• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.460-465
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• 1990

Regeneration of protoplast was effective by preincubating spore suspension containing 30$\mu g$/ml of 2-DG for 4 hours, and CBE medium containing casamino acid, bovine serum albumin, ergosterol and myoinositol was found to be more efficient than any other regeneration medium tested in this experiment. The regeneration frequency was about 30%. Optimal conditions for conidial protoplast fusion were obtained by treatment of protoplasts with 10 mM $CaCl_2$ and 30% polyethylene glycol 4000 (pH 7.5) as fusogenic agent at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The fusion frequency was $8.2\times 10^{-4}$. The higher productivity of enzyme of fusant FWN-56 was achived: 2.3-fold for CMCase, 1.5-fold for avicelase, 1.8-fold for $\beta$-glucosidase and 2.5-fold for xylanase compared to that obtained in two parental strains. The genetic stability of fusant after maintenance on minimal medium for more than 4 weeks was high because segregant rate was below 1%. The conidial DNA content of fusant was 1.4-1.6 times higher than that of the parental strains, The nucleus size of fusants were also higher than that of each parental strains.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 1998

Interspecific hybrids between Aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae and Penicillium chrysogenum (Tyr$\^$-/), high alkaline protease producing fungi, were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from the wild type Aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae strain were transferred into auxotrophic Penicillium chrysogenum mutants and selected the new strains showing an increased protein degrading capability. Maximum production of protoplasts were obtained by 1% Novozym 234 at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and the most effective osmotic stabilizers for the isolation of protoplasts were 0.6M KCl. Frequencies of hybrid formation by nuclear transfer were 1.3${\times}$10$\^$-3/∼2.8${\times}$10$\^$-3/. They could be suggested as an aneuploid by the observation of genetic stability, conidial size, DNA content, and nuclear strain. The hybrids showed 1.1～2.2 fold higher alkaline pretense activities than parental strains.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an optimal design method for a dual reflector antenna(DRA) using the Genetic algorithm. In order to reduce the computational burden during the optimal design, we exploit the iterative physical optics(IPO) to calculate the surface current distribution at each reflector antenna. To improve the accuracy, we consider the shadow effect by the structure and the coupling effect by the multi-reflection based on the iterative MFIE(Magnetic Field Integral Equation). To reduce the number of design variables and generate a smooth surface, we use the Bezier function with the control points, which become the design variables in this paper. We adopt the HPBW(Half Power Beam Width), the FNBW(First Null Beam Width), and the SLL(Side Lobe Level) as the objective or cost functions. To verify the results, we compare them with the those of the commercial tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 1996

This project was to investigate cerebrovascular disease incidence relation to alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and family disease history in the family members of normal and cerebrovascular disease patients, besides patients themselves. Alcohol consumption in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients was significantly higher, especially in male with thirties, forties and fifties, than those of normal. Mean of daily cigarette smoking in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients was found to be significantly higher, especially in males with forties and fifties, 1]lan those of normal families. Mean of monthly income of normal subjects was significantly higher than those of cerebrovasndar disease families(normal: $673, 000\pm$ 187, 000 won, cerebrovascular: $483, 000\pm213, 000$ won). A degree to be attacked with cerebrovascular disease was very higher in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients than normal family. Such cases were much higher in father side than in mother side.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of recently developed specific formulas for phenylketonuria(PKU) patient by observing the growth and developmental pattern and serum phenylalanine level. Methods : We observed 14 patients diagnosed with PKU at Soon Chung Hyang University Hospital fed with formula for 1 year by checking daily diet diary and plasma aminoacids, Hb, Hct, WBC, Platelet count, ferritin, GOT, GPT, protein, albumin, globulin and urinalysis. Results : The 14 patients all liked the formula and height, weight and head circumference showed normal growth. Hemoglobin levels were in normal range, but 4 out of the 14 patients showed ferritin level lower than 12 ng/mL and needed iron supplements. Serum albumin, liver enzyme levels, urinalysis showed within normal range. The plasma phenyalanine levels were normal ranged 0.7-15.6 mg/dL. Adverse reactions such as rash, diarrhea or constipation were not observed. Conclusion : We confirmed that the specific formulas for PKU patients developed in Korea, PKU-1 and PKU-2 showed favorable results In development and treatment of PKU patients and could be used safely to children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2003

