• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.723-735
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• 1998

Background : Vitamin C has been reported to have a role in the decrease of airway hyperresponsiveness in animal models. This data is based on some metabolic actions of vitamin C, such as promotion of histamine degradation, producing more $PGE_2$ than $PGF_{2\alpha}$ in cyclooxygenase pathway, decrease of smooth muscle contraction, and acting as reducing agent of oxidant. It has been also known that heavy smokers have lower blood levels of vitamin C than nonsmokers and this deficiency in heavy smokers have been explained by several mechanisms, such as increased oxidation by oxidants and free radicals, increased biosynthesis of catecholamine and serotonin released by nicotine, and inadequate dietary intake. In this study, We attempted to assess effect of vitamin C on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in heavy smokers who have bronchial hyperresponsiveness and role of vitamin C on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Method: To assess acute effect of vitamin C on airway hyperresponsiveness, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were done in 17 smokers and 8 nonsmokers, and one hour after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were repeated. To assess chronic effect of vitamin C on airway hyperresponsiveness, after daily administration of vitamin C 1 g for one week in 17 smokers, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were done. To assess role of vitamin C, after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g plus indomethacin 100 mg in 12 of 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test, spirometry and methacholine challenge test were done and after oral intake of indomethacin 100 mg in 12 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test, spirometry and methacholine challenge test were repeated. Result: There were no significant differences in whole blood vitamin C levels between smokers($1.17{\pm}0.22$ mg/dL) and nonsmcikers($1.14{\pm}0.19$ mg/dL) (p>0.05). Fifteen of the 17 smokers(88.2%) were reactive to methacholine challenge test and 10 of the 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test were less than 8 mg/dL in $PC_{20}FEV-2$, and 7 of the 8 nonsmokers(87.5%) were nonreactive to methacholine challenge test There were significant decrease in bronchial responsiveness after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g in 13 of the 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test This significant decrease persisted with maintenance daily administration of 1 g for one week. $PC_{20}FEV-2$ were not correlated to vitamin C levels in smokers. After oral administration of indomethacin 100 mg, significant reduction of bronchial responsiveness that occured after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g in smokers were attenuated. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in whole blood vitamin C levels between smokers and nonsmokers. heavy smokers have significant increase in bronchial responsiveness than nonsmokers. This bronchial hyperresponsiveness of heavy smokers can be attenuated by vitamin C supplement. Disappearance of vitamin C effect by indomethacin supplement may suggest that vitamin C exert its effect via alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2004

Brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of all brain function. The diagnosis of brain death is primarily based on a careful neurological examination demonstrating unresponsiveness, absent of brain stem reflexes, and no respiratory activity. Several conditions which may mimic brain death must be excluded. In some cases investigations such as electroencephalography, angiography, transcranial doppler or evoked potentials can contribute to the diagnosis. The brief review will introduce medical technologist and clinician to the key issues in the definition and management of brain death.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2012

대기부품은 대기기간 중에 우발적 고장이 발생할 수 있으며(type I failure), 해당상황이 장기간 방치되는 것을 방지하기 위해 주기적인 검사를 하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 검사가 대기기간 중 발생한 고장을 확인할 수 있게 하는 반면, 검사를 시작할 때 대기하던 부품에 부하를 가하는 과정에서 고장을 유발할 가능성이 존재하며(type II failure), 검사시간동안 대기부품을 작동시킴으로써 열화에 의한 고장발생(type III failure)의 가능성을 증가시키는 효과도 존재한다. 이에 본 논문은 주기적 검사정책을 갖는 대기부품을 대상으로 세 종류의 고장 가능성을 확률적으로 고려하여 성능분석을 실시하였으며, 성능을 평가하는 척도로 극한가용성을 사용하였다. 특히 type III failure를 고려하는 것은 기존에 연구되지 않은 부분으로 본 논문의 기여점이라 할 수 있겠다. 또한 수치해석을 통해 가용성의 관점에서 전술한 세 가지 유형의 고장특성과 검사주기와의 관계를 파악할 수 있도록 하였으며, 그 결과를 통해 높은 수준의 신뢰성 확보가 목적인 대기시스템의 효율적인 운영을 위한 의사결정시 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.253
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• pp.34-35
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• 2010

