• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2018

Due to the recent development of social media and mobile devices, graph data have been using in various fields. In addition, caching techniques for reducing I/O costs in the process of large capacity graph data have been studied. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer caching scheme considering the connectivity of the graph, which is the characteristics of the graph topology, and the history of the past subgraph usage. The proposed scheme divides a cache into Used Data Cache and Prefetched Cache. The Used Data Cache maintains data by weights according to the frequently used sub-graph patterns. The Prefetched Cache maintains the neighbor data of the recently used data that are not used. In order to extract the graph patterns, their past history information is used. Since the frequently used sub-graphs have high probabilities to be reused, they are cached. It uses a strategy to replace new data with less likely data to be used if the memory is full. Through the performance evaluation, we prove that the proposed caching scheme is superior to the existing cache management scheme.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2007

For calculation of wave field for design of coastal and port structures, generally the wind fields from inland observation record or the predicted waves from deep water wave transformation model are being used. However, for the first case, as we should revise the wave data adopting correcting parameters depending on the distance from the coast and location, it is difficult to extract water waves from wind field. Furthermore, for the second case, because of the calculation which executed under very large grid sizes in the wide domain, the simulation(wave transformation) implied uncertainty in the near shore area and shallow region. So it's difficult to obtain exact data from the simulation. Thus, in this study the calculation of wave field on shallow water is accomplished using the observed data of typhoon 'Maemi' in the Korea Eastern South sea. Moreover, for the accuracy of the calculated wave field, we compared and studied the observed data of wave height and direction on the vicinity of the Ulsan waters. It is proved that the results of this study is more accurate than the existing method with showing ${\pm}1.3%$ difference between observed and calculated wave height distribution in Ulsan waters

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.11B
• /
• pp.1346-1356
• /
• 2011

Transportation has been playing important role in our society by providing for people, freight, and information. However, it cuts its own throat by causing car accidents, traffic congestion, and air pollution. The main cause of these problems is a noticeable growth in the number of vehicles. The easiest way to mitigate these problems is to build new road infrastructures unless resources such as time, money, and space are limited. Therefore, there is a need to manage the existing road infrastructures effectively and safely. In this paper, we propose a road reservation scheme that provides fast and safe response for emergency vehicles using ubiquitous sensor network. Our idea is to allow emergency vehicle to reserve a road on a freeway for arriving to the scene of the accident quickly and safely. We evaluate the performance by three reservation method (No, Hop, and Full) to show that emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks, or police cars can rapidly and safely reach their destination. Simulation results show that the average speed of road reservation is about 1.09 ~ 1.20 times faster than that of non-reservation at various flow rates. However, road reservation should consider the speed of the emergency vehicle and the road density of the emergency vehicle processing direction, as a result of Hop Reservation and Full Reservation performance comparison analysis. We confirm that road reservation can guarantee safe driving of emergency vehicles without reducing their speed and help to mitigate traffic congestion.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to privide basic data for footwear development according to walking mechanics by comparing gait cycle difference between barefoot walking and walking shoes. The walking period was measured in 30 normal adult women with no foot deformity and abnormality. The first subject walked in sneakers and measured the cycle. And then, the subjects walked barefoot and the period was measured to obtain data. The data were taken form corresponding paired T-test. The results were as follows: In barefoot walking, the stance phase left side(p <.001), right side(p <.005), the loading response left side(p <.009), right side(p <.002) ), the pre-swing left side(p <.002), right side (p <.011), the double stance phase(p <.004) were increased and the mid-stance left side (p <.016), right side(p. 001), the swing phase left side(p<.001) was decreased. This suggests that barefoot walking increases the input of various senses of the foot, which makes stable walking possible. It is necessary to improve shoes based on the walking cycle in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 2018