Purpose : Nosocomial infection with Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin resistant S. aureus, has become a serious concern in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study is to investigate the virulence factors, and the relationship between the antibiotic resistance and the associated genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal cavity of neonates. Methods : Fifty one isolates of S. aureus were obtained from nasal swab taken in 28 neonates in the NICU and nursery of Pusan National University Hospital between February and May, 2001. They were tested in regard to antibiotic susceptibility, coagulase test and typing, plasmid DNA profile, as well as reactivity to enterotoxin A-E(sea, seb, sec, sed, see) genes and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1(tst) gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Associated genes such as mecA, mecR1, mecI, and femA were also determined by PCR. The origin of MRSA strains was assessed using DNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction(AP-PCR). Results : Twenty three(45.1%) and six(11.8%) isolates were resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin respectively. Multidrug resistance to three or more of the antibiotics tested was observed in 51.0% of the isolates. Forty two isolates were coagulase positive and twenty two isolates had mecA gene. Sixteen isolates had both mecA and femA genes and had type I-III plasmids. 64.7% of isolates carried sec gene, and 80.4% carried tst gene. DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR for 12 MRSA strains showed 10 distinct patterns, suggesting different origins. Conclusion : We confirmed that the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus, especially vancomycin resistance, is very high in neonates who were admitted in NICU and nursery. It is possible that these pathogens are responsible for serious nosocomial infections in neonates. The need for improved surveillance and continuous control of pathogens is emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

This study was deal with the development of breed-specific DNA marker which is able to identify Hanwoo and European cattle breeds(Non-Hanwoo) meat. Genetic differentiation between Korean cattle(Hanwoo) and European cattle breeds was examined by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. The RAPD patterns were identical among Non-Hanwoo, such as Holstein, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Brown Swiss, Limousin or Simmental, but the above pattern was different from that of Hanwoo. All bands detected in the Hanwoo samples were observed in Non-Hanwoo cattle samples, but one of the common bands found in samples was not detected in the Hanwoo samples. The band(1.4kb) may be useful as a marker for identifying a meat of Hanwoo from imported cattle meat. Actually, the detection of the DNA marker was tested by DNA analysis with 929 samples which were prepared from bloods of 673 Hanwoo cattles and 141 Holstein cattles, from 115 imported cattle meats. The DNA marker was absent in 644 of 673 Hanwoo cattles (96%) but present in 245 of 256 Non-Hanwoo cattles (95%). These results show that the DNA marker is effective to characterize Hanwoo and Non-Hanwoo meat by its detection. This DNA marker, however, was not useful in detecting unwanted crossbreeding between two cattle breeds, because the band pattern in hybrid cattle shows one of two band patterns in Hanwoo and Non-Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.648-654
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• 2011

Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, produces a wide array of toxins, which causes various types of disease symptoms. Prevalence of S. aureus in various foods collected during 2006-2008 in Korea was investigated. S. aureus was isolated from 275 of 5,186 (5.3%) food samples collected from hyper-markets in Korea. Seasonal temperature affected the prevalence of S. aureus in various foods with high isolation rate during the summer. Most of the enterotoxigenic strains produced enterotoxin A only or enterotoxin A in combination with another toxin. A total of 54.5% of the tested strains contained either one or more enterotoxin genes and 3.6% possessed a tst gene. This study offers basic information for securing the stability of food during storage and circulation, and provides an epidemiological tool to study the cause, origin and temporal spread of S. aureus food poisoning.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2000

Reproductive cycle of U. unicinctus was studied from September 1998 to August 1999, using gonadosomatic index (CSI) as an indicator. In November, the CSI values were maximum for male (6.2) and female (7.0), respectively; the values were lowest for them (1.0 and 0.5) during the successive february. Subsequently, they rapidly increased and attained peak by March-April. The values decreased again in both sexes and remained unchanged until August. The index increased in October to attain the peak by November. The CSI values clearly indicated that there are two spawning events in a year, namely the first one during April-May and the second one in December. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, multipication (January~February, June ~Setember), maturation (March~April, November), spent (May and December), degeneration and resting (June and January), and in male, multiplication January ~ february, June ~September), maturation (March~April, October~November), spent (May and December) and degeneration and resting (January and June). Histological observations revealed that oocytes in the ovary matured simultaneously in November and March. At the same time, the envelopes of matured testis became thinner than those in the early stage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2007

We examined the expression patterns of the chicken TCs(tentative consensus sequences) originated from GermOnline genes in various chicken tissues, applying information from GermOnline to chicken organisms. 42 TCs among 84 chicken homologous TCs from the pool of 84 genes related to germ cell lineage in mouse(10), rat(71) and human(3) had high homology based on a BLAST search. Of these, Hmgcs2 and Sycp3 was shown to be expressed in a testis- specific manner and a reproductive organ(testis and ovary)-specific manner, respectively, by RT- PCR analysis. Crmp4, Cyct, Ldhc, Epha7, Pcsk4 and Dnmt3a are expressed in brain, testis, and ovary. The characterization of chicken genes originated from GermOnline in this research may give an enormously useful source of information related to germ cell development.