 어디서나 사용자가 원하는 정보를 자동적으로 제공할 수 있는 환경을 말한다. 그러나 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에서 시,공간의 제약 없이 정보에 접근할 수 있다는 것은 다른 환경에서보다 더 많은 보안 기술이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유비쿼터스 기반 하에서 개인 정보에 대해 기밀성과 무결성을 유지하면서 사용자가 원하는 정보를 자동적으로 인식할 수 있는 접근방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 기존 RBAC에서 확장한 Context Roles를 정의하여 접근을 통제하였고 복수 정책(Multi-Policy)으로 개인 정보 및 역할 데이터 Object에 대해 제약을 두어 데이터 접근 시 상황정보에 따라 보안 등급을 지정하여 역할 정보에 대한 유출을 막는데 목적을 두었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.830-834
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형의 경안천 유역에 대한 적용을 퐁하여 유출 및 유사 모의와 관련된 주요 매개변수들을 보정하고, 보정된 모형 매개변수를 적용하여 검증을 수행함으로써 모형을 이용한 국내 유역에서의 유역 유사량 해석 가능성을 평가하였다. 특히, 유사 측면에서는 충분하지 못한 자료로 인하여 모형 보정만을 수행하였고, 비록 정량적인 모의에 있어서는 정확성이 다소 떨어지지만, 정성적인 경향은 잘 모의할 수 있었다. 또한, 유사 거동의 공간적인 분포 특성을 파악하기 위해 소유역 크기 및 토지이용에 따른 비유사량을 산정하여 검토함으로써, 유역내 소유역 면적별 비유사량의 일정한 관계를 파악할 수 있었고, 토지이용별 침식 영향을 판단할 수 있는 개략적인 평가를 할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.889-893
• /
• 2006

현재 우리나라는 유역전반에 걸쳐 얼마나 많은 유량이 사용되고, 어디에서 사용되며 저류되어 있는지, 생태유지 등을 위해 얼마나 많은 유지 유량이 필요한지, 현재 어느 정도의 유량이 확보되어 있는지 등에 대한 검증된 자료들이 전무한 실정으로 향후 수자원 관리에 있어서 효율적 관리가 매우 어려운 입장이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 21세기 프론티어 사업의 일환으로 수행중인 '유역 물관리 운영 기술 개발' 과제를 통해 산출된 금강유역의 소유역별 용수이용량 및 유출량 자료 등을 토대로 소유역별 시공간적 물이용 상황을 파악하고 물 관리 지표들을 산정함으로서 효율적인 운영이 가능하도록 하고자 Water accounting을 실시하여 시공간적 Water accounting지수를 산정함으로서 효율적인 운영이 가능하도록 하고자 한다.