50대 중반인 회사원 김 모 씨는 10년 전 당뇨병을 진단받았다. 요즘 그에게 말 못 할 고민이 생겼다. 아내와의 잠자리가 예전 같지 않다는 것. 어느 날부턴가 발기가 잘 되지 않더니 어렵사리 발기가 되도 오랫동안 유지되지 못했다. 처음에는 피곤해서 그러려니 하고 넘겼지만 그러기를 몇 번, 이제는 아내 볼 면목도 서지 않는다. 어딘가 털어놓을 곳도 마땅치 않고 남자로서 자존심 상하는 게 이만 저만이 아니다. 몇날 며칠 고민을 거듭하던 끝에 용기를 내 비뇨기과를 찾았다. 병원에서 찾은 김 씨는 발기부전에 대한 여러 가지 검사를 받았다. 기본적인 소변검사 및 혈액검사를 통해 남성호르몬 검사와 시청각 발기유발검사, 복합 초음파 검사 등이 실시되었다. 검사 결과 김 씨는 당뇨합병증으로 인해 음경의 신경과 말초 혈관에 이상이 생긴 것이 발견됐다. 바쁘게 생활하다 보니 식사조절이나 운동을 꾸준하게 실천하지 못해 혈당관리에도 신경을 쓰지 못하고 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.372-385
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the causes and pathologic process of chronic non-productive cough as an isolated symptom with a normal spirometry and chest radiograph by investigating clinicopathologic findings. Method: We studied 25 adults with chronic non-productive cough over a 3-week period with a normal chest radiograph and pulmonary function tests without any other symptoms. Clinical assessment, cough score, chest and sinus radiograph, pulmonary function tests, methacholine challenge, allergic skin prick test, and bronchoscopy for bronchial biopsies were performed. Subjects were then treated with prednesolone 20 to 30 mg/day for 1 to 2 weeks. Results: The experimental group was divided into two subgroups-those infiltrated with eosinophils, and those infiltrated with lymphocytes depending on eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, both of which were respectively higher than those of the control group. Eosinophils infiltrated group had mean numbers of eosinophil of 89.8 $cells/mm^3$ while control group's mean was 0.4 $cells/mm^2$(p=0.005). Lymphocyte infiltrated group was 4 patients whose mean was 84.3 $cells/mm^2$ with 28.4 $cells/mm^2$ of control group(P=0.026). In addition, the mean thickness of the basement membrane of experimental group was $14.20{\pm}5.20{\mu}m$ in contrast of control group whose mean was $3.50{\pm}1.37{\mu}m$(P=0.001). With the methacholine challenge test, 7 of the 21 eosinophil infiltrated subjects were diagnosed with cough variant asthma ; the other 14 with eosinophilic bronchitis. Three subjects with eosinophilic bronchitis were atopic positive (21.4%) with the skin prick test In the lymphocyte dominant group, all four subjects were diagnosed with lymphocytic bronchitis. Cough score was improved after steroid treatment in 22 of 25 subjects in the experimental group (88.0%). Conclusion: These results suggest chronic non-productive cough as an isolated symptom with a normal spirometry and chest radiograph was associated with airway inflammation by eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration. The causes for chronic non-productive cough were eosinophilic bronchitis, cough variant asthma, and lymphocytic bronchitis(written in frequency). They further suggest that therapeutic treatment with steroids can provide effective symptomatic relief.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2020

He purpose of this study is to design and apply a pilot assessment tools for scientifically gifted and talented elementary school students with lower grades. The assessment tool consists of three parts: homeroom teachers' recommendation, paper and pencil test and performance tests. The tools are verified whether they are suitable for unique characteristics of young children and enable to attract active participation. For suitability check, students' performance tests were inductively analyzed and 30 behavioral patterns were shown which were included and partially exceeded the level of lower elementary students' performance expectation in NGSS. As a result, we concluded that assessment tool developed in this study will be effective in discriminating young pupils' scientific talents. Then for participation check, we compared the number of coding references as an indicator of participation. Two cases were found that students with high interest participated passively in performance tests. We found these 'passive participants' had excessive scientific experiences and extremely narrow region of interest, during the process of complex interpretation between the results of this assessment tool and in-depth interviews with homeroom teachers. We found out in this study that newly developed tools can be used in school scene after modifying and elaboration through accumulation of more case studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1994