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we proposed the image hiding method which decreases calculation amount by encrypt partial data using discrete wavelet transform and linear scale quantization which were adopted as the main technique for frequency transform in JPEG2000 standard. Also we used the chaotic system which has smaller calculation amount than other encryption algorithms and then dramatically decreased calculation amount. This method operates encryption process between quantization and entropy coding for preserving compression ratio of images and uses the subband selection method and the random changing method using the chaotic system. For ciphering the quantization index we use a novel image encryption algerian of cyclically shifted in the right or left direction and encrypts two quantization assignment method (Top-down/Reflection code), made change of data less. Also, suggested encryption method to JPEG2000 progressive transmission. The experiments have been performed with the proposed methods implemented in software for about 500 images. consequently, we are sure that the proposed are efficient image encryption methods to acquire the high encryption effect with small amount of encryption. It has been shown that there exits a relation of trade-off between the execution time and the effect of the encryption. It means that the proposed methods can be selectively used according to the application areas. Also, because the proposed methods are performed in the application layer, they are expected to be a good solution for the end-to-end security problem, which is appearing as one of the important problems in the networks with both wired and wireless sections.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 1978

이제까지 알려진 바에 의(依)하면 우리 나라에서 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마 분포양상(分布樣相)은 강원도지역(江原道地域)이 가장 저율(低率)로 나타난 것을 볼 수 있다. 그 이유(理由)로서는 이들 양흡충은 반드시 제(第)1 및 제(第)2중간숙주(中間宿主)를 통한 生活環(생활환)이 완성(完成)되어야만 하는데, 이들 중간숙주분포(中間宿主分布)가 강원도지역(江原道地域)이 낮은 까닭인듯 하다. 우연(偶然)한 기회(機會)에 저자(著者)는 강원도(江原道)의 일부지역(一部地域)은 폐(肺)디스토마의 감염(感染)이 적지 않다는 정보(情報)를 입수(入手)하고 이에 흥미(興味)를 갖게 되었으며, 특(特)히 농후감염지역(濃厚感染地域)으로 예상(豫想)되는 횡성군(橫城郡)의 일부지역(一部地域), 폐(肺), 청일면(廳日面) 신대리(里) 일대(一帶)와 서원면(面) 유현리(里)에서의 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마의 감염상(感染相)을 파악(把握)할 목적(目的)으로 본(本) 조사(調査)를 전도(全圖)하였다. 검사방법(檢査方法)으로는 일단(一旦) 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마의 VBS 항원(抗原)으로 피내반응검사(皮內反應檢査)를 실시(實施)하여 간(肝)디스토마 피내반응검사(皮內反應檢査)에 대(對)해서는 객담검사(喀痰檢査)와 면역혈청반응으로 보체결합반응(補體結合反應), 간접형광항체반응(間接螢光抗體反應) 및 Ouchterlony 반응(反應)을 하여 좀더 정확(正確)한 감염상황(感染狀況)을 파악(把握)하고저 하였다. 그 결과(結果)의 개요(槪要)는 아래와 같다. 1. 횡성군(橫城群) 신대리(里)와 우현리(里)의 주민(住民) 680명(名)에 대(對)한 폐(肺)디스토마의 VBS항원(抗原)에 의(依)한 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 12.4%이었고 간(肝)디스토마의 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 12.5%이었다. 2. 성별(性別)에 따른 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)의 차이(差異)는 간(肝)디스토마의 경우, 여자(女子) 7.4%에 비(比)하여 남자(男子)가 17.1%이었고, 폐(肺)디스토마의 경우는 여자(女子)가 20.7%인데 반(反)하여 남자(男子)가 42.9%로서 2배(倍) 이상(以上)의 고율(高率)이었다. 3. 연령별(年令別)로 보면, 간(肝)디스토마 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 31~40재(才)가 22.1%로 가장 고율(高率)이었고, 폐(肺)디스토마 양성율(陽性率)은 21~30재(才) 사이가 58.5%로서 가장 높았다. 4. 폐(肺)디스토마 피내반응양성자(皮內反應陽性者)에 대(對)하여 객담검사(喀痰檢査)를 실시(實施)한 바 105명(名) 중 11명(名)(10.5%)의 충란검출자(蟲卵檢出者)를 볼 수 있었다. 또 이들에 대(對)한 면역혈청반응(免疫血淸反應)으로 보체결합반응(補體結合反應), 간접형광항체반응(間接螢光抗體反應) 및 Ouchterlony 반응(反應)을 실시(實施)한 바, 각각 42.5%, 50.3% 및 45.8%로서 거의 일치(一致)된 성적(成績)을 나타내어 피내반응양성자(皮內反應陽性者)의 약반수(約半數)에서 이들 혈청반응(血淸反應)이 양성(陽性)으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 1988

