• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.287-287
• /
• 2011

모니터링 자료의 부족으로 인하여 다양한 토지이용에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 현재 환경부에서는 현행 토지계의 원단위를 세부적으로 분류하여 재산정하기 위하여 지목별로 장기 모니터링이 수행되고 있다. 특히, 산림 지역의 경우 도시 및 축산지역에 비하여 강우유출수의 농도는 낮더라도 유량적인 측면에 보았을 때 전체 수계에 대한 부하량 기여도는 매우 높다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 장기모니터링의 일환으로 산림지역에 대한 비점오염물질 유출 특성을 파악하기 위하여 모니터링 및 분석을 실시하였으며, 이러한 결과는 향후 비점오염원 평가기반을 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구는 활엽수지역을 대상으로 2010년 4월부터 10월까지 총 16회에 걸쳐 모니터링이 수행되었으며, 시료의 성분 변화를 막기 위해 냉장기능이 있는 자동채수기를 이용하여 시료를 채취하였다. 수질분석항목은 BOD, COD, DOC, SS, T-N, $NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N, T-P, $PO_4$-P로 총 9가지 항목을 분석하였다. 강우사상에 대한 모니터링 결과, 총강우량은 7.0~76.5mm, 강우지속시간은 1~30hr, 평균 강우강도는 0.88~18.50mm/hr의 범위를 보이고 있으며, EMC(Event Mean Concentration, 유량가중평균농도)결과 BOD는 0.4~2.4mg/L, T-N은 1.156~14.777mg/L, T-P는 0.009~0.562mg/L인 것으로 나타났으며, SS는 1.8~71.9mg/L 로 비교적 높은 값을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 농도 변화 및 유출경향의 패턴을 볼 때, 유량이 증가함에 따라 농도도 점점 증가하여 첨두유량이 발생된 후 감소하는 경향을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 우리나라의 경우, 시험유역을 대개 산지 소유역에 설치하는 경우가 많아서 일반적으로 지연시간이 짧은 경우가 많기 때문에 이 지역 역시 강우가 내린 후 계류유출량의 증가에 영향을 주는 강우의 유출속도는 비교적 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 단기 수문곡선상에서 강우량이 많을 시 유출이 빠르게 일어나 첨두 유량에 도달하는 시간이 짧고, 강우량이 적을 시에는 첨두 유량의 출현시간이 늦어지는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.147-163
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare precipitation distributions in precipitation data sets over South Korea produced by three interpolation methods. The differences of precipitation caused by interpolation methods is an important information when the interpolated precipitation data sets were used in researches such as ecological and hydrological modeling as well as regional climate impact studies. In this study, the precipitation data sets were produced by IDW(Inverse Distance Weighting) and Cokriging in this study and the PRISM(Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data set obtained from Climate Change Information Center of Korea. The spatial resolution of the precipitation data is 1km. As a result, there was a great precipitation difference caused by interpolation methods in data of mountainous watersheds in general. Especially the difference of monthly precipitation was 10~20% or more in the mountainous watersheds near the Military Demarcation Line dividing North and South Korea, Mt. Sobaik, Mt. Worak, Mt. Deogyu, Mt. Jiri and Taeback Mountain Range. It means that a final result of a research can be affected by adopted interpolation method when an interpolated precipitation data set is used in the research for the these study sites.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.6_4
• /
• pp.1351-1361
• /
• 2019

In this study, the annual surface soil erosion amount of before (2007 year) and after (2015 year) the river improvement projects were calculated using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) in the Geumgang basin (Daecheong-Dam to Geumgang Estuary-Bank). After the results were classified into five classes, the results were compared and analyzed with the results of the change in the land cover. In order to generate each factor of RUSLE, various spatial information data, such as land cover maps for 2007 and 2015 years, national basic spatial information, soil map, and average annual precipitation data were utilized. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1) annual surface soil erosion in the study area increased the area of class 1 in 2015 years compared to 2007, 2) the area of class 2, 3 and 5 decreased, 3) the area of class 4 increased. It is believed that the average annual amount of surface soil erosion decreased in most areas due to the reduction of annual average precipitation, the formation of ecological parks, the expansion of artificial facilities, and the reduction of illegal farmland.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2001

