• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-66
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• 1993

The successful management of logistics in an organization requires the careful coordination and manipulation of both movement and storage. In this study, we can show what is the most efficient and the cheapest method to transport the petroleum products under a few constraints with the model of linear programming. And also, the model can give some important informations so as what is the best coverages of each terminals by types, how many products should be exchanged among each companies and which terminals or complexes are economically prior to the others. Even we can understand that the duality is one of the useful measures to evaluate the economical efficiencies of transportation and storage related elements such as complex and terminal location, transport mode, storage tankage capacity and in/outflow facilities of terminals etc.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2022

Biomass is a sustainable alternative resource for production of liquid fuels and organic compounds that are currently produced from fossil fuels including petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Because the use of fossil fuels can increase the production of greenhouse gases, the use of carbon-neutral biomass can contribute to the reduction of global warming. Although biological and chemical processes have been proposed to produce petroleum-replacing chemicals and fuels from biomass feedstocks, it is difficult to replace completely fossil fuels because of the high oxygen content of biomass. Production of petroleum-like fuels and chemicals from biomass requires the removal of oxygen atoms or conversion of the oxygen functionalities present in biomass derivatives, which can be achieved by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Hydrodeoxygenation has been used to convert raw biomass-derived materials, such as biomass pyrolysis oils and lignocellulose-derived chemicals and lipids, into deoxygenated fuels and chemicals. Multifunctional catalysts composed of noble metals and transition metals supported on high surface area metal oxides and carbons, usually selected as supports of heterogeneous catalysts, have been used as efficient hydrodeoxygenation catalysts. In this review, the catalysts proposed in the literature are surveyed and hydrodeoxygenation reaction systems using these catalysts are discussed. Based on the hydrodeoxygenation methods reported in the literature, an insight for feasible hydrodeoxygenation process development is also presented.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.469-473
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• 1998

The gasoline brands can be determined by gas chromatography. However, determining from the differences in chromatograms is sometimes ambiguous because the gasoline composition is becoming similar from refinery to refinery due to stringent regulations for the protection of the atmospheric environment. To determine the gasoline brands of five refineries in Korea, we have obtained and compared IR spectra of polymeric dispersants which are added to gasoline at several hundreds of ppm levels. Since the deposit control additives used by the five refineries in Korea are different from one another, it is possible to determine the gasoline brands by comparing their IR spectra. A strong and broad C-O stretch absorption peak appears at $1,096cm^{-1}$ for the additives used by A, B, and C refineries, which renders an easy differentiation of the additives from those of D and E refineries. The differentiation of all five gasoline brands are possible due to the characteristic vibrations present in each additive.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the dangers of biodiesel and general diesel mixtures currently used as alternative fuels by equipment (tag method and penski Marten method) and to determine the difference between flash point and combustion point (closed, open) according to test methods. It is intended to be used as a reference material for identification and evaluation of firecausing substances by confirming the risk of mixtures by comparative analysis and measurement, and establishing a risk assessment method for chemical substances. Method: Flash point test method and result treatment were tested based on ASTM and KS M mode, which are tag sealing and pen schematense test methods used as flash point and combustion point test methods for crude oil and petroleum products. The manufacturer of the equipment used in this experiment was a test equipment that satisfies the test standards of KS M 2010 with equipment produced by TANAKA of Japan. The flash point and combustion point were measured, and the flash point according to the test method of biodiesel and general diesel mixture ( Closed, open), and the ignition point of a mixture of biodiesel and general diesel was compared and analyzed for ignition risk compared with conventional diesel. Results: Looking at the experimental results, first, as an analysis of the risk of flammability of the mixture, the flash point of a substance containing 70% biodiesel was found to be about 92℃ based on general diesel with a flash point of 64.5℃, and gasoline and biodiesel or When the biodiesel mixture was synthesized, it was confirmed that the flash point tends to decrease. In addition, the difference between the flash point and the combustion point was analyzed as about 20 ~ 30℃, and when a small amount of gasoline or methanol was mixed, the flash point was lowered, but it was confirmed that the combustion point was similar to that of the existing mixture. Conclusion: In this study, in order to secure the effectiveness of the details of the criteria for judging dangerous materials in the existing Dangerous Materials Safety Management Act, and to secure the reliability and reproducibility of the judgment of dangerous materials, we confirm the criteria for judging the risk of the mixture through an experimental study on flammable mixtures. It will be able to provide reference data for experimental criteria for flammable liquids that are regulated in the field. In addition, if this study accumulates know-how on experiment by test method, it is expected that it can be used as a basis for research on risk assessment and research on dangerous goods.