• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

This study was performed to weigh the average meal portion sizes served for preschoolers by kindergarten teacher. The subjects were 53 teachers from 8 kindergartens, which are random sampled by meal service number. Using the weighing method assessed the meal portion sizes of food items at lunch. The data was complied by performing $\chi^2-test$ using SPSS WIN 11.0. The result was as followed: 98.0% of teacher agreed with the meal service because of 'better food habit and table etiquette'(68.0%), 'health promotion with balanced diet'(22.0%), 'owing to extending school time'(6.0%) and 'demand of parents'(2.0%). Preschooler eat lunch at class (84.9%) and meal serving size was decided by teacher (79.2%). Teachers thought that they know very well about portion size 3.8%, 96.2% of teacher thought that they don't know much about portion size. Portion size were not significantly different by food tray types but there was much different (almost 100%) compared with minimum and maximum within dishes. Most average portion size was not met dietary reference intake except cooked rice, soups and fish cutlet. Working experience effected on portion size. More served, more working experienced of teacher. For example Bulgogi was served 26.8 g by teacher who has over 6 years working experience compared with 2-6 years (20.4 g) and less than 2 years (17.1 g) (p < 0.01). Spinach portion size was significantly different by teacher's working experience (p < 0.01). Portion size were not significantly different by preschooler's age. The reference of dietary for preschooler was different by age, but teachers served meal by their experience. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to educate meal portion size for kindergarten teacher who take charge in meal serving. To provide guidance to teacher about reasonable portion sizes for preschoolers, teacher need to take nutrition education about meal service and child nutrition in college. This study would be useful to those who plan meals for preschoolers and to researchers studying dietary intakes of preschooler.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.244
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• pp.14-15
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• 1998

도서관을 찾는 사람은 늘고 있으나, 읽는 책은 베스트셀러에 한정됐다. <출판저널>이 '독서의 달'을 맞아 전국 도서관 사서들을 대상으로 도서관 이용자의 독서경향에 대해 설문조사한 결과, 교육환경의 개선과 IMF여파로 이용자 수는 증가했으나, 도서구입예산과 독서 프로그램 부족으로 도서관에서 이뤄지는 독서는 문학 등 특정 분야에 편중되고 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 학생들의 대출 건수는 꾸준히 늘어 강화군립도서관만 하더라도 전체 대출의 55%가 학생이다. 다른 도서관도 사정은 같아 학생들이 하교하는 오후 시간대에 가장 이용률이 높다. 최근에는 실직인구가 늘면서 성인 남자의 이용률도 높아졌다. 오미순 사서(해운대도서관)는 "IMF 여파로 취업.창업 관련서의 이용률이 늘고 있으며 그 이용자 대부분은 성인"이라고 밝혔고 성은정 사서(부여도서관) 역시 "IMF사태 이후, 성인 남자들의 이용률이 높다"고 응답했다. 하지만 문제는 도서관이 보유한 책이 베스트셀러에 국한돼 다양한 독서가 이뤄지지 않는다는 점. 조사결과, 이용자들은 <아리랑>, <하늘이여 땅이여>, <남자의 향기>, <토지> 등을 많이 찾는 것으로 집계됐다. 심지어는 로맨스소설이나 무협소설이 청소년들의 읽을거리로 제공되는 실정. 사정은 특수도서관도 마찬가지다. 어린이도서관의 경우, 어린이.성인 모두 문학류를 많이 찾고 점자도서관의 경우, 전체대출 중 80%가 소설류다. 구본일 사서(강화도서관)는 "예산이 부족해 이용자들이 많이 찾는 베스트셀러를 중심으로 구입할 수밖에 없다"고 밝히고 "다양한 책을 갖출 수 있도록 도서구입비 확충이 시급하다"고 주장했다. 또 알맞은 독서 프로그램이 없는 점도 이용자들의 베스트셀러 편중현상에 한몫을 담당했다. 진재호 사서(광주도서관)는 "과거보다 독서생활화가 고조됐지만, 양서를 읽는 독서문화의 부족"을, 김선연 사서(어린이도서관)는 "유아시절부터 성인까지 자연스레 고전을 읽게 하는 제도적 장치의 확충"을 지적했다. 한편 월평균 대출권수는 대도시 지역의 경우 11,000-45,000권, 그 외 지역은 1,600-6,000권, 특수도서관은 어린이도서관이 55,000권, 전화나 우편으로 대출하는 점자도서관이 650권이다. 관내열람만 허용되는 사회과학도서관은 월평균 이용자가 7,676명으로 대학생.대학원생.교수 등이 전체의 68%를 차지한다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2009

In this study, the hazard rate of the indoor environment of Children's Educational Facilities in Seoul was conducted, in order to determine how the indoor environments of these facilities, where infants and children spend the most time of their away from home day, can effect their health. The way of measurement and analysis were done according to the Indoor Air Quality Standard Method, and the Risk Assessment was accomplished with several significant ways - Hazard Identification, Exposure Assessment, Dose-response Assessment, Risk Characterization, which are deighed by National Research Council (NRC). On each exposure factors, documentary and questionary research such as Epidemiological study and Toxicological study were conducted. The result of the CTE (Central tendency exposure) of Formaldehyde and Benzene by Monte-Carlo simulation was $6.79{\times}10^{-6}$, $2.50{\times}10^{-7}$ which in the case of Formaldehyde exceeded the permitted standard ($10^{-6}$) of the US EPA. The RME(Reasonable maximum exposure) was $7.31{\times}10^{-5}$, $2.65{\times}10^{-6}$ which did not exceed $10^{-4}$, the maximum permitted standards in the US EPA.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.423-430
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• 2017