According to the change of stream power/resisting power relationship due to the crustal movement or the climatic change, most channel landforms which reflect the equilibrium state of fluvial system are eroded and a part of them is remained as a river terrace. In many rivers in Korea are extensively distributed the relatively younger low river terraces. But their accurate formation mechanism is not known. In this paper, the formation processes and the dating of low river terraces distributed in Nakdong River basin will be investigated. Stream power of the downward erosion was revived because the sea level fell down. So stream power was superior to the resisting power under the cool-wet climatic condition during the last glacial period. Thus the river bed was excavated deeply, so that low river terraces were built up. And many incised meander loops were cut during this period. But, when fluvial system did not have equilibrium over all reaches, the last glacial period ended and the sea level initiated to rise rapidly. The headward erosion from the fall of sea level during the last glacial period had kept up to Hagye Fall because of the cutting of incised meander loops. Deeply excavated valleys and abandoned channel of cut-meander in lower reaches of a stream were filled with sediments. Thus the longitudinal profile of the uppermost reaches reflect the last interglacial, the upper reaches the last glacial, and the middle/1ower reaches recent fluvial system. Therefore low river terraces have been formed since the last glacial period.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2014

This paper aims to calculate the increase in groundwater quantity following groundwater dam construction, and to assess its impact on surface water. In the study area of Osib-cheon, Yeongdeok, we estimated groundwater quantity, groundwater level, and effective porosity, and examined surface water fluctuations with respect to the increased groundwater quantity based on the flow duration. The results reveal that the increased groundwater quantity was at most $91,746m^3$ in the total drainage basin of the groundwater dam, and the reduced groundwater quantity was at most $11,259m^3$ in the lower zone of the groundwater dam. Therefore, the total groundwater resources secured was $80,487m^3$ and the decrease in groundwater quantity was just 12.27% of the amount of increase. There were changes in discharge rate by up to $3.00{\times}10^{-2}m^3/s$, as deduced from an analysis offlow duration as a result of groundwater dam construction. The overall difference between before and after construction of the dam was almost insignificant compared with the previous dam. The present results indicate that dammed groundwater can serve as an alternative water resource with sufficient quantity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.320-320
• /
• 2012

수문학적 의미의 일반적인 물순환은 증발, 응결, 강수 등 태양에너지와 중력에 의해 전지구적으로 반복되는 물의 재생산과정을 의미한다. 최근 들어 토목분야에서 언급되기 시작한 물순환시스템은 수문학적인 물수지(water balance)에 저류, 공급, 처리, 재이용 등 인공적인 요소를 감안하여 대상지역의 적절한 수요, 공급을 유지하는 시스템을 의미한다. 생활에서 물이 차지하는 중요성을 감안할 때, 지역의 수문학적 특성과 문화, 경제적 여건을 고려한 효율적인 물순환시스템의 구축은 지역발전의 정도를 가늠할 수 있는 지표라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 물산업 선진국인 영국과 미국의 지역 물순환시스템 설계사례를 조사하고 초기단계인 국내사례와 비교하여 향후 설계지침 개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행되었다. 선진사례 조사는 2009년 이후 미국과 영국에서 수행된 세 건의 물순환 현황조사(water cycle study)와 미국에서 개발된 설계최적화 프로그램을 분석하였고, 국내사례로는 파주운정지구와 광교신도시 개발 시 수행된 물순환시스템 구축사례를 조사하였다. 해외 선진국 사례조사 결과, 물순환시스템 구축은 공통적으로 물순환망 현황조사, 물순환 계획수립, 지역현황 조사, 적용가능 기술조사, 설계 등 5단계를 거쳐 수행되었다. 이 중 가장 중요한 단계는 지역의 물수지와 가용 물 수요 및 공급 시스템을 조사하는 물순환망 현황조사로, 지역의 needs를 정확히 파악하고 양적, 질적 공급목표를 적절하게 선정하여 가장 효율적인 물순환망 계획을 수립하는 바탕이 되었다. 지역현황은 지역 법규 및 투자계획, 사회변화 예측 등 사회적 요소를 고려하는 단계로, 물순환 설계 선진사의 설계 최적화 프로그램의 경우 이러한 지역현황과 사회적 변화 예측의 반영에서 차별성을 갖고 있었다. 적용가능 기술조사의 경우 친환경, 저에너지 기술이 부각되던 추세에서 최근에는 지속가능성이 주요 고려사항 이었다. 국내사업 사례의 경우 규모가 작아 직접적인 비교가 불가하였으나, 5단계의 복잡한 최적화단계가 아닌 물순환망 분석결과와 이해당사자(stakeholders)의 needs를 바탕으로 치수안정성, 친수환경 보장 등의 목표를 수립하였다. 국내에서도 향 후 유역규모(watershed scale)의 대형 물순환기반 복합개발사업이나 대규모 해외사업 참여 시 필요한 기술력 축적의 차원에서 단계별 check list를 포함한 한차원 높은 물순환 설계지침 마련이 필요한 시점이라 하겠다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.431-431
• /
• 2016

