• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2022

This study was a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of breast massage applied to women of childbearing age with cyclic mastagia on breast pain, breast hardness, nipple extensibility, breast size, and breast blood circulation. The study participants were 54 women with cyclic mastalgia who were recruited from Medical Center C, Women's Hospital M, department stores located in City D, and Internet cafes. The experimental treatment was to apply breast massage for a total of 30 minutes, 15 minutes each to the left and right breasts during the period of cyclic mastalgia. After experimental treatment, breast pain (F=49.16, p<.001), breast hardness (Rt t=8.93, p<.001; Lt t=-10.34, p<.001), nipple extensibility (Rt t=3.58, p<.001 ; Lt t=4.66, p<.001), breast size (Rt F=60.59, p<.001; Lt F=51.05, p<.001) and breast blood circulation (Rt t=-1.30, p=.201; Lt t=-2.82, p=.007) were significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, breast massage performed in this study was effective in relieving breast pain, relieving breast hardness, and improving breast blood circulation in participants with cyclic mastalgia.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2003

Skeletal metastasis are common in terminal malignant tumor patients over 30% of incidence, but hand acrometastasis are very rare under 0.1% in terminal cancer patients. We have reported 5 cases of hand acrometastasis herewith the review of literatures. In the preterminal malignant tumor patients, sudden painful swelling on fingers and osteoporosis on X-rays are thought to be the earliest sign of hand metastasis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Purpose: Because of the anatomical characteristics, it is difficult to perform radical operation in spinal tumor. Numerous operations on primary and metastatic spinal tumor have been performed and among those total en bloc spondylectomy has produced decent clinical result. Clinical and radiological results have been analyzed based on five total en bloc spondylectomy on primary and metastatic spinal tumor. Materials and Methods: Patients included in this study were one with primary and four with metastatic spinal tumors, from June 1997 to January 2006. Two of the four were originated form kidney. One was from breast and the other one was not identified. McAfee's 4 point scale, VAS and Frankel's classification have been used as clinical assessment of pain and neurological symptoms. Clinical assessment have been conducted for every 3 months after operation including local recurrence, bone union and complications. Results: Assessment of pain decreased from average of 3 before operation to 1.6 after operation in McAfee's scale and VAS decreased from average of 9.2 to 1.6. Neurological deficit after operation improved from C to D in Frankel's category. Local recurrence has been detected on metastatic adenocarcinoma of L4 during follow up. Conclusion: Total en bloc spondylectomy is evidently useful operational method for primary and metastatic spinal tumor since it completely decompresses spinal nerves, decreases axial pain immediately and improves the quality of remaining life.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to test the effects of Oketani breast massage on breast pain and breast milk pH of mothers, and sucking speed of neonates. Methods: A nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design was used. Postpartum mothers complaining of breast pain were recruited at a postpartum care center. The application of Oketani breast massage by an Oketani massage therapist was the experimental treatment. The control group received the conventional massage technique from a nurse at the postpartum care centre. The collected data were analysed using a $x^2$-test and a t-test with the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: The participants were homogeneous in age, gestation period, and birth weight. Breast pain (t=8.384, p<.001) was significantly relieved, and breast milk pH (t=4.793, p<.001) was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The sucking speed of the neonates in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group (t=9.920, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Oketani breast massage is effective in relieving breast pain and increasing breast milk pH as well as the sucking speed of neonates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.490-493
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• 2001

A 17 year-old high school girl was admitted for anterior chest pain. Pulmonary edema and circulatory collapse progressed in spite of the medical treatment and intra-aortic balloon pump. Left ventricular assist device(LVAD, Bio-Pump, Medtronic Bio-Med, USA) was instituted under the impression of acute fulminant myocarditis. The inlet cannula was inserted in the left atrium(LA) via left submammary anterior thoracotomy. Biopsy was taken from left atrial appendage. The outlet cannula inserted to the left femoral artery using PTFE cuff. After 158 hours of extracorporeal circulation, LVAD was able to be weaned successfully with nearly normalized LV motion on echocardiogram, Coxsakievirus was identified with immunochemistry and serum neutralization test. She was discharged without any heart failure symptoms after 23 days of hopitalization.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate usefulness in diagnosing primary malignant lesion of metastatic bone tumor using $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT. Material & Methods: Retrospective analysis was executed on 5,452 patients who were taken with $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT between December 2003 and December 2007. 180 patients who had not any history of malignancy and complained musculoskeletal pain and had ill-defined osteolytic lesion in plain X-ray, were included. 96 male and 84 female were enrolled and mean age was 59.1 year old (22~90). We analyzed diagnostic accuracy, age and sex distribution of primary malignant lesion, location of metastatic lesion. Results: We could confirmed primary malignant lesion in 152 cases (84.4%). Most common malignant primary lesion was lung (28.3%), breast (18.9%) and gastrointestinal system (16.7%) and spine was the most common metastatic location of primary malignant lesion. Conclusion: $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT is a effective molecular imaging detecting primary malignant lesion in patients having metastatic bone lesion without history of malignancy.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate clinical results of the tumor prosthetic replacement for pathologic fracture of the proximal femur with extensive bony destruction due to metastatic bone tumors. Materials and Methods: From 2005 October to 2006 October, resection of proximal femur and tumor prosthesis replacement was performed for metastatic bone tumors extensively involving trochanteric area in 6 patients. The mean age of overall patients was 61(range, 48~77). Mean clinical follow up was 10.5 months (range, 6~16). Primary tumor consisted with multiple myeloma in 2 patients, lung cancer in 1, breast cancer in 1, transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in 1, unknown origin in 1 patient. $MUTARS^{(R)}$ proximal femur (Implantcast, Munster, Germany) were used in all cases. The functional evaluation in the lower extremities was performed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 scores. The degree of pain relief after surgical treatment was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: At the final follow up, all of the patients survived. The mean lower extremities functional score of Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 was 17.8(59.3%)(range, 12~25). VAS was improved to 2.5 from 8.5 after the surgical treatment. Ambulation was encouraged as soon as possible and mean duration after surgery for ambulation was 7.3(range, 3~16) days. Post-operatively, there was no surgical infection, periprosthetic fracture or loosening. Dislocation occurred in one out of six cases. Conclusion: Resection of proximal femur and tumor prosthesis replacement for metastatic bone tumors around proximal femur extensively involving trochanteric area seems to be safe procedure in view of post-operative complication, and effective for functional restoration as well as pain relief. Thus, it is accordant to the treatment principle of the metastatic bone tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