The purpose of research is analyzing the ecological variables on the effect of child care teacher's happiness. The data was collected by the survey of the happiness factors and ecological variables of child care teachers. The results are listed below. First, of organismic variable, the age and the educational background of child care teacher showed discrimination one's happiness. Second, of micro system variable, the marital status is the only thing that affect the happiness. Third, of meso system variable, the teachers who are highly interact on each other such as, child to teacher and parents to teacher are much happier than others. Finally, of the outside system variable, the teachers who are working at the better working environment and good quality of duty are much happier than others.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.357-372
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• 2012

Existing e-learning systems not only require complex admission processes but also do not give stepwise education methods according to individual learners' characteristic. These circumstances cause learners to lose educational interest so that their educational efficiency decreases. In particular, the present e-learning systems do not provide educational approaches suitable for infant and elementary children. Under this system, the e-learning education for children does not proceed completely without guardians. To solve this problem, we design and implement an English e-learning system for elementary children based on friendly and comfortable user interfaces. For children, the proposed system reflects their age and individual interesting per each e-learning stage. This system supports both the Web application platform and smart phone application platform for various client requirements. The proposed system manages 3 classes as English learning content. Learners can experience their own English e-learning course in each class, which is compiled by current educational ability. In addition to the general functions in e-learning system, the proposed system develops content buffering algorithm to reduce data traffic in server.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.261-292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explain the process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers with young children. The study participants were 16 mothers with young children. The data were collected through the interviews which were conducted during 10 months from March, 2013 to December, 2013. The Data were analyzed according to a grounded theory methodology. The process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers included 4 stages, which are as follows. 'Following inseparated social desire and demands', 'Looking around my desire and children's happiness', 'Rearranging interlacing desire' and 'Going to find my children's happiness and my happiness'. And the stages were interacting mothers'time perspectives and diverse ecosystems. Based on the results, the study discussed the characters of interaction on time perspectives and parenting, and discussed influences of meaning construction on happiness.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated 5-year-old children's developmental levels for creative and social personalities according to gender, and whether participation in STEAM-based unplugged robotic activities can improve their creative and social personalities. Methods: Participants were 5-year-old children (N=125) from 11 child care centers. The experimental group included 29 boys and 24 girls enrolled in classrooms that implemented an unplugged activities curriculum over five weeks. The control group consisted of 38 boys and 34 girls. Data were analyzed using a t-test and analysis of covariance, and Hedges' g was used to measure effect size. Results: First, the participating children's mean scores on creative and social personalities were 3.20 and 3.53 on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively. Girls scored higher than boys in sensitivity-various interests and imagination-playfulness domains of creative personality and all three domains of social personality. Second, children in the experimental group showed improvement in all domains of social personality and the effect size was large. They also improved in three domains (openness-humor, imagination-playfulness, independency-immersion) of creative personality, although the effect size was small. Conclusion/Implications: The results imply that implementing a robotics curriculum with unplugged play activities in early childhood classrooms contributes to 5-year-old children's development of creative and social personalities.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

This paper develops a logical simulation method for by dyversity of situations. Most existing systems, for example, games and infant tutoring systems lead users to virtual environment with unfolding situations, but are not designed to induce the change of the environment itself. In this paper, a logically simulated environment is created by defining situations and single events based on situation hierarchy structure. We elaborate the occurrence of events by classifying the causality. The occurrence or natural phenomena is dictated by physical laws and natural phenomena are expressed as the transition of the event based on event association. Specifically we define the source of the event for natural phenomena and we consider the existence of objects as a primary factor in event occurrence. The advantages of this approach include the reuse of events, that is, different events can be generated in the same flow with fresh conditions. This allows us to implement a more practical and logical environment. A drawback to this method is the difficulty in dividing a situation into events. The proposed method was implemented in the context of the change of season among natural phenomena.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of young children's learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on academic abilities. The sample consisted of 310 children from 7 child-care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. All variables were measured by the teachers and the mothers of surveyed children. The instrument included the Korean Child Development Inventory(K-CDI) for 4 to 6-year olds and Preschool Learning Behavior Scale(McDermott et al 2000) and the questionnaire on mother's involvement about their children's education. The collected data was analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regression using the SPSS Program. The findings are as follows. First, regardless of the family income level, verbal comprehension and numerical abilities were positively associated with their learning-related skills of young children. Second, the interaction effect of learning-related skills and the mothers' involvement on verbal comprehension of young children in the low-income families was observed. However, no interaction effect was seen in terms of learning-related skills and the maternal involvement on verbal comprehension and numerical abilities of young children in the high-income families. These findings highlight the importance of learning-related skills and their mothers' involvement during the preschool period for the low-income family in improving the early academic achievement.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

The research aimed at analyzing how the differences between teachers' personal backgrounds (age, teaching experience, educational background, position) and experiences with the mentee and the mentor affect their awareness on the mentor qualifications for the mentoring program conducted by infants' educational organizations. By fulfilling the purpose of the research, proper qualifications for a mentor of outstanding abilities, which would be desired by teachers in infant educational organizations, should be established while preliminary data on the mentor teacher training to improve the professionalism of a mentor is expected to be provided. The research was carried out targeting 319 teachers in infants' educational organizations located in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do. The measuring instrument used was a recognized survey on how the mentor qualifications for the mentoring conducted by infants' educational organizations. The survey consisted of 22 questions. The researcher personally designed the survey based on results generated from preliminary research. SPSS 14.0 was used to analyze selected data as average, standard deviation and one-way layout dispersion. In addition, a post-analysis on the one-way layout dispersion was conducted via the Scheffe posteriori test. The results demonstrated that the mentor qualifications for the mentoring were differently recognized by teachers in infants' educational organizations according to both teacher's personal backgrounds (age, teaching experience, educational background and position) and experiences with the mentee and the mentor.