• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 1987

Negative induced polarization (IP) responses are examined for a three-layered earth using a digital linear filter method. The negative IP response can occur when the geoelectric section is of type K or Q. The section of type K creates a more pronounced negative effect than that of type Q. For such sections, IP coefficients are determined as a function of the resistivity distribution and the electrode configuration, and only the IP coefficient of the first layer can be negative. As a result, the negative IP response can occur when the first layer is polarizable in the section of type K or Q. and the polarizabilities of the other layers can act to depress the negative response.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 1988

Negative induced polarization (IP) responses are examined for two-dimensional structures using a modeling technique with finite difference method. Percent frequency effect is used for IP parameter because it can be efficiently computed by a perturbation method. Thin conductive, polarizable overburden causes obvious negative IP responses on IP pseudosection. This fact means that IP responses from resistive, polarizable body below the overburden can be masked solely as a function of the resistivity distribution. Resistive, non-polarizable body below the overburden, however, can be detected by the negative IP responses.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

Given that induced polarization (IP) and direct current (DC) resistivity surveys are similar in terms of data acquisition, most DC resistivity systems are equipped with a time-domain IP data acquisition function. In addition, the time-domain IP data include the DC resistivity values. As such, IP and DC resistivity data are intimately linked, and the inversion of IP data is a two-step process based on DC resistivity inversions. Nevertheless, IP surveys are rarely applied, in contrast to DC resistivity surveys, as proper inversion software is unavailable. In this study, through numerical modeling and inversion experiments, we analyze the problems with the conventional inverse mapping technique used to invert time-domain IP data. Furthermore, we propose a modified inverse mapping technique that can effectively suppress inversion artifacts. The performance of the technique is confirmed through inversions applied to synthetic IP data.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Induced polarization (IP) is useful for mineral exploration and hydrogeological studies by visualizing the electrochemical reactions at the interface between polarized minerals and groundwater. Frequency-domain IP (FDIP) is not actively applied to field surveys because it takes longer to acquire data, despite its higher data quality than conventional time-domain IP. However, data quality is more important in current mineral exploration as the targets gradually shift to deep or low-grade ore bodies. In addition, the measurement time reduced by automated instrumentation increases the potential for FDIP field applications. Therefore, we demonstrate that FDIP can detect mineral exploration targets by performing geophysical logging in the boreholes of a skarn deposit, in South Korea. Alternating current (AC) resistivity, percent frequency effect (PFE) and metal factor (MF) were calculated from impedance values obtained at two different frequencies. Skarn zones containing magnetite or pyrite showed relatively low AC resistivity, high PFE, and high MF compared to other zones. Therefore, FDIP surveys are considered to be useful for mineral exploration.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2008

Silt or clay alluvium fully saturated with water generally shows low resistivity. Sometimes it is believe that the low resistivity layer is considered as good aquifer but this makes problems in the development of groundwater. To overcome this problem, we adopted induced-polarization(IP) method with resistivity method. Laboratory experiments and resistivity/IP field surveys with non-polarization electrodes were conducted for the study. Laboratory experiments shows that the increase of clay contents in the sample mixed with sand and clay give low resistivity and high chargeability. We used this experiment results in the interpretation of resistivity/IP field data which were obtained in riverbank filtration. Finally, the layer which has low resistivity and chargeabilty would be regarded as a good aquifer for the development of groundwater intake.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.190-191
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• 2000

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2002

Tracing the history of study, problems of seawater intrusion are commonly investigated with electrical techniques because seawater saturated zone is indicative of the low resistivity anomaly. There we, however, silt and mud layers in the western and southern coastal areas of Korea, so we may make a mistake in case we determine seawater intrusion only with resistivity survey. Hence, reference IP survey was carried out in Kimje, Jeollabuk-Do and Youngkwang, Jeollanam-Do in order to decide whether or not the area is under the influence of seawater intrusion. With the use of a electric field cable to minimize EM coupling, we obtained more accurate results by appling reference If technique measuring simultaneously wavelet of current as well as potential. With the aid of reference IP technique, it is possible that we can exactly evaluate seawater intrusion by discriminating seawater saturated area (no IP effect) from very highly conductive layer composed of clay mineral (high IP effect).

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

The development of more advanced geophysical exploration techniques is necessary because the orebodies as yet discovered are increasingly changing in characteristics from shallow/high-grade to deep/low-grade. In this work, laboratory measurement of physical properties of rock samples and a field survey and interpretation of spectral induced polarization (SIP) have been conducted in a skarn metallic deposit, Gagok mine. The purpose of this study is that the applicability of SIP in the exploration of skarn metallic deposits is verified by the comprehensive interpretation between SIP characteristics of rocks obtained from the laboratory measurements and inverted survey results from the field data. In order to understand the SIP characteristics of each lithology, the data of eighty nine rock samples utilized in the previous studies were revaluated. The field survey was carried out using frequency of 0.25 Hz along a survey line designed for intersecting lithological boundaries and evaluating mineralized zones. The mineralized rocks were more conductive (low-resistivity) and capacitive (high-chargeability or strong-phase) than other rocks. Thus, SIP can be one of the very useful tools for the mineral exploration of the skarn deposits.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.158-163
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• 2021

The frequency-domain induced polarization (IP) response based on Cole-Cole model is expressed as a simple equation in close form. However, it is difficult to compute the time-domain IP response based on Cole-Cole model or any other relaxation model because it cannot be written in closed form. In this study, using numerical experiments, we compared three numerical methods for calculating the time-domain IP response of the Cole-Cole model asymptotically: series expansion, digital linear filtering and Fourier transform. The series expansion method is inadequately accurate for certain time values and converges very slowly. A digital linear filter specially designed to calculate the time-domain IP response does not present the desired accuracy, especially at later times. The Fourier transform method can overcome the abovementioned problems and present the time-domain IP response with adequate accuracy for all time values, even though more computing time is required.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.164-170
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• 2021

Frequency-domain and time-domain induced polarization methods can provide spectral information about subsurface media. Analysis of spectral characteristics has been studied mainly in the frequency-domain, however, time-domain induced polarization research has recently become popular. In this study, assuming a homogeneous half-space model, an inversion method was developed to extract Cole-Cole parameters from the measured secondary potential or electrical resistivity. Since the Cole-Cole parameters of chargeability, time constant, and frequency index are not independent of each other, various problems, such as slow convergence rate, initial model problem, local minimum problem, and divergence, frequently occur when conventional nonlinear inversion is applied. In this study, we developed an effective inversion method using the initial model close to the true model by introducing a grid search method. Finally, the validity of the developed inversion method was verified using inversion experiments.