• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 1990

Three kinds of hydrogel membranes were prepared by the copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with acrylamide, N, N-dimethylamide and methylmethacrylate in the presence of solvent and crosslinker respectively. The equilibrium water content, relative permeability and partition coefficient of the membranes for alcohol solutes were measured. It has been found that the permeation of organic solute occurs through the water-filled regions in the hydrogel membrane, and that the gpermeability coefficient of organic solute depends on the molecular size. But the permeability of organic solute was controlled by the interaction of solute-membrane at the low water content. By the partition data, it has been shown that the partition of solute is only controlled by hydrophobic interaction between solute and membrane. The diffusion coefficient data were interpreted on the basis of water-solute interaction. It has been found that the diffusion of organic solute is determined by the free volume of water in the membrane, and that hardly depends on polarity-polarizability and hydrogen bonding ability between water and solute.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

유기 절연층을 갖는 유기 박막트랜지스터 (organic TFT)를 제작하여 소자 성능을 조사하였다. 유기 절연층의 형성에서는 polyvinyl 계열의 PVP(poly-4-vinylphenol)와 PVT(polyvinyltoluene)를 용질로, PGMEA (propylene glycol mononethyl ether acetate)를 용매로 사용하였다. 또한, 열경화성 수지인 poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde)를 경화제로 사용하여 유기 절연층의 cross-link 를 시도하였다. MIM 구조로 유기 절연층의 특정을 측정한 결과, PVT는 PVP에 비해 절연 특성이 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 게이트 절연막의 제작에서 PVP를 cobpolymer 방식과 cross-linked 방식으로 실험 해 본 결과, cross-link 방식에서 낮은 누설전류 특성을 나타내었다. OTFT 제작에서는 PVP를 용질로, poly(melanine-co-formaldehyde)를 경화제로 사용한 cross-linked PVP 를 게이트 절연막으로 이용하였다. PVP copolymer($20\;wt\%$)에 $10\;wt\%$ poly(melamine- co-formaldehyde)를 혼합한 cross-linked PVP 를 게이트 절연막으로 사용하여 top contact 구조의 OTFT를 제작한 결과 약 $0.23\;cm^2/Vs$의 정공 이동도와 약 $0.4{\times}10^4$의 평균 전류점멸비를 나타내었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2000

In order to predict the chromatogram for organic acid in ion chromatography, Langmuir isotherm parameters were obtained by Retention Time Method (RTM) and moment method. Ion chromatography analysis for formic acid was performed and compared with theoretically predicted profiles under isocratic condition. Band profiles were estimated with the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography using a PDEsolver Macsyma . The relationship between the characteristics of chromatogram and the variable operating condition in chromatography such as the flow rate, ionic strength and injection volume was studied. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the experimental and the estimated chromatograms with parameters obtained form the moment method.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.355-361
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the ecophysiological characteristics of coastal plants, we collected them on salt marsh and sand dune, and analyzed inorganic ($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}$) and organic solutes (soluble carbohydrate, glycine betaine). Chenopodiaceous plant species (Atriplex gmelini, Salicornia europaea, Salsola collina, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica) showed a tendency to accumulate inorganic ions such as $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ instead of $K^+$. However, Chenopodium serotinum which lives in ruderal habitat contained more $K^+$ and less $Na^+$ than the other Chenopodiaceous plants. Most Chenopodiaceous plant species maintained very low level of soluble $Ca^{2+}$ and relatively low concentration of carbohydrates and showed high concentration of glycine betaine which is among the most effective known compatible solutes in the leaves of plant under drought and saline conditions. On the other hand, plant species which belong to Gramineae (Ishaemum anthephoroides, Phragmites communis, Zoysia sinica) and Cyperaceae (Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila) absorbed $K^+$ selectively and excluded $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ effectively regardless of habitat conditions, and they accumulated more soluble carbohydrate as osmoticum than Chenopodiaceous plants. These results suggested that physiological characteristics such as high storage capacity for inorganic ions (especially alkali cations, chloride) and the accumulation of glycine betaine in chenopodiaceous plants and $K^+$-preponderance, an efficient regulation of ionic uptake (exclusion of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$) and the accumulation of soluble carbohydrate in monocotyledonous plants enable them to grow dry and saline habitats.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.132-143
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• 2015

