• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유리섬유재질

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Hydraulic Experiment on Roughness Coefficient of PE pipe (폴리에틸렌관의 조도계수에 관한 수리모형실험)

  • Dongwoo Ko;Byeong Wook Lee;Jae-Seon Yoon;Hyun-Gu Song
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.288-288
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    • 2023
  • 도로, 철도 등의 횡단통로, 오폐수관로, 지하배수관 등 연약지반에서 상재하중과 부등침하에 의한 파괴 위험을 줄이기 위해 구조적인 안전성과 내구성이 개선된 다양한 관로들이 활용되고 있다. 관은 매설특성에 따라 콘크리트관, 도관, 합성수지관, 덕타일 주철관, 파형강관, 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱과 폴리에스테르수지 콘크리트관 등의 종류로 구분된다(환경부, 2017). 수리설계 시 이러한 관의 단면 규모 결정 및 흐름 특성을 파악하기 위해 관수로 유량측정에 이용되는 Manning의 경험식을 이용하고 있으며, 관로의 주요 재질에 따른 다양한 조도계수가 제시되어 있다. 새로운 재질을 이용하여 제작된 관은 수리실험을 통해 조도계수를 결정하는 것이 바람직하지만, 조도계수 실험은 대규모의 실험시설과 유량공급이 요구되기 때문에 여러 한계가 있다. PE관의 경우, 미국의 ASTM 표준에 의해 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LDPE), 선형 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LLDPE), 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE) 등으로 분류되는데 본 연구에서는 HDPE 재질의 서로 직경이 다른 다중벽관 PE관을 대상으로 조도계수를 결정하기 위한 현장 실규모 수리실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험에서는 식생, 수로의 불규칙성, 수로노선, 침전과 세굴, 장애물, 계절적 변화, 부유물질과 소류사는 무시되며 표면조도, 관의 크기와 형상, 수위와 유량이 조도계수에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자라고 할 수 있다. 수리실험은 실물모형(Prototype)으로 한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원의 대형수리모형실험장에서 수행되었으며. 길이 24 m, 직경 150 mm의 PE 관은 고정식 개수로, 직경 800 mm의 관은 대형유사순환수로에 각각 설치되었다. 관로의 전면에 차폐막을 설치하여 상류부 수위를 안정시킨 상태에서 실험을 수행하였고, 차폐막으로부터 하류방향으로 약 7 m(측정기준지점), 11 m, 13 m, 15 m, 17 m 떨어진 곳에서 각각 수위와 유속을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, φ150관은 직경대비 수심이 클수록 조도계수가 감소하는 경향이 나타났고, φ800관은 직경대비 수심의 변화에 따른 조도계수의 경향이 크게 드러나지 않았다. 결론적으로 PE관의 조도계수는 수심별로 변화하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특정 수심을 지나면 조도계수가 다시 감소할 것으로 판단된다.

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A Systematic Literature Review on the Domestic and Foreign Research Trends of Movable Modern and Contemporary Cultural Heritage Conservation (국내외 연구문헌 조사를 통한 근·현대 동산문화재 보존 연구 동향 분석)

  • Youm, Inkyung;Yu, Jaeeun;Lee, Hyeyoun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.44-61
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    • 2015
  • The research on the conservation of the movable modern and contemporary cultural heritage have been actively performed internationally since late 20th century. In this study, the international research trends of movable modern and contemporary cultural heritage conservation in last decades were analyzed. Setting up the range of the period, research papers were collected through various databases based on the systematic literature review process. Samples of 45 domestic papers and 505 foreign papers were classified by materials as books and paper, metals, textiles and fibers, photographs and audio-visuals, woods, plastics and ceramics and glass. The types of treated artifacts, detailed materials of the treated artifacts, and the research subjects were investigated from each paper. The data were compiled statistically and analyzed. Number of papers are published domestically in the book and paper conservation and metals conservation fields, but there are needs for more diversified artifact types and extensive research subjects. The researches in foreign countries are active in conservation of organic materials such as paper, textile and photographs and deal with various research subjects on not only treatment techniques and elemental analysis but also preventive conservation and conservation ethics. It is expected that this study would contribute to the field as a preliminary data on the conservation of modern and contemporary cultural heritage.

A Study of Contaminant Removal for Pore-Water Collection (토양 간극수의 효율적 포집을 위한 오염물질 제거에 관한 연구)

  • 이성백
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.69-73
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    • 1999
  • The study was performed to examine the elimination capacity of impurity on the fiberglass wicks to exert a suction of Passive capillary samplers (PCAPS) on soil water. This impurity affects the capillary properties of the wick and the chemical properties of the samples collected. To determine the need, capillary rise and moisture contents were measured after the wicks were cleaned by four methods : combustion, acetone extraction, detergent washing, and uncleaning. The wicks were made with fibers produced by PPG Industries and Manville Company, U.S.A. Results showed that wicks made from PPG fibers lost up to 3.4% of original mass during combustion while Manville fiber wicks lost only up to 0.6%. These losses are assumed to have been due to combustion of organic compounds applied by the manufacturers. All cleaning methods had higher capillary rise than obtained with uncleaning method Combustion at 40$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours was the best cleaning method. removing 98 to 100% of impurities.

