• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

Six kinds of sprout vegetables were applied three and six types of non-perforated breathable propylene films (NPB film) for individual and mixed modified atmosphere (MA) package condition at $10^{\circ}C$ on this study. As a tah tasai, kohlrabi, rape, chinese cabbage, red radish, broccoli sprouts were packaged by 20,000, 60,000, and 100,000 $cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated breathable films for seven days storage. Mixed sprout vegetables were used 20,000 cc, 40,000 cc, 60,000 cc, 80,000 cc, and 100,000 $cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated breathable films for seven days storage. Loss rate of fresh weight, changes of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene gas concentration were measured during the storage. Visual quality and off-flavor were rated by panel tests after seven days storage. Each sprout vegetable storage with film tests had been shown under the 0.5% fresh weight loss in every packaged films, and the 20,000cc NPB film package had been suitable atmosphere condition in the carbon dioxide and oxygen gas concentration. Appearance and off-odor of sprouts packaged with 20,000cc NPB film were shown better than other films because of the proper gas movement through the film to outside during the storage. Fresh weight loss of the mixed sprout vegetables had no difference among the NPB films for seven days storage. The 20,000 cc film had been resulted in that exchange rate of carbon dioxide and oxygen was highest cause of low film permeability than sprouts respiration. But the film is not good for storage because it has been made poor value of off-order even showed high visual quality from panel test after storage. 40,000 cc and 60,000 cc non-perforated breathable films were more suitable for mixed sprout vegetable storage at $10^{\circ}C$. These result suggested that 20,000 cc NPB film was good for single packaged sprout vegetable and 40,000 cc and 60,000 cc non-perforated breathable films were good for mixed packaged sprout vegetable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mulching materials on the fruit quality of Miyagawa Early Satsuma Mandarin in the plastic house. The mulching time was 10 days after water irrigation breakage. The mulching materials used, in order of decreasing light reflectivity, were; micro-perforated vinyl sheets, non-woven fabric film, porous black P.E. film and non-mulching(control). Peel coloration by a values in the treatment of the micro-perforated vinyl sheets showed a 6.93 increase over the control group. The a/b values were similar to this trend, but there were no significant difference among the mulching treatment groups. The glucose level of fruit juice was much higher in the mulching treatment groups as compared with that of the control group, but there was no significant difference among the mulching treatments. Fructose content in the treatment of the micro-perforated vinyl sheets a 0.31mg%.m $L^{-1}$ increase over the control group. This group also showed a 1.36%.m $L^{-1}$ increase in sucrose and a similar increase trend in total sugar. The Brix value was 0.9 $^{\circ}$Brix higher in the micro-perforated vinyl sheet group(12.4 $^{\circ}$Brix) than in the control group(11.5 $^{\circ}$Brix) which result in a significant increase with micro-perforated vinyl sheet usage. However, the acidity level did not differ significantly among mulching treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 2009

These studies were carried out to find the effect of packing materials and storage temperature to enhance the storability of Salicornia europaea. The fresh weight loss was less than 2% at below $10^{\circ}C$ and non-perforated package, but $25^{\circ}C$ and perforated package treatment showed more than 4% of fresh weight loss that result to deteriorate quality. The carbon dioxide and oxygen contents remained 1~2% and above 15% in non-perforated package, and these contents were in proportion to gas permeability of packing materials. All the temperature treatments except 25c showed rapidly increasing ethylene concent from 7days after storage, and the highest ethylene content was $2^{\circ}C$ treatment that should appear chilling injury. The off-odor and deterioration ratio were lowest in $5^{\circ}C$ among the temperature treatments and $50{\mu}m$ thickness ceramic film treatment at $5^{\circ}C$ storage, while packing materials did not show any trends among the temperature treatments. The shelf life based on visual quality showed highest in $50{\ss}|$ thickness ceramic film packing and $5^{\circ}C$ treatment, and that was 28days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.630-634
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• 2008

The effect of packaging methods on the quality characteristics of leaf lettuces was studied during storage at low temperature. Using five commercial packaging types: non-perforated PP (polypropylene) film bags, PP film roll, perforated PP film bags, PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) trays, and micro-perforated LDPE film bags, changes in color, respiration rate, and weight loss of leaf lettuces were investigated. Packaging in non-perforated PP film bags minimized color change and weight loss during storage. The leaf lettuces packaged in non-perforated PP film bags, among the five packaging choices, showed good external appearance and offered the greatest sale potential in the domestic market. However, there were no clear differences in the respiration rates of lettuces packed in various ways. The PET tray afforded very good protection of leaf lettuces from physical damage. The results indicate that the marketability of lettuces may be directly affected by the packaging modes employed, and that the optimal packaging may be non-perforated PP film bags; these keep lettuces fresh during low-temperature storage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2011