Purpose: In young male patients who suffered several kinds of trauma with subsequent suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, we performed three-phasic bone scan in order to investigate its usefulness. Materials and Methods: Patients with narrow range of age (21-25. mean $22.8{\pm}1.3$, all male) were included with suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of 12 feet and 5 hands. Only one was bilateral feet case and 16 were ipsilateral (Rt:13, Lt:3). The etiologic traumas were 4 fractures, 4 sprains, 3 blunt trauma, 2 cellulitis, 1 tendon tear, 1 crush injury, 1 overexercise, and 1 unknown. Radiologically 3 showed osteoporotic changes. Three-phasic bone scans were performed $21.2{\pm}7.3wks$ after trauma. Results: According to symptom complex, confirmatory reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome 4 cases and suspicious 13 were analyzed. All confirmatory cases (100%) showed increased uptake at delay phase with periarticular accentuation. Of confirmatory 4 cases, 2 showed increased uptake in all three phases (perfusion: P, blood pool: B, and delay: D), and other 2 revealed decreased P but, both increased B and D. Of suspicious 13 cases, 9(69.2%) had increased D (4 periarticular and 5 focal), 2 decreased D, and 2 symmetric D. In 12 foot cases, so-called weight hearing patterns - increased contralateral sole at P and B - were revealed in 7(58.3%). Conclusion: Diffuse periarticular increased uptake at delay phase of three-phasic bone scan was a compatible finding to reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in young male patients whose symptom complex strongly designated post traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

Purpose : Spine is one of the most common sites of the metastatic bone tumors. Conservative management such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been preferred in most cases. However, the neurologic deficit has not been usually improved, and the quality of life was poor. The purpose of this study was to show the efficacy of the surgical treatments for metastatic spinal tumors in terms of postoperative improvements of neurologic deficit and survival time. Materials and Methods : Authors have reviewed the literatures and analyzed 14 patients of metastatic spinal tumors who were received operative treatments between August 1991 and June 1999 at the our department of orthopaedic surgery. Results : The most frequent primary tumor was breast cancer in women and lung cancer in men. The thoracic region was the most common site. There was a preponderance of females over males, and the age ranged between 4th and 8th decade. The indications of surgical treatment comprised instability, progressive neurologic findings, resistance to radiotherapy, pathological fracture, long life expectancy( >6weeks), isolated metastasis and need for pathological diagnosis. The degree of preoperative neurological deficit might influence on the improvement of clinical symptoms after surgery. Conclusion : The surgical treatment reduced the neurological deficit and pain regardless of the operative methods. In the early stage of neurological deficit, the surgical treatment was important for better prognosis. Recently early active operative treatment was performed for metastatic spinal tumor to minimize the intractable pain and to prevent the progression of the neurologic deficit. Early intervention can improve the quality of life and long term survival.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Purpose: As well as patient survival, the restoration of postoperative function such as ambulation is important in limb salvage operations for treatment of malignant bone tumors involving the proximal femur. The authors analyzed clinical outcomes of limb salvage operations using tumor prostheses for metastatic or primary malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur. Materials and Methods: From February 2005 to January 2014, 20 cases (19 patients) with malignant bone tumor involving the proximal femur with pain or complicated pathologic fracture were treated with segmental resection and limb salvage operations with tumor prostheses. Mean age was 63.1 years (range 35-86). Fourteen patients were male and six ones were female. The mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-94 months). There were 15 cases of metastatic bone tumor, 4 cases of osteosarcoma, and 1 case of multiple myeloma. The primary tumors of the metastatic bone tumors included 4 lung cancers, 3 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 3 renal cell carcinomas. Other primary tumors were breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and malignant spindle cell tumor, each in 1 case. Modular tumor prostheses were used in all cases; (Kotz's$^{(R)}$ Modular Tumor prosthesis (Howmedica, Rutherford, New Jersey) in 3 cases, MUTARS$^{(R)}$ proximal femur system (Implantcast, Munster, Germany) in 17 cases). Perioperative pain was assessed with Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Postoperative functional outcome was assessed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) grading system. Results: Out of 20 cases (19 patients), 11 cases (10 patients) survived at the last follow-up. Average postoperative survival of the 9 deceased patients was 10.1 months (1-38 months). VAS score improved from pre-operative average of 8.40 (5-10) to 1.35 (0-3) after operation. Average postoperative MSTS function score was 19.65 (65.50%, 7-28). The associated complications were 2 local recurrences, 3 hematomas, 3 infections, 2 scrotal swellings, and 1 dislocation. There was no case of periprosthetic fracture or loosening. Conclusion: Limb salvage operation with tumor prosthesis is an appropriate treatment for early pain reduction and functional restoration in malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur with pain an/or complicated pathologic fractures.