• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2006

In the past, most patient of breast cancer suffered side effects due to the useless removement of Axillary Lymph Node, but there is no need to remove it because of the result in this study. The purpose of this study is to save surgery time and side effects after surgical operation for patients with breast cancer by making decisions of operation range for metastasis in first Stenosis Lymph Node using the $^{99m}Tc-Tincolloid$ Scintigraphy and the Micro Probe for radioisotope. As a result of this study, 15 among 20 patients became objects of this study could reduced side effects for operation because there were no axillary lymph node operations. However there is no standard for method of this treatment. It should be standardize where inject point is, how much $^{99m}Tc-Tincolloid$ should be injected(radioactivity value), and the need of massage and Lymph Scintigraphy. Nevertheless I think that this result of study is useful to reduce suffering and side effects from breast cancer and also we should try to do that continuously. The objects for this study were 20 patients diagnosed as breast cancer by Ultrasonography, Mammography & Biopsy. The average of patient age was 45.4 years and its range was between 31 and 71 years. In case of clinical period there were 9 patients of Period I and II patients of Period III. The equipment for this study were $^{99m}Tc-Tincolloid$ describing the Stenosis Lymph Node as a tracer, Micro Probe : Neoprobe 2000(the rest is Gamma Probe) tracing the location, and MS-II Gamma Camera : SIEMENS(the rest is MS-II Gamma Camera) describing the images. There were 3 methods for this study, after selecting one of those methods all 20 patients were performed Stenosis Lymph Node diagnosis & Gamma Probe in operation room. The result was that I imaged all the 20 patients, and seek the Stenosis Lymph Node by using Gamma Probe. Metastasis in Stenosis Lymph Node was 5 and Metastasis in Axillary Lymph Node was 3 between Metastasis in Stenosis Lymph Node cases. Finally 15 patients were also proved that Axillary Lymph Node was Positive and that means there was no Metastasis in Axillary Lymph Node.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.240-246
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of foot massage as a nursing intervention on preoperative anxiety, depression and sleep satisfaction in patients with breast surgery. Method: Research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Forty-one patients were assigned to the control group (21) and the experimental group (20). The patients answered a questionnaire containing measures of anxiety, depression and sleep satisfaction before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Chi-square test, and t test using the SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Anxiety and depression for the experimental group were significantly lower than those for the control group(t=2.556, p=0.008, t=2.932, p=0.006). Sleep pattern of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=2.313, p=0.013). Conclusion: Judging from these results, it is suggested that foot massage might have beneficial effects on reducing preoperative anxiety, depression, and increasing sleep satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.170-178
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to develop a breastfeeding promotion program and to test effects of the program on levels of breast discomfort, breast size, sodium in breast milk, and type of feeding in mothers with breast engorgement following cesarean birth. Methods: A non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The participants were 70 postpartum mothers who were admitted to a postpartum care center and experienced breast engorgement following cesarean birth. The planned nursing intervention was the breastfeeding promotion program consisting of breast massage and 1:1 breastfeeding education, counseling, and support focusing on individualized problem solving provided for 10 days. Fifty-three women completed the program (experimental group 26, control group, 27). Measurements were level of breast discomfort, breast size, sodium in breast milk and type of feeding at pre and posttest. Results: Women who participated in the program experienced lower scores for breast discomfort, greater decrease in breast size, lower levels of sodium in breast milk, and practiced breastfeeding more than those in the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that this breastfeeding promotion program is effective in reducing breast engorgement and improving breastfeeding practices, and is therefore recommended to enhance breastfeeding promotion practice in postpartum care centers.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-45
• /
• 2005