J 호소는 1942년도에 충청남도 아산시 선장면에 설치된 농업용 저수지로서, 현재 COD, TN, TP 모두 등급외의 수질상태를 보이고 있다. J 호소 상류 유역은 축산농가가 다수 위치하고 있으며, 설치된 지 70년이 지난 노후화된 저수지로 고농도의 오염물질 유입뿐만 아니라 호소 바닥의 오염 퇴적물에 의한 내부 부하가 중요한 수질오염원이 되고 있다. 호소의 수질은 현재 COD 10.6~16.5 mg/L, Chl-a $75mg/m^3$ 이상으로 수질오염도가 매우 높으며, 특히 늦봄에서 초가을까지 외기온도 상승 및 저수율 저하와 함께 부영양화 증가, 녹조 대발생 등으로 호 내 물고기 대량 폐사 및 악취발생 등으로 민원이 다수 발생하고 있다. 이러한 현상의 직접적인 원인은 수중의 DO 농도 결핍이며, 따라서 수중의 DO 농도를 일정수준 이상으로 유지시켜 주는 것은 호소 수질관리를 위해 매우 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 공기 중의 산소를 호소 수체에 포기시켜 주는 마이크로버블 발생장치를 J 저수지에 설치하여 수체의 DO 농도 변화 등을 분석하였고, 본 연구결과는 농업용 호소의 수질개선을 위한 기술개발 및 계획수립의 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 마이크로버블 포기장치는 수심이 약 4m 되는 저수지 제방 근처에 100m 간격으로 총 3지점에 설치하였다. 버블 발생기는 기액 2상류 선회형 마이크로 버블 발생장치로 3지점에 각 1set(1set에 3기로 구성)씩 구성하여 저수지 바닥 층에서 상부로 1m 떨어진 지점에 고정식으로 설치하였다. 총 공기흡입량은 380 LPM이며, 사용동력은 12.2kW를 사용하였다. 마이크로 버블 포기장치 설치 후 호 내 DO 농도 변화를 평가하기 위하여 호소 전체에 18개 지점을 선정하여 수심 50cm 간격으로 DO 농도를 측정하였다. 가동 전에는 DO 평균농도가 표층에서는 약 7.7mg/L로 나타났고, 수심에 따라 거의 수직적으로 감소하여 바닥층에서는 약 0.2mg/L로 거의 무산소 상태를 보이고 있었다. 마이크로 버블 가동 2주 후에는 수심 3m까지의 모든 수층에서 DO 농도가 약 6.0mg/L 이상을 보였고, 바닥층에서는 DO 약 3.4mg/의 농도를 나타내었다. 가동 3주 후에도 2주 후와 비슷한 수치를 보이고 있었으나 가동 4주가 지나면서부터는 호소 바닥층(수심 3.5m)에서도 DO 농도가 7.0mg/L 이상의 높은 농도를 유지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 호소 저층에서 호기성 상태의 지속적 유지는 퇴적 오염물질이 수층으로 용출되는 것을 예방할 수 있으므로 마이크로버블을 잘 활용하면 호소의 악취제거 및 수질개선에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2008