The aim of this study was investigated long distance export condition of paprika from Korea to Canada, and evaluated the effect of non-perforated breathable films on the storability of paprika during MA storage in the simulated long distance export condition. The long distance export condition of paprika from Korea to Canada was $7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% during shipping for 20 days, and then the temperature of that was increased to $13^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours during transferring from refrigerated container to storage room in Canada, and decreased $3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ for 3 days before distributing to local markets. The temperature and relative humidity of local markets was $16^{\circ}C$ and 60%, respectively. The packing material treatments were non-packing, as control, perforated film (6 mm diameter hole, $18holes/m^2$), and 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated films (oxygen transmission rate was 5,000, 20,000 and 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$). Under the simulated long distance export condition; $7^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% for 15 days and then $20^{\circ}C$ and RH 55% for 7 days, the fresh weight loss of paprika was less than 1% in 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments but was more than 4% in control and perforated film treatment that showed severe deterioration of visual quality after 20 days of storage. The atmosphere of paprika packages was changed 5% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide in 5,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ treatment, and 16% oxygen and 4~5% carbon dioxide in 20,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ treatment during room temperature storage after cold storage for 15 days. A carbon dioxide concentration of these 2 treatments was exceeded the optimal MA and CA condition. There was no significant difference in ethylene concentration among 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments. A paprika packed with 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated film showed the highest visual quality under the simulated long distance export condition. However, the firmness and soluble solids did not show any significant difference among 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments. Therefore, we may suggest that 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ laser treated non-perforated film was the proper film for MAP of paprika under long distance export condition that was $7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% for 15 days, and then $20^{\circ}C$ and RH 55% for 7 days.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2022

도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum)는 초롱꽃과 도라지속에 속하는 여러해살이풀로 7~8월에 보라색이나 흰색의 꽃을 피우고, 뿌리는 다육질로 원주형 또는 분지형이다. 잎은 거의 엽병이 없는 대생이며, 종자는 난형으로 3개의 모서리가 있다. 항염증 성분인 플라티코딘이 들어있어 편도염을 비롯한 후두염, 폐렴 등에 효과가 있어 우리나라 약용작물 재배면적의 상위를 차지하고 있는 주요 작물이다. 최근, 백수오, 감초 등 심근성 약용작물은 뿌리의 수확 비용 절감을 위해 용기재배가 도입되고 있다. 본 연구는 도라지 용기재배에 적합한 용기의 규격과 고온 경감을 위한 용기 재료 선발을 위해 수행하였다. 도라지 용기재배에 적합한 용기의 규격 선발은 기본 용기로 플라스틱 플륨관을 사용하였고, 높이는 40cm로 고정하여 직경을 10, 20, 30cm로 처리하였다. 2019년 4월 하순에 도라지 종자를 파종하여 용기 규격별로 각각 1주(10cm), 4주(20cm), 8주(30cm)를 남겨 두고 솎음 다음, 2020년 10월 하순에 수확하였다. 도라지의 생육 및 수량성을 조사한 결과, 용기의 직경이 증가함에 따라 근장, 근경, 근중 등 지하부 생육이 우수한 경향이었다. 또한, 10a당 수량은 노지재배 749kg에 비해 직경 10cm 778kg, 20cm 849kg, 30cm 1,156kg로 직경 30cm가 가장 우수하였다. 직경이 증가할수록 수량성이 증가하였으나 직경 30cm 이상의 용기는 수확 시 노동력이 증가하고, 배양토 비용이 증가하여 사용하지 않았다. 고온 경감을 위한 용기 재료 선발은 흰색과 검정색 플라스틱 플륨관을 높이 40cm × 직경 30cm 규격으로 절단하여 2020년 4월에 도라지 종자를 파종하였고, 2021년 10월 하순에 수확하였다. 이 중 검정색 용기는 무처리(대조), 유공, 반유공, 흰색부직포, 반사필름 처리를 하였다. 도라지의 수량성을 조사한 결과, 검정색 용기 중 유공처리가 무처리 대비 수량이 21%(1,080 → 1,304kg/10a) 증가하였다. 위의 결과로 도라지는 직경 30cm의 검정색 유공 용기가 용기재배에 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine effects of precooling and storage methods on asparagus spears' quality such as changes of fresh weight and color during simulated export distribution. Two types of precooling methods, air cooling and hydrocooling, were applied prior to packaging by comparing with no precooling as a control. Asparagus spears were packed with oxygen transmission rate (OTR) film for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and perforated (PF) film for a conventional packaging. All treatments were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours, and subsequently at $4^{\circ}C$ by final storage day, which is simulated distribution temperature condition from Yanggu, Korea to Shimonoseki, Japan. The half cooling time was 12 minutes for air cooling and 15 seconds for the hydrocooling, indicating precooling process of asparagus spears faster with the hydrocooling. Rates of respiration and ethylene production were lowest with hydrocooling. Fresh weight loss was higher, approximately 11%, at the control condition in conventional storage, compared with the MAP, less than 0.5%. Carbon dioxide and oxygen content in the MAP was in the permissible ranges for asparagus spears under recommended CA/MA conditions under both the air cooling and hydrocooling. Ethylene content in the film package was lower with the precooling treatment. Firmness of stems was lowest with the hydrocooling prior to the MAP. Visual quality, off-odor, and hue angle value were best with hydrocooling prior to the MAP. In conclusion, the combination of hydrocooling with the MAP is effective in preserving quality during the export distribution process.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2019

