• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

An organic acid material, which can be manufactured by plants extraction, encourages microbe proliferation over time. Microbial activity, which is affected by organic acid, encourages accelerating consolidation with biochemical penetration; soil particles are compacted by microbes and pore water is dissipated quickly. Additionally, $CaCO_3$ for cementation was made by proliferating microbes. Accordingly, tests were conducted to investigate the unconfined compressive strength and permeability of soil samples aged with and without an organic acid. In the 96 days of aging, the strength was generally 1.5~2.5 times greater than those without an organic acid material and permeability was definitely decreased to 74.2~93.1%. SEM analysis showed the change of pore structure and the change of the total bacteria counts revealed the activity of microbes reflecting the engineering characteristics and this material would be an environment-friendly for soil improvement.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

The field of ground amelioration, many construction methods have been developed more prosperously up to now, but even now, the majority focuses on the improvement of ground strength. And they could not suggest concrete solutions to the occurrence of environmental issues. To address this problem, soil improvement methods employing organic acid materials have recently been developed as eco-friendly technologies for increasing the soil strength, but details regarding the basic stabilization mechanism are not known yet. Against this background, this research was conducted to examine the soil stabilization mechanism; for this purpose, unconfined compressive strength and pH tests were conducted by using an improved eco-friendly organic acid material. The test results revealed that the samples processed with the organic acid showed a considerable increase in the unconfined compressive strength over time as compared to the strength of the samples that were processed without the organic acid. It was also confirmed that the organic acid material promoted microbial breeding and improved the soil structure by reducing the volume of the voids in the soil. Therefore, the sustainable development of this method needs to be analysed more in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.85-95
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• 2012

The method of using organic acid is more environment-friendly for it improves the strength of the ground. The method of proliferating microbes makes soil particle bonded, finally improves the strength of the ground and decreasing permeability. Although there has been the research on the effect of strength increasing, there has never been a research on the evaluation of field application. In this paper, through the light drop weight test, the dynamic cone penetration test, the field density test, the variation of strength was investigated in the mixed ground with organic acid for 56 days. As the results of the field test, it was found that the strength and stiffness of the ground increased with organic acid, and that through SEM-EDS, the precipitation of calcium carbonate made by specified microbe obviously increased with organic acid material and so the ground was improved. Therefore, the sustainable development of this method needs to be analysed more in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2008

The durability of concrete and the water-tightness properties of cementitous material are closely relation. So, water-tightness materials as natural minerals, organic fatty acid, organic fatty salts inorganic materials use for improvement of concrete durability. But these materials are somehow different in water-tightness mechanism. In this study, we studied on hydration properties and water-tightness properties of cementitous materials with zinc-stearate, a kind of organic fatty acid salts.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2001

현미 15% , 엿기름 3%, 홍삼 3%, 에탄올 6%를 재료로 동아를 7.5% 가한것과 가하지 않은 것을 aceto-bacter aceti 3281를 가해 $25^{\circ}C$에서 150일간 초산 발효시켰다. 그 결과. 동아를 가하지 않은 식초는 총당 6.6%, 환원당 4.0%, 단백질 16.1/ 280nm, 아미노산 4.5$\mu$M/ml, 에탄올 1.1%, pH 1.9, 산도 6.2%, 유기산 함량 6.6%를 나타냈다. 동아를 7.5% 더 가하여 만든 식초는 초당 5.2%, 환원당 3.7%, 단백질 15.6/280nm, 아미노산 4.1$\mu$M/ml, 에탄올 1.7%, pJ3.1, 산도 4.3% 유기산 함량 4.5%를 나타냈다. 5점만점 기호도 테스트에서 홍삼 식초는 4.00, 홍삼-동아식초는 3.40을 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2003