科學의 발전과 經濟의 高度成長으로 食生活의 向上은 人間의 수명을 크게 연장시키고 있다. 韓國에 있어서도 이러한 傾向은 같은 樣相이며 더욱이 보건형태가 차차 변경되어 가고 있다. 女性의 平均수명은 男性보다 길며 近來에 이르러 女性人口의 95%가 閉經을 經驗할 때까지 生存하고 있다고 한다. 이러한 실정임에도 불구하고 우리나라 女性의 閉經年令, 更年期에 處한 婦人들의 건강 및 營養攝取狀態, 食生活 態度등에 關한 情報가 파악되어 있지 않고 있다. 本 硏究는 이 點을 감안하여 우리나라의 中年女性의 건강管理의 指針을 세우기 위하여 생물학적 요인 및 환경적 요인이 閉經年令 및 更年期婦人의 건강狀態와 食行動에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하여 보았다. 本 硏究는 1980년 12월에서 1981년 2월까지 3개월간 韓國의 2個의 大都市와 5個의 小都市에 거주하는 40歲에서 60歲까지의 女性을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 다음과 같은 사항을 조사하였다. 조사내용으로 1) 폐경연령, 주거환경, 사회경제적 조건, 체위, 임신횟수, 유산경험의 유무 2) 건강상태, 갱년기 자각증상, 유경시 월경의 순, 불순상태 그리고 3) 영양섭취상태와 식행동 등이다. 本論文은 調査內容 中 第 2 報로 更年期女性의 영양섭취상태와 식생활 행동 그리고 更年期 현상과의 關係를 關例시켜 검토하였다. 간이식품 섭취 사항 조사표를 사용하여 영양소의 섭취상태를 조사한 결과 大都市群은 energy, 지방, thiamin 및 ascorbic acid 의 섭취상태가 그 對照群에 比하여 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 열양 구성비에 대한 검토를 보면 糖質:蛋白質:脂肪(C:P:E)의 比가 64~67%:14%:19%~22%였으며 大都市群은 小都市群에 比해 脂肪에서의 energy섭취가 유의적으로 높았다. 더욱이 사회 경제적 측면으로 보아도 지방섭취는 저소득층에서 낮은 경향을 보여주었다. 更年期女性의 음식에 대한 기호變化의 검토를 통해 관찰한 것에 의하면 閉經者가 未閉經者에 比해 더 많이 食品嗜好의 變化를 경험하고 있다고 지적\ulcorner\ulcorner있다. 37.4%와 28.1%가 각기 기호의 變化를 경험하고 있었으며 이는 兩群間에 有意차가 높음을 보여주었다. 閉經 후 2年頃부터 食品의 嗜好變化를 느끼고 있다고 하는 사람이 많았으며 음식은 기름기 있는 것보다 담백한 것, 肉類보다는 生鮮, 果實, 野菜를 더 선호하는 경향이라고 하였다. 자극성이 있는 것에서 덜 자극성 있는 것을 찾는 경향이었다. 이들의 食品선택구조를 파악하는 것은 그 지역의 특수한 영양문제뿐만 아니라 그들의 영양교육, 더 나아가서는 그 지역의 식량영양정책 수립을 위해 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 大都市群은 肉類, 卵類, 乳類 및 그 製品등의 선택과 빵이나 butter 등의 食品과 正의 相關性을 나타내고 있었으나(p<0.01) 김치와 같은 韓國의 傳統的 食品의 선택時는 乳類, 果實, 빵과 같은 近代的 感覺의 食品과는 負의 相關性을 나타냈다. 한편 김치는 밥 및 기타 곡류 그리고 서류와는 正 相關性을 시사하였다. 小都市群은 對照群과는 多少 상이한 식품선택 구조를 보이고 있다. 즉 卵類나 乳類를 섭취할 수 있는 사회경제적 조건, 그리고 기호를 갖는 사람들은 서류를 제외한 모든 식품과 正의 相關性을 나타냈다. 어느 群이든 밥과 김치는 높은 相關性을 나타내고 있으며, 이 두 식품은 韓國人의 食生活의 基本이 되고 있으며 이를 土臺로 다른 食品의 선택은 地域的, 社會經濟的, 그리고 個人의 기호에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 것이 시사되었다. 閉經前 後의 更年期라는 것은 30餘年 間의 性 hormone의 周期的分泌에 依한 月周期가 停止하는 時期이며, 內分泌環境의 變化에 依한 生體 리듬의 異常은 各種 更年期증상의 원인이 되고 있다. 有經時의 月經주기의 이상을 경험하는 사람에게 특히 更年期증상中 食慾不振이나 不眠 등의 不平 數가 많았다. 이러한 점으로 미루어 보아 estrogen과 食慾과의 相關性은 높음이 시사되었다. 이는 不眠症과는 연관성이 있으며 性홀몬 分泌의 亂脈은 食事攝取의 리듬을 흐틀어 놓으며 이것이 生體리듬의 變化를 유발한다고 본다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.316-329
• /
• 2008