전북 완주군 농가에서 2017년 12월에 재배한 '시베리아'와 '메두사' 품종을 1시간 이내에 국립원예특작과학원 실험실로 이동하였다. 알약(SmartFreshTM, AgroFresh Inc., USA)형태의 1-MCP를 1.875g/3.55m3 기준으로 정량하여 Activator Kit(SmartFreshTM, AgroFresh Inc., USA)에 넣어 마개를 닫고 몇 번 흔들어주어 녹인 후 1.5 ppm이 되도록 처리하였으며 3시간 훈증 후 30분 환기하였다. 훈증처리 후 절화 백합은 유공 필름 슬리브를 이용하여 포장한 후 골판지상자에 넣어 모의 수출환경에서 수송방식은 건식(건조처리)상태로 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장고에 암상태로 저장하면서 무처리를 대조로 에틸렌 노출 조건 조성을 위하여 후레쉬라이프(탑프레쉬) 5g 봉지를 상자내부 5개, 상자외부 저장고 내에 10개로 총 15개의 에틸렌 발생제 처리를 하였다. 백합 절화 신선도 유지기간 연장을 위한 선도유지제 전처리 효과는 1.5 ppm 1-MCP 3시간 훈증처리에 의해 잎의 황화현상을 지연시키는 효과가 있었다. 전체적으로 판정한 절화수명은 '시베리아'는 무처리 9.0일, 1-MCP 훈증 9.0일, 에틸렌 발생제 8.3일, 1-MCP 훈증+에틸렌 발생제 9.5일이었으며 '메두사'는 무처리 6.5일, 1-MCP 훈증 7.5일, 에틸렌 발생제 5.7일, 1-MCP 훈증+에틸렌 발생제 8.5일로 나타났다. 에틸렌에 노출은 꽃의 빠른 노화를 야기하여 절화수명을 단축 시켰으며 이상개화를 보이는 꽃도 있어 상품성이 크게 떨어졌다. 1-MCP에 의해 잎의 황화 억제에 효과적이었으며 저장 중 에틸렌 발생제를 동시에 처리하였을 때 품질유지 효과가 더 크게 나타났으며 '메두사' 품종에서는 만개시 화색도 더 진하게 나타났다. 따라서, 저온저장이나 선적시 에틸렌 발생이 많은 품목과 혼합하게 될 것이 예상될 경우에 품질유지를 위해 1-MCP 훈증처리를 하면 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.511-517
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• 2015

This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of root restriction materials and media on the growth of runner plantlets of 'Seolhyang' strawberry in a nursery field. To achieve this, the influence of three kinds of root media on the growth of runner plantlets was monitored when polyethylene film was used as the root restriction material. In addition, the influence of various root restriction materials (RRS) such as transparent polyethylene film (PE), non-woven fabric (NF), perforated polyethylene film (PP), and root proofing sheet (RPS) on the changes in volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature of root media as well as growth of runner plantlet were investigated when expanded rice hull (ERH) was used as the root medium. In the comparison of root media, growth parameters such as leaf area and crown thickness at 20 d after fixation as well as crown thickness and fresh weights of root and above-ground tissue at 40 d after runner plantlet fixation were higher in the ERH treatment than in sandy loam and loamy sand. When the influence of RRS was compared, the VWC of ERH was 55% just after irrigation, but decreased to 26% at just before irrigation. Ranges of the VWC as influenced by irrigation cycle were 16 to 10% in the PP and less than 10% in the NF and RPS. The soil temperature in the PE treatment was around $1^{\circ}C$ lower than in NF, PP, and RPS. The differences between day and night temperatures were also smaller in the PE treatment rather than those in NF, PP, and RPS. The growths of runner plantlet 50 d after fixation showed that plant heights as well as fresh weights of root and above-ground tissue were higher in the PE treatment than in NF, PP, and RPS. NF and PP did not effectively restrict roots inside the medium and the roots of runner plantlets penetrated through the root restriction materials resulting in the formation of root system below the restriction materials. The above results indicate that ERH is more effective than sandy loam or loamy sand as root medium. PE rather than NF, PP, or RPS as root restriction material resulted in better growth of runner plantlets in propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. The results of this research will be used for production of high quality runner plantlets in strawberry propagation.