Water is an essential resource for humans, but fresh water becomes scarce due to population growth and contamination of limited resources. Membrane technology has been widely used for water treatment, and forward osmosis is a process which does not need high hydraulic pressure for the operation. However, there are needs for (1) development of novel draw solutes causing low internal concentration polarization and reverse salt flux for high water flux, and (2) development of economic recovery method of the draw solutes in the diluted draw solution. Previous researches on the draw solute include $NaHCO_3$ which can be regenerated by about $60^{\circ}C$ heating, sucrose which can make potable water without additional process, and magnetic nanoparticles which can be regenerated by external magnetic field. Using the principles of forward osmosis process, sea water desalination, wastewater treatment, refinement of proteins, energy generation using pressure retarded osmosis process, preparation of diluted fertilizer, and growing algae for biofuel can be conducted. This paper summarizes characteristics of ideal draw solutes, recovery method of the draw solutes, and various application examples.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.149-165
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• 2002

고도정수 멤브레인공정, 멤브레인의 특성분석방법, 자연유기물질(NOM) 용질의 멤브레인 표면 혹은 막공에서의 이동현상, 그리고 막오염(fouling)현상에 대한 연구경향을 살펴보았으며, 이와 관련 되어 이루어진 연구결과를 개략적으로 요약함으로써 고도정수 멤브레인에 대한 일반적인 이해를 돕고자 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.397-406
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• 2000

In order to clarify the ecophysiological characteristics of Chenopodiaceae which widely distribute on saline and arid habitats, we collected 10 chenopodiaceous plant species, examined their inorganic and organic solute patterns, and confirmed several common physiological characteristics. In spite of high soil Ca/sup 2＋/ contents, chenopodiaceous plants had a little water-soluble Ca within cells, but contained high contents of acid-soluble Ca particularly as a result of Ca-oxalate formation. These plant species also showed accumulation of inorganic ions such as K/sup ＋/, NO₃/sup －/ and Cl/sup －/, and Na/sup ＋/especially in saline habitats instead of K/sup ＋/ Meanwhile, with respect to nitrogen metabolism they retained high N contents in leaves, but showed very low amino acid contents. Additionally, they contained very little proline known to act as a cytoplasmic osmolyte. To ascertain whether this physiological characteristics in the field also can be found under controlled conditions, 7 chenopodiaceous plants (Atriplex gmelini, Corispermum stauntonii, Salicornia herbacea, Suaeda aspayagoides, Suaeda japonica, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum, C. serotinum) were selected and cultivated under salt treatments. As well as field-grown plants, selected plant species showed similar solute pattern in growth experiment. In summary, the family of Chenopodiaceae represents the following physiological properties; high storage capacity for inorganic ions (especially alkali cations, nitrate and chloride), oxalate synthesis to maintain lower soluble Ca contents within cytoplasm, and low contents of amino acids. In addition to some characteristics mentioned above, the physiological plasticities of Chenopodiaceae which can properly regulate their ion and solute pattern according to soil conditions may enable its representative to grow in dry sand dune and salt marsh habitats.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2016

리튬이차전지는 양극과 음극이 충전과 방전을 반복적으로 수행할 수 있는 구조를 가지고 있으며, 전극 내에서의 이온의 삽입 및 탈리가 용이하고 이들 과정이 진행되는 동안 전극의 구조가 안정하게 유지되어야 하는 전해질은 이온의 전달을 용이하게 하여야 한다. 전지에서 전극 내로 삽입되는 이온은 집전체를 통해 전극으로 들어온 전자와 전하중성을 이루어 전극 내에 전기 에너지를 저장하는 매개체가 된다. 리튬이차전지에서 전해액은 유기 전해액이 사용되고 있으며, 유기용매에 이온원으로서 용질인 리튬염을 용해시킨 것이지만 폭 넓은 환경조건하에서도 이온의 이동을 계속적으로 원활하게 하여 실용전지로서 충분한 역할을 하도록 만드는 중요한 재료이다. 본 논문에서는 전지에서 유기 전해액의 누액이 발생시 보호회로에 미치는 영향에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1994

This study uses pervaporation process to separate small amount of organic trichloroethylene, chloroform and perchloroethylene from contaminated water, since chlorinated hydrocarbones are known to be cancer suspecting compounds. For the separation of small amount of halogenated organic compound dissolved in wastewater, pervaporation membranes should be polymers that possess affinity with orgnic compounds and hydrophobicity. We used polyisobutylene, polyetheramide and polydimethylsiloxane membranes. The degree of affinity between organics and polymers were measured by contact angle method. We had good separation results that separation factor ranged from 34 to 19100 and permeate flux was$19.7~140g/m^2hr$.