• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2020

Firms perform various actions that affect management performance measurement by managing the volatility and capital cost of reported income through income smoothing. This study attempted to analyze with a focus on the relationship between managerial competence and income smoothing. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze and focus on the relationship between managerial competency and profit softening using a measure of managerial competency presented in Demerjian et al. (2012). The results of the analysis are as follows. It was confirmed that there was a significant positive relationship between manager ability and income smoothing at the 1% level. When managers make income, it can be interpreted that managers with superior ability can make profits better by accurately predicting the future. It is the same result as the expectation of this study that managers with excellent ability have high incentives to soften profits by reducing profit volatility through more accurate forecasting. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed that managers with excellent abilities are more effective in implementing income smoothing strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2006

Most conventional database systems support specific queries that are concerned only with data that match a query qualification precisely. A cooperative query answering supports query analysis, query relaxation and provides approximate answers as well as exact answers. The key problem in the cooperative answering is how to provide an approximate functionality for alphanumeric as well as categorical queries. In this paper, we propose a metricized knowledge abstraction hierarchy that supports multi-level data abstraction hierarchy and distance metric among data values. In order to facilitate the query relaxation, a knowledge representation framework has been adopted, which accommodates semantic relationships or distance metrics to represent similarities among data values. The numeric domains also compatibly incorporated in the knowledge abstraction hierarchy by calculating the distance between target record and neighbor records.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.25-56
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 경기순환이 심한 대규모 장치산업에서 투자행동을 어떻게 하는 것이 경기순환의 악영향을 최소화하면서 수익성을 극대화시키는가를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 대규모 장치산업에서는 호황기에 투자가 집중되는데, 완공까지 걸리는 시간 때문에 적정 수준을 넘어 투자가 이루어지고 이것이 다시 불황기를 불러옴으로써 경기순환이 반복된다. 위와 같은 장치산업의 특성을 반영하여 산업 동태모형을 구성하고 다양한 전략들에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적인 투자행동 방식인 시황순응 투자는 경기순환에 따른 수익의 부침을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 그것을 지속시킨다. 둘째, 가동률의 신축적 조절이나 설비구축기간의 단축과 같은 유연화 전략은 수익성의 제고와 수익 안정화에 크게 기여한다. 셋째, 수요가 정체된 시장에서는 일정한 투자가 바람직하고, 수요가 성장하는 시장에서는 시황에 역행하는 투자가 바람직하다. 결국 경기순환이 존재하는 산업에서는 유연화 전략 및 변형투자 전략을 통해서 투자행동을 경쟁업체들과 비동기화 시키는 것이 바람직하다.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.11
• /
• pp.255-276
• /
• 1998

This study investigates whether listed companies change accounting methods primarily to smooth reported earnings and income taxes, and how the informations of accounting changes affect stock prices. The information of accounting changes includes tax savings, income smoothing, and tax smoothing. The results show that accounting changes are used as an income or tax smoothing instrument(device) in the listed companies which changed their accounting methods from 1991 to 1996. Also, those have a tendency to smooth income and tax simultaneously by accounting changes. Tax savings, income smoothing, and tax smoothing variables by accounting changes are irrelevant to stock prices. Income smoothing variable has a positive association with stock returns in the periods that the abnormal returns cumulated over four months. But tax smoothing variable has a negative association with stock returns in the same periods. More studies on the firms' accounting changes are needed to get a definitive conclusion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.143-166
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to empirically test whether occupational welfare in Korea would have grown since the mid 1990s. The result of this study showed that after the IMF fiscal crisis, the policies of labor flexibility in labor market initiated flexible forms of employer-provided benefits, including cafeteria plan or profit-based funds, which finally led to a decline of occupational welfare rather than a growth. Existing studies haven't agreed on trade-off of statutory and voluntary social provisions since the crisis of welfare state. However, based on the case of Korea, this study suggested archetypal development of welfare system experiencing a decline of occupational welfare paralleled with a growth of state welfare provision.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 1999

Mixed-firing of a bituminous and an anthracite coal carried out in a batch fluidized bed combustor(0.109 m-I.D., 0.9 m-height). Effect of particle size an mixing fraction of anthracite and bituminous coal combustion characteristics were studied. The temperature profiles and pressure fluctuation properties were measured to interpret the combustion characteristics in a batch fluidized bed combustor. The used domestic anthracite coal has heating value of 2010 kcal/kg and the imported high-calorific bituminous coal has heating value of 6520 kcal/kg. The combustion characteristics in a batch fluidized bed combustor could be interpreted by using pressure fluctuation properties and temperature increasing rates. It was found that the optimum anthracite mixing percentage could be predicted analyzing the combustion rate and fluidization characteristics, The optimum mixing fraction was about 30 %. The different burning region of fluidized bed combustor was measured by temperature increasing rates.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12A
• /
• pp.1861-1868
• /
• 2000

실시간 응용 프로그램은 미디어 데이터간에 만족되어야 할 동기화 제약조건(synchronization constraints)을 가지고 있다. 이러한 제약조건을 프리젠테이션 되어야 할 미디어 데이터간의 지연시간 및 서비스 품질을 나타낸다. 미디어 데이터간의 지연시간 및 서비스 품질을 효율적으로 표현하기 위해서는 이에 적합한 새로운 동기화 기법이 요구된다. 동기화 기법은 미디어의 재생시 끊어짐이 없는 유연한 재생을 처리하는 기법이다. 제안된 기법은 사용자 측면에서 엄격한 재생을 위하여 프레임을 생략하는 것보다는 부드러운 영화를 볼 수 있도록 유연한 재생 처리를 한다. MMSM(MultiMedia Synchronization Model) 모델의 동기화 기법은 종 미디어 스트림을 부드럽게 재생하는 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.365-397
• /
• 1997

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.25
• /
• pp.129-163
• /
• 1995

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2001

최근의 대형 디젤 엔진은 고성능, 고효율 및 제작비용 절감 등의 요구에 따른 경량화, 유연화 추세로 설계되고 있는 한편, 엔진 자체에서 발생하는 고유의 큰 기전력 (가스폭발력, 왕복동 관성력, 각종 우력) 때문에 항상 진동 문제에 노출되어 있다. (중략)