Recently the increased attention pays on the processing of multiple, relatively low quantity, high value-added products resulted in adoption of batch process in the chemical process industry such as pharmaceuticals, polymers, bio-chemicals and foods. As there are more possibilities of the improvement of operations in batch process than continuous processes, a lot of effort has been made to enhance the productivity and operability of batch processes. But the chemical process industry faces a range of uncertainties factors such as demands for products, prices of product, lead time for the supply of raw materials and in the production, and the distribution of product. And global competition has made it imperative for the process industries to manage their supply chains optimally. Supply chain management aims to integrate plants with their supplier and customers so that they can be managed as a single entity and coordinate all input/output flows (of materials, information) so that products are produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time.The objective of this study is to solve the purchase, distribution, production planning and scheduling problem, which minimizes the total costs of production, inventory, and transportation under uncertainty. And development of SCM model in chemical industry including batch mode operations. Through that, the enterprise can respond to uncertainty. Also integrated process optimal planning and scheduling model for manufacturing supply chain. The result shows that, the advantage of supply chain integration are quality matters seen by customers and suppliers, order schedules, flexibility, cost reduction, and increase in sales and profits. Also, an integration of supply chain (production and distribution system) generates significant savings by trading off the costs associated with the whole, rather than minimizing supply chain costs separately.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.587-598
• /
• 2016

In predicting an outcome of election using a variety of methods ahead of the election, non-response is one of the major issues. Therefore, to address the non-response issue, a variety of methods of non-response imputation may be employed, but the result of forecasting tend to vary according to methods. In this study, in order to improve electoral forecasts, we studied a model based method of non-response imputation attempting to apply the Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM) algorithm, introduced by Wei and Tanner (1990). The MCEM algorithm using maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) is applied to solve the boundary solution problem under the non-ignorable non-response mechanism. We performed the simulation studies to compare estimation performance among MCEM, maximum likelihood estimation, and Bayesian estimation method. The results of simulation studies showed that MCEM method can be a reasonable candidate for non-response model estimation. We also applied MCEM method to the Korean presidential election exit poll data of 2012 and investigated prediction performance using modified within precinct error (MWPE) criterion (Bautista et al., 2007).