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Assessment of Composite Cylinder Flaw for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles (압축천연가스자동차용 복합재료용기의 외피손상결함 평가)

  • Kim, Young-Seob;Kim, Lae-Hyun;Yang, Dong-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 2010.04a
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    • pp.43-43
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    • 2010
  • 국내에 천연가스버스가 보급된 이래 5차례의 용기파열 사고가 발생하였는데 그중 2005년 8월 전주 덕진충전소에서 발생한 용기파열사고는 CNG용기의 라이너를 감싸고 있는 복합재료가 손상되어 발생한 사고로 보고되었다. 복합재료용기의 외피손상이 원인이 되어 발생한 사고사례는 해외에서 약 13건이 보고되었다. CNG용기 외피손상은 용기룰 고정하는 스트랩과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 용기고정이 불완전하면 슬립이 발생하고 이는 복합재의 손상으로 이어진다. 본 연구에서는 ISO 19078, CGA C6.4 등 국제코드의 규정을 고려하여 국내에서 제조된 Type 2, 3, 4 용기와 외국에서 생산된 Type 3 용기를 대상으로 결함깊이, 길이, 넓이에 따른 복합재료 결함 내구성시험을 수행하여 CNG용기의 내구성능을 평가하였고, 시험과 동일한 조건으로 복합재료 손상결함 조건을 컴퓨터로 전산모사하여 시험결과의 타당성과 유효성을 비교 검증하였다. 실험결과, Type 2 용기의 경우, 11,250회의 최소반복가압 회수를 충족하였으나 외피손상부와 반복가압에 따른 실제누출부위가 일치하지 않아 실험조건을 달리한 추가실험이 요구되었다. Type 3 용기의 경우에는 복합재 결함부위와 누수부위가 일치된 시험용기의 수는 67%정도로, 복합재료 용기의 수명을 저하시키는 원인으로 라이너와 외피손상이 서로 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. Type 4 용기는 국제기준에서 요구하는 반복횟수를 만족하였고, 손상깊이 0.75mm와 1.25mm에서 반복가압회수가 60,000회 이상이 되어도 누설이 발생되지 않았다. 이는 라이너의 재질이 폴리머로서 균일한데다 탄소섬유 복합재료층 위에 유리섬유 복합재료 층이 1.5mm 정도 추가로 적층되어 있어서 3등급의 손상결함(결함깊이 1.25mm)에서도 구조 층이 전혀 손상되지 않은 것으로 판단되며, 이는 Type 2 용기의 강재라이너나 Type 3의 알루미늄 라이너와 비교하여 Type 4 용기의 폴리에틸렌 라이너의 물성이 반복성능이 탁월함을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Conservation of a Bronze Incense Burner from Chungung-dong, Hanam (하남시 춘궁동 출토 청동현향로(靑銅懸香爐)의 제작기술과 보존처리)

  • Jeong, Subin;Park, Haksoo
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.16
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    • pp.32-45
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    • 2015
  • The bronze incense burner, discovered in Chungung-dong, Hanam, Gyeonggi-do in 1971, is a hanging incense burner dating from the Goryeo period. The incense burner was covered with a thick layer of clay. The object was in a severely deteriorated state, affected by bronze disease which resulted in extensive corrosion. Numerous cracks were present across its surface, and some parts had been broken off. To preserve and display the bronze incense burner in a stable condition, deposits of foreign material were removed from the surface, and the weakened metal was strengthened. Cracked and broken areas were reinforced using woven glass fiber, followed by the application of epoxy resin to restore the shape. To investigate the method of production, a chemical analysis was performed, and the microstructure was examined. The chemical analysis revealed that the body of the incense burner as well as the ear, loop, lid and the knob were cast in a ternary alloy of Cu-Sn-Pb. Moreover, copper nails with high copper content were used to securely join the ear to the body of the incense burner. The microstructure was mainly α-phase, and non-intermetallic inclusions composed of Cu and S were detected.

A Study of Multi Hull Form Design for Small Leisure Fishing Vessels (소형 레저어선의 다동체 선형설계 연구)

  • Lee Seung-Hee;Lee Young-Gill;Kang Dae-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.98-108
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    • 2006
  • The vessels, already built and is operating in Korea, have the hull form of catamaran, with LOA(Length Over All) 15 m, LBP(Length Between Perpendiculars) 12 m, GT(Gross Tonnage) 9.77ton, Light Load Displacement 15.1ton. Korean Society of Ship Inspection & Technology, Chungnam National University, Inha University, Seoul National University and Advance Marine Tech co. ltd developed by cooperation it for fishing vessels. And it used FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastics) for hull material and main engine of diesel $360ps{\times}2800rpm{\times}2sets$ with a water jet system. Based on these results, this paper describe small leisure fishing vessels with multi-hull, in relation to the project of CTYS(Regional Reserch Center for Transportation System of Yellow Sea Inha University) that aimed to development of trimaran hull form(LOA=17m, LBP=14m(Side Hull=6m), GT=9.77ton, Light Weight=11.2 ton).

