• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 1983

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplement of Zeolite mineral whose C.E.C. is high, on the nutrients content in the compost and changes of compost status during its stacking period in 1982. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. By the supplement of Zeolite, the decomposing temperature in the compost was tended to be continued higher rather than that of nonsupplemented plot. 2. The contents of $NH_4-N$, $P_2O_5$, and $SiO_2$ in the compost were conspicuously increased by the supplement of Zeolite, poultry manure and urea etc, during the stacking period. It was considered that the supplement of Zeolite was much effective on the prevention of the waste of nutrients in the compost because the nutrients content was shown much high along with the progress of decomposition. 3. It was accepted to be the effect of Zeolite on shortening the period of compost decomposition and the prevention of the waste of nutrients content because the C/N ratio of the compost plots to supplement with the mixture of poultry manure, urea and Zeolite were 21.7 - 25.0 at 30 days after stacking but its of non-Zeolite treated plots were 21.3 - 24.8 at 60 days after stacking. 4. The C/N ratio in the compost and decrease rate of compost volume at 90 days after stacking was found to be significantly negative correlation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

A study was conducted to dectermine the days with optimum soil moisture after drainage or rain for machine workability and seeding establishment on dry seeding in paddy soils(Jeon buk Series, Haplaquepts). The results are summarized as follows. 1. The possible days of tractor-rotary plough were 5days or more for non-mole hole plot(control). The possible days were 2~4days and the optimum days were 5~6days for mole hale plat. 2. The ratio of soil clod(<1cm) was 1 % and 15% for control and mole hole plats, respectively. The optimum soil moisture range for seeding establishment was 31~32% in this soils. 3. The possible days of combine harvesting work were 9days and 5days after drainage for control and mole hole plots, respectively. 4. Soil physical properties were improved but soil organic matter calcium and magnesium in the soil were decreased in the mole hole plats. 5. Yield was 415kg/10a at seeding after 6day drainage in control and 440kg/10a at seeding after 4day drainage in the mole plots.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.360-365
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to develop nano-pore silica particles and to modify its surface for use as an enzyme immobilization matrix. Sol-gel reaction was used to produce silica particles of various nano pore sizes with hydroxyl groups on their surfaces. The surface was modified with aldehyde that was confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Trypsin was covalently immobilized by reductive amination. Surface density of the immobilized trypsin was ca. $350{\mu}g/m^2$, which was approximately 17- and 35-fold higher than those from the surfaces with hydroxyl and amine group, respectively. About 90% of the initial enzyme activity was maintained after the 12th use of repeated use. When compared with the commercial matrices, the nano-pore silica particle was superior in terms of immobilization yield and specific activity. This study suggests the nano porous silica particles can be used as enzyme immobilization matrix for industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1979

At the holding of live anchovies which will be used as bait for the skipjack fishing, it is necessary to transrer the holding creel to the holding ground from the long distanted fishing ground. Usually, the creel made with net webbing and shaped like pound, was towed with a tow rope fastened to the front fringe or it, when two serious problems were found. The one was that the leading flap or the webbing of creel was drifted backward by the drag and caused to decrease the volume of the creel and made anchovies mortal. The other was that much time were spent to tow creels for long distance with slow speed, whereas to tow fast made anchovies worn out and caused them mortal. To prevent these defect, the authors carried out a model experiment in a circular flowing tank with a 1/15 scale model creel by four different arrangement of towing, and found out two suitable method, then these two methods were experimented in the sea with full rigged creel, and found the most suitable method out. To decrease the interior current speed of the creel even if it was towed fast, the apron which made by the same webbing of the creel body was enclosed the leading flap of creel, when the interior current speed showed the 35 to 40 percent of towing speed, whereas it showed 50 to 55 percent without apron.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Differences among cultivars, conditions of nutrient solution, nursing materials, and soilless culture systems were investigated to select suitable cultivar and cultivation methods for stable production of summer spinach in the highlands. The 'Quinto' spinach showed the earliest growth and highest yield. For yield increase of summer spinach, optimal solution pH was 6.0, EC was $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $NH_4-N$ ratio of nutrient solution was 30 percent Stand rate of spinach in nursing seedlings, at 200-cell-tray filled with mixed nursing soil (peat : perlite = 7 : 3), was higher than those grown in urethane sponge and rock-wool plug. Yield was also 18 to 24 percent higher than those in rock-wool plug and urethane sponge. Plant length and yield of spinach in mixed substrate (peat : perlite = 7 : 3) filled nutrient film technique (MSNFT) system were longer of 18 percent, and higher of 9 percent than those in deep flow technique (DFT) system, respectively. However, changes of root zone temperature, pH and EC showed similar pattern with DFT. Therefore, growing 'Quinto' cultivar at 6.0 of pH, $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of EC, 30 percent of $NH_4-N$ ratio, at 200-cell-tray filled with mixed nursing soil, and MSNFT cultivation system, was the best for production of summer spinach in the highlands.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2003