고품질 기능성 고추장을 개발하는데 고추장의 품질은 사용하는 재료, 배합비율, 제조방법, 숙성조건등에 따라 맛과 향기, 색 등에서 차이가 나타난다. 시장경쟁력에 맞추어 공장산 고추장에 기능성을 강화시키고 소비자의 기호성을 충족하기 위해 유기산과 비타민, 무기질이 풍부하고 다양한 생리적 기능성을 가진 국내산 매실엑기스를 공장산 고추장의 품질에 영향을 미치는 반제품에 농도별로 (0％(M0), 10%(M10), 20%(M20), 30%(M30)) 첨가하여 숙성 시 일어나는 화학적 성분변화를 조사하였다. 환원당은 9.6∼10.3%에서 11.9∼12.8%로 증가하였으며 매실엑기스의 첨가 농도가 낮을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 아미노산성질소는 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 증가하였으며 매실엑기스가 첨가된 시료의 경우 그 변화폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. M0(대조구)의 pH는 5.45에서 발효 중 미생물에 의한 유기산생성으로 다소 감소하였으나 M10, M20, M30은 매실에 들어있는 유기산과 키토산으로 초기 pH가 2.87∼3.38로 낮아 변화 폭은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도는 숙성기간 중 증가하였으며, 대조구에 비해 메실엑기스의 첨가농도가 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였다. 염분(NaCl)은 같은 기간 중 감소하였으며 매실엑기스의 농도가 증가할수록 낮은 수치를 보였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to show how to make the silage of raddish and Chinese cabbage leaves remained after pickling vegetable in autumn. The moisture of raw materials was controlled by the rice straw and barley bran. The results obtaind were as follows; 1. the silage composed of vegetable leaves 70%, rice straw 20% and barley bran 10% showed the best quality and desirable acid content. 2. Adding barley bran increased the crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber in the silage. 3. 10% of barley bran made the silage more palatable and also have a good colour.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-167
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• 1989

This study was conducted to determine the influence of various extracts from 21 medicinal plants including Bupleurm falcatum on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa, Oryza native and E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, and the amount of their phenolic acids, fatty acids and organic acids, Water extract(5%) of all the medicinal plants, particularly Acorus gramineus, Cnidium officinale, Aconitum carmicheali, Bulpeurum falcatum, Zingiber officinale, Angelica gigas and Curcuma zeodaria inhibited over 90% of the lettuce seed germination and growth, indicating that medicinal plants contained the biologically active substances. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was observed in Prunus crmenica var, ansu(30.6013mg/g) followed by Aconitum ciliare(29.1008mg/g) and Cnidium officienale(27.2943mg/g) which inhibited markedly the germination of testing plants, showing the close relation of phenolic compounds to inhibitory effects. Cnidium officinale contained the highest amount of fatty acids(24.10mg/g) and organic acids(21.04mg/g) which may be partly related to inhibitory effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.922-927
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• 2005

Total and individual organic acid contents of Malus domestica Borkh, cultivars, Tsugaru, Fuji Jonathan (Hong-Ok), and New Jonagold(Sin-Heung) apples, were investigated. Average titratable acidities measured by titration method and total organic acids content determined by HPLC were 241.64-444.52 and 364.23-680.80mg%, respectively. Average total organic acid contents were Jonathan 630.80mg%, New Jonagold 471.04mg%, Fuji 403.80mg%, and Tsugaru 364.23mg%, Contents of DL-malic, citric, fumaric, and quinic acid were 351.98 (Tsugaru)-579.88mg% (Jonathan), 2.14 (Fuji)-12.95mg% (Jonathan), 0.012 (Fuji)-0.060mg% (Jonathan), and 8.91 (Tsugaru)-14.20mg% (Fuji), respectively. Succinic acid was detected only from Jonathan (27.53mg%) and New Jonagold (5.20mg%), while maleic acid was not detected from all cultivars. Ratio of L-malic acid and DL-malic acid contents were 0.98-1.02 in all apple cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.279-279
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• 2009

$LiFePO_4$는 낮은 전기전도도로 인하여 전이금속의 도핑과 카본코팅으로 전기화학적 특성을 향상시키려는 연구가 많이 되어 왔다. 또한 다양한 합성법으로 $LiFePO_4$의 입자사이즈를 최적화 하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행중이다. 특히 고상 합성법은 결정의 미세화가 가능하고, 상온에서 쉽고 용이하게 원소간의 합금화 및 화학반응을 유도하는 등의 장점으로 인해 가장 널리 사용하고 있는 합성법중 하나이다. 이번 연구에서도 고상합성법을 사용하여 $LiFePO_4$를 합성했으며, 카본소스로서 카르복시산등의 유기산을 사용하여 코팅을 시도해 보았다. 이렇게 합성된 $LiFePO_4$의 물리적 측정을 통하여 입사의 형상 및 크기를 관찰하였고, 하프셀을 구성하여 전기화학적 특성을 확인하였다.