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The Effects of Additives in Waste Tire/Plastic Composites Using Internal Mixer (밀폐식 혼합기를 이용한 폐타이어/폐플라스틱 복합소재의 첨가제 효과)

  • Kim, Joon-Seok;Kim, Sang-Jun;An, Kee-Chul;Lim, Soon-Ho;Kim, Dae-Heum;Han, Choon
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.562-568
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    • 2003
  • Environmental problems due to waste tire and waste plastics let us develop practical and economically feasible products. For this purpose, the characteristics of waste tire/plastic composites including various additives were examined using internal mixer. Experimental results indicated that the tensile strength and the flexural strength of waste tire/plastic composites decreased with the waste tire content. When 20 wt% of PP was added to the waste tire (60 wt%)/HDPE composites, the tensile strength was 1.5 times higher than the composite without PP, It was also found that the strain at break of composites increased by 2.5 times with 10 wt% addition of ethylene vinyl acetate and styrene ethylene butylenes styrene respectively. When 10 wt% of glass fiber was added to waste tire (60 wt%)/ HDPE composites, the tensile strength was 63% higher than the composite without glass fiber.

Algorithm Implementation for Detection and Tracking of Ships Using FMCW Radar (FMCW Radar를 이용한 선박 탐지 및 추적 기법 구현)

  • Hong, Dan-Bee;Yang, Chan-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2013
  • This study focuses on a ship detection and tracking method using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar used for horizontal surveillance. In general, FMCW radar can play an important role in maritime surveillance, because it has many advantages such as low warm-up time, low power consumption, and its all weather performance. In this paper, we introduce an effective method for data and signal processing of ship's detecting and tracking using the X-band radar. Ships information was extracted using an image-based processing method such as the land masking and morphological filtering with a threshold for a cycle data merged from raw data (spoke data). After that, ships was tracked using search-window that is ship's expected rectangle area in the next frame considering expected maximum speed (19 kts) and interval time (5 sec). By using this method, the tracking results for most of the moving object tracking was successful and those results were compared with AIS (Automatic Identification System) for ships position. Therefore, it can be said that the practical application of this detection and tracking method using FMCW radar improve the maritime safety as well as expand the surveillance coverage cost-effectively. Algorithm improvements are required for an enhancement of small ship detection and tracking technique in the future.

Ground Test & Evaluation of Conformal Load-bearing Antenna Structure for Communication and Navigation (통신 항법용 다중대역 안테나 내장 스킨구조의 지상시험평가)

  • Kim, Min-Sung;Park, Chan-Yik;Cho, Chang-Min;Jun, Seung-Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.891-899
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    • 2013
  • This paper suggests a test and evaluation procedure of conformal load-bearing antenna structure(CLAS) for high speed military jet application. A log periodic patch type antenna was designed for multi-band communication and navigation antenna. Carbon/Glass fiber reinforced polymer was used as a structure supporting aerodynamic loads and honeycomb layer was used to improve antenna performance. Multi-layers were stacked and cured in a hot temperature oven. Gain, VSWR and polarization pattern of CLAS were measured using anechoic chamber within 0.15~2.0 GHz frequency range. Tension, shear, fatigue and impact load test were performed to evaluate structural strength of CLAS. Antenna performance test after every structural strength test was conducted to check the effect of structural test to antenna performance. After the application of new test and evaluation procedure to validate a new CLAS, a design improvement was found.

Research on the Architectural Applications of High-Performance Vacuum Insulation Panel (고성능 진공단열재의 건축적인 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Young Cheol;Kim, Suk
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2019
  • Vacuum Insulation Panel(VIP) has the lowest thermal conductivity among present insulations. It is composed of envelope, core material and getter. Aluminum film is usually used as the envelope of VIP, and it is important component to decide the useful life of VIP. In this research, the thermophysical properties of incombustible fiber glass core VIP were investigated with the possibility of its architectural applications. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) The thermal conductivity of 20mm-thick fiber glass core VIP is resulted as 0.00177W/m·K, which means that 20mm-thick VIP can meet all the reinforced insulation guideline and it can be used in any envelope of any region in Korea. 2) As a result of the test of incombustion and gas toxicity, fiber glass core VIP was suitable for incombustible material. 3) As the test result for the long term thermal conductivity, fiber glass core VIP was found out that it would keep above 10 times insulating performance than polystyrene foam and glass fiber. 4) To meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡K, limited-combustible insulation of expanded polystyrene foam and phenolic foam should be used respectively as thick as above 280mm and 170mm, incombustible VIP can meet the same insulation level with 20mm thickness. 5) The price competitiveness of incombustible VIP to meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡·K was about 1,500won/㎡ higher than that of phenolic foam.