In this study, we developed a technique of applying DRASTIC, which is the most widely used tool for estimation of groundwater vulnerability to the aqueous phase contaminant infiltrated from the surface, and a groundwater flow model jointly to assess groundwater contamination potential. The developed technique is then applied to Buyeo-eup area in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The input thematic data of a depth to water required in DRASTIC model is known to be the most sensitive to the output while only a few observations at a few time schedules are generally available. To overcome this practical shortcoming, both steady-state and transient groundwater level distributions are simulated using a finite difference numerical model, MODFLOW. In the application for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability, it is found that the vulnerability results from the numerical simulation of a groundwater level is much more practical compared to cokriging methods. Those advantages are, first, the results from the simulation enable a practitioner to see the temporally comprehensive vulnerabilities. The second merit of the technique is that the method considers wide variety of engaging data such as field-observed hydrogeologic parameters as well as geographic relief. The depth to water generated through geostatistical methods in the conventional method is unable to incorporate temporally variable data, that is, the seasonal variation of a recharge rate. As a result, we found that the vulnerability out of both the geostatistical method and the steady-state groundwater flow simulation are in similar patterns. By applying the transient simulation results to DRASTIC model, we also found that the vulnerability shows sharp seasonal variation due to the change of groundwater recharge. The change of the vulnerability is found to be most peculiar during summer with the highest recharge rate and winter with the lowest. Our research indicates that numerical modeling can be a useful tool for temporal as well as spatial interpolation of the depth to water when the number of the observed data is inadequate for the vulnerability assessments through the conventional techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.2
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by type of forest from June to August, 2009 in three stands (Castanea crenata, Pinus densiflora and Plantation Land) of Samgye-ri Naedong-myeon Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do. The pH of stream water in three stands was highest in Pinus densiflora (pH 7.18) followed by Castanea crenata (pH 6.90) and Plantation land (pH 6.90) while the electrical conductivity of stream water was highest in Plantation land followed by Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand was the lowest. Cations contents of stream water in three stands were high in order of $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, and $NH_{4}{^{+}}$. But anions of stream water in Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand were high in order of $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $Cl^{-}$ and $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ while those of stream water in Plantation land were high in order of $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ and $C\lambda^{-}$. The stream water in three stands was significant at pH, EC, $NO{^{3-}}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$, TNU and Color by duncan test. These results indicate that quality of stream water have a difference among three stands. The level of pH, $NH_{4}{^{+}}$, $Cl^{-}$, $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$ and $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ of stream water in three stands were within the domestic use standard for drinking water. but turbidity and color of stream water were more than that of domestic use standard for drinking water. Therefore, non-point sources like urban forest watersheds which are soil erosion and fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures if they are to be used as source of drinking water.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.671-687
• /
• 2022

It has been reported that about 47% of groundwater wells within 10 km from the coastline in the western/southern coastal areas of Korea were affected by seawater. It has been interpreted that the cause of groundwater salinization is seawater intrusion. The Gilsan stream in the Seocheon area was a tidal stream until the Geumgang estuary dam was constructed and operated. Therefore, it is likely that the Gilsan stream catchment was deposited with sediments containing high-saline formation water prior to the use of landfill farmland at this catchment area. The groundwater in this study area showed EC values ranging from 111 to 21,000 µS/cm, and the water quality types were diverse including Ca(or Na)-HCO₃, Ca(or Na)-HCO₃(Cl), Na-Cl(HCO₃), Na-Cl types. It is believed that this diversity of water quality is due to the mixing of seawater and fresh groundwater generated by infiltration of precipitation and surface water through soil and weathered part. In this study, we discussed whether this water quality diversity and the presence of saline groundwater are due to present seawater intrusion or to remnant high-saline pore water in sediments during flushing out process. For this, rain water, surface water, seawater, and groundwater were compared regarding the water quality characteristics, tritium content, oxygen/hydrogen stable isotopic composition, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio. The oxygen/hydrogen stable isotopic compositions indicated that water composition of saline groundwaters with large EC values are composed of a mixture of those of fresh groundwater and surface water. Also, the young groundwater estimated by tritium content has generally higher NO₃ content. All these characteristics showed that fresh groundwater and surface water have continued to affect the high-saline groundwater quality in the study area. In addition, considering the deviation pattern in the diagrams of Na/Cl ratio versus Cl content and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) versus Cl content, in which two end members of fresh surface-ground water and seawater are assumed, it is interpreted that the groundwater in the study area is not experiencing present seawater intrusion, but flush out and retreating from ancient saline formation water.