Background: The measurement of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity is valuable for diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma. Methacholine or histamine is used for the pharmacologic provocation test. Usually a methacholine bronchial provocation test is performed by a dosing technique with counted number of breaths. A dosimeter is indispensable in the dosing technique. Recently a timed tidal breathing technique which dose not need an expensive dosimeter was introduced. We measured the degree of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine using a simple timed tidal breathing technique. Method: Forty two healthy volunteers, 12 patients with bronchial asthma(BA), 10 patients with rhinitis(RH) and 10 patients with upper respiratory infection(URI) participated in the study. The subject's nose was clipped and inhalation continued during tidal breathing for 2 minutes via a face mask. $FEV_1$ was measured at 30 seconds, 90 seconds after inhalation and inhalation of next solution was continued until there was a fall in $FEV_1$ of 20%. Histamine PC20 was defined as the concentration at 20% fall of $FEV_1$ and it was obtained from the log dose-response curve by linear interpolation. Results: Inhalation of serial dilution of histamine could be performed in all patients without significant side effects. The geometric mean${\pm}$standard deviation of histamine PC20 in healthy volunteers is $8.27{\pm}2.22mg/ml$, BA group $0.33{\pm}3.02mg/ml$, RH group $0.85{\pm}3.24mg/ml$, and URI group $1.47{\pm}1.98mg/ml$. Conclusion: Histamine bronchial provocation test using timed tidal breath method is a simple and suitable tool for management of patients with bronchial hyperreactivity.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a practical caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of study were 30 children of $7\sim10$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(488nm) was observed through barrier alter. For evaluation of accuracy and propriety of this method fer caries activity test, teeth with initial caries lesion on buccal or labial surface of children was examined with visual inspection and laser fluorescence. Visual examination for the dDfFtT and the $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test were also done. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. Laser fluorescence test could differentiate initial caries lesions more easily than visiual inspection. 3. There was highest correlation(= 0.73) between laser fluorescent test and $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test and. And also apparent correlation(= 0.66) exists between laser fluorescent test and caries experience measured by dDfFtT.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.9 s.266
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• pp.729-732
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• 2006

Mediastinal teratoma is one of the most common lesions found in the anterior mediastinum, accounting for $8\sim13%$ of all mediastinal tumors. This tumor is incidentally detected by routine chest roentgengography, but pericardial perforation or pleural effusion occurs rarely. In our patient cardiac tamponade was developed due to anterior chest wall contusion, we confirmed the anterior mediastinal tumor. Vital signs were stabilized after the pericardiocentesis, and the patient underwent the tumor resection in the anterior mediastinum for a definite treatment. On histologic examination, the tumor revealed cystic structures composed of mature squamous epithelium, pilosebaceous glands, mature fat tissue, gastrointestinal mucosa, respiratory epithelium, and pancreatic tissues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2010

영재들은 그들의 특성상 지적인 호기심과 높은 과제집착력을 갖고 있다. 물론 그들이 갖고 있는 능력으로 봤을 때 알고리즘 수업을 진행하면 어느 정도의 문제해결력을 신장시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 정보영재들의 능력을 조금 더 끌어올리는 것에 연구에 목적을 두고 있으며 동기유발전략을 활용하면 기존의 알고리즘 수업보다 더 높은 문제해결력을 키우는 것에 가설을 두고 연구를 진행하였다. 알고리즘 수업은 기존 정보교육과정과 비교하여 비슷한 수준으로 구성하였으며 실생활과 관련된 수업 모형을 연구, 적용한 후 문제해결능력 검사지[4]를 이용하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 검사 결과 실험집단의 문제해결능력이 통제 집단에 비해 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 전통적인 알고리즘 수업보다는 정보영재들의 지적인 호기심과 자신감을 자극한 수업이 학습자의 문제해결능력을 향상시켰음을 의미한다. 이는 같은 내용이라도 동기유발전략을 활용한 수업이 효과적이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 앞으로도 다양한 전략을 활용한 수업이 필요함을 기대한다.