많은 암 환자들이 보완대체의학(CAM)의 치료법을 이용한다. 의사들은 보완대체의학 치료법에 대한 권위 있는 정보들을 이를 찾는 환자들에게 책임 있는 조언을 줄 수 있기 위해 필요로 한다. 이 글은 암 환자에게 일반적으로 사용되는 선택된 보완대체의학 치료법의 효과와 안정성에 대한 최근의 증거를 요약했다. 식이요법과 보조식품, 한약 및 기타 생약제재, 침, 마사지, 운동, 심리 및 심신의학 등의 주요 카테고리가 포함되었다. 효과의 증거에 대한 '가능한 질병진행과 생존율에 대한 효과' 및 '가능한 완화효과'의 두 가지 범주가 고려되었다. 안전성의 증거를 평가하는데 있어 '직적접인 부작용의 위험'과 '통상적 치료법과의 상호작용에 의한 위험'의 두 가지 위험 요소가 고려되었다. 각각의 치료에 있어 효용성과 안정성에 대한 현재의 균형은 이 치료법이 적절히 권고가 되고 수용되어지거나(예를 들어 유방암과 전립선암을 가진 영양 섭취가 충분한 환자의 식이지방 감소) 억제되는 것을(예를 들어 과량의 비타민 A 보조제) 제시한다. 이러한 전략은 보완대체의학의 치료법을 찾는 암환자들에게 책임 있고 근거중심적이고 환자중심적인 조언을 제공하는 것을 발전시킬 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of manual lymph drainage (MLD) on women with breast cancer and lymph edema. Methods: This study was carried out with a total of 23 women with breast cancer and lymph edema. By drawing lots, women were assigned to either the manual drainage group (MLD, n=12), a control group (n=11). Outcomes such as the arm size, visual analogue scale, shoulder pain and disability index, and functional assessment cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) were measured to 0 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks intervention for both groups. Results: A significant difference was found in the arm size, pain, functional disability level, and quality of life between the two groups and time(p<.01). Significant difference in functional disability level between 2 and 8 weeks at 4 weeks and 8 weeks for pain(p<.01), and the quality for life was significantly different at all time points (p<.01). Conclusions: Applying MLD treatment to women with breast cancer proved to have a positive effect.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2006

This study, a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. conducted a survey on 30 patients test group and control group of IS patients sampling an adjacent population at random - who are operated on the breast cancer and are in the A University Hospital located in Suwon, to examine into the effects of foot reflex zone massage on their pain and sleep satisfaction through the nursing interventions. It gave them a foot reflex zone massage for the total 30 minutes-basic massage 10 minutes and reflex massage 20 minutes required to alleviate their pain day in day out covering a two-month period from the first of July to the first of September 2004. for the purpose of collecting data. It launched into a two-round foot reflex zone massage at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomy through a direct visit at the hospital room to measure pain intensity, physiological index(pulse and blood pressure) and sleep satisfaction of them. The results are as follows. First, it showed that there is all the difference between pain intensity of test group and that of control group. In result, the first hypothesis, pain of test group. which measure at 6(p=.000) and 24 hours(p=.001) since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Second, it showed that there is all the difference between physiological index of test group and that of control group. In result. the second hypothesis, pulse(p= .025, p= .002), systolic blood pressure(p= .004, p=.012) and diastolic blood pressure(p=.004. p= .003) of test group, which investigate at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Third, it showed that there is a significant difference between sleep satisfaction of test group and that of control group(p=.000). In result, the fourth hypothesis, sleep satisfaction of test group. which examine in the morning after mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. In the result. a foot reflex zone massage is seen to be effective in the pain reduction and sleep promotion of patients who are operated on breast cancer, and in providing them with more qualitative care by improving confidence between them and nurses through a physical touch. Also, it can be applied to a clinical examination through an independent nursing intervention.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.204-216
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of foot reflexology on pain and mood in patients who have just had a mastectomy. The research design was a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The participants for this study were 28 patients with breast cancer on first or second day after mastectomy surgery. The first 12 patients were assigned to the control group and the second 16 to the experimental group. The study was conducted from October 28, 2001 to December 22, 2001 on a surgical unit of Y Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Pain intensity, blood pressure, pulse rate and mood were measured as dependent variables. The instrument used for pain intensity and mood was a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Cronbach alpha for this study was .70. For the experimental group pre and post tests were done immediately before and 15 minutes after completion of foot reflexology. Foot reflexology was performed once for 20 minutes. After the pretest, patients in the control group were instructed to have a quiet time for a 35 minute period and then the post-test was done. The number of participants was small so the data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results of this study are as follow : 1. In the experimental group there were significant decreases between the pre and post tests for pain intensity (z=-3.47, p<.001), diastolic blood pressure (z=-2.67, p<.01) and pulse rate (z=-3.44, p<.001) but there was no difference between the two groups on the post test. 2. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were also not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group on the post test. 3. The mood score was significantly improved after foot reflexology(z=-3.52, p=.000) and the difference between the two groups was also significant (u=49.0, p=.03). In conclusion, there was a statistically significant difference in mood between the two groups, but no difference for pain intensity, blood pressure, or pulse rate. However, there were significant differences between the pretest and post-test for pain intensity, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate in the experimental group. On the basis of the above findings, this study suggests that foot reflexology can be an effective method of relieving pain and improving mood in clinical practice in women who have had mastectomy surgery.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to test the effects of Oketani breast massage on breast pain and breast milk pH of mothers, and sucking speed of neonates. Methods: A nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design was used. Postpartum mothers complaining of breast pain were recruited at a postpartum care center. The application of Oketani breast massage by an Oketani massage therapist was the experimental treatment. The control group received the conventional massage technique from a nurse at the postpartum care centre. The collected data were analysed using a $x^2$-test and a t-test with the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: The participants were homogeneous in age, gestation period, and birth weight. Breast pain (t=8.384, p<.001) was significantly relieved, and breast milk pH (t=4.793, p<.001) was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The sucking speed of the neonates in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group (t=9.920, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Oketani breast massage is effective in relieving breast pain and increasing breast milk pH as well as the sucking speed of neonates.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2009

Purpose: to apply lymph massage to the patients that contracted lymphedema after mastectomy to resolve blood congestion, stimulate circulation, and control swelling long-term. Methods: The subjects include 20 female patients that were diagnosed with breast cancer histologically and contracted lymphedema within one to two years after mastectomy. They received lymph massage from March to August, 2008. Using a measuring tape(capable of measuring mm), the arm circumference was measured in both the sick and normal arm. Only the data from the sick arm were compared before and after the treatment. The measuring points were five; the back of the hand(a certain distance[about 10cm] was set between the end of the middle finger to the center of the palm), the wrist(the smallest section), the lower arm(at a certain distance[about 10cm] from the internal bending part of the elbow), the elbow(the bending part), and the upper arm(at a certain distance[about 10cm] from the internal bending part of the elbow). Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WINDOWS Version 12.0 program. Results: There was a reduction of lymphedema observed in all the points including 10cm in the upper arm, the elbow, 10cm in the lower arm, the wrist and the back of the hand after lymph massage, and the reduction had statistically significant differences(p<.05). Conclusion: Those results indicate that lymph massage has effects on the reduction of lymphedema in the early patients that contracted it after mastectomy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate burden, job satisfaction and quality of life of nurses who take care of cancer patients. Methods: The subjects were 237 nurses working at the oncology unit of hospitals with over 500 beds in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected using questionnaire from the February to March, 2005. Data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SAS. Results: 1. The item that showed the highest level of burden was 'I feel limited even if I make efforts to reduce patients' pain. 'Burden was high in those group both who were younger than 35 years old and who had clinical experiences caring cancer patients for $3{\sim}4$ years. 2. The item that showed the lowest level of job satisfaction was 'the possibility of promotion'. Job satisfaction was high in those group both who had a spouse and were head nurses or incharge nurses. 3. The item that showed the lowest level of quality of life was 'I am physically exhausted'. Over 35 years old who had a spouse, and over 2,000,000 won monthly income made a high score in the quality of life. 4. There were negative correlations among burden, iob satisfaction and the quality of life. 5. The major factor affecting the quality of life was burden. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data for developing support system to improve nurses' work conditions and quality of life.