In 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), many studies on reducing setup error have been conducted in order to focus the irradiation on the tumors while sparing normal tissues as much as possible. As one of these efforts, we developed an image enhancement and registration tool for simulators and portal images that analyze setup errors in a quantitative manner. For setup verification, we used simulator (films and EC-L films (Kodak, USA) as portal images. In addition, digital-captured images during simulation, and digitally-reconstructed radiographs (DRR) can be used as reference images in the software, which is coded using IDL5.4 (Research Systems Inc., USA). To improve the poor contrast of portal images, histogram-equalization, and adaptive histogram equalization, CLAHE (contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization) was implemented in the software. For image registration between simulator and portal images, contours drawn on the simulator image were transferred into the portal image, and then aligned onto the same anatomical structures on the portal image. In conclusion, applying CLAHE considerably improved the contrast of portal images and also enabled the analysis of setup errors in a quantitative manner.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

통과대명대저명의가(通過對明代著名醫家), 온보파창시자설기(溫補派創始者薛己)$(1487{\sim}1559)$적생애화의학사상(的生涯和醫學思想), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論): 설기생여의학세가(薛己生於醫學世家), 종소학습유학화의학(從小學習儒學和醫學), 기부사후(其父死後), 체부진입태의원성료의사(替父進入太醫院成了醫士), 지후선후역임태의원이목(之後先後歷任太醫院吏目), 남경태의원원판(南京太醫院院判), 원사등직(院使等職), 병어1540년(44세)기관회향(幷於1540年(44歲)棄官回鄕), 전심여치료환자여저술(專心於治療患者與著述). 설기적저작대부분내(薛己的著作大部分內) 용이의안형식서사(容以醫案形式書寫), 기내용포함내과(其內容包含內科), 외과(外科), 부산과(婦産科), 소아과(小兒科), 침구과(鍼灸科), 치과(齒科), 안과(眼科), 골과(骨科), 본초등(本草等). 기본인친(其本人親) 자저술적유이(自著述的有以)${\ulcorner}$내과적요(內科摘要)${\lrcorner}$위시약12종(爲始約12種), 교주적유이(校注的有以)${\ulcorner}$부인대전양방(婦人大全良方)${\lrcorner}$위시8종(爲始8種), 교감적의서약유6종(校勘的醫書約有6種), 공계대약(共計大約) 유26종지다(有26種之多). 설기수(薛己受)${\ulcorner}$내경(內經)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$난경(難經)${\lrcorner}$급장원소화금원사대가적영향교심(及張元素和金元四大家的影響較深). 재사대가중(在四大家中), 우기수동원화단계적영향최심(尤其受東垣和丹溪的影響最深). 차외(此外), 가지기수교주의서적영향역교대(可知其受校注醫書的影響亦較大), 기통과박람군서(其通過博覽群書), 대담실천(大膽實踐), 광수자료(廣收資料), 선우총결(善于總結), 최종성료일명의가(最終成了一名醫家). 설기수이동원(薛己受李東垣)${\ulcorner}$비위론(脾胃論)${\lrcorner}$적영향(的影響), 강조비위적중요성(强調脾胃的重要性), 병수차제출비통혈적이론(幷首次提出脾統血的理論) 기여이동원적학설부동지처시(其與李東垣的學說不同之處是), 재치료화쇠토약형허한증시(在治療火衰土弱型虛寒證時), 주장이보화생토지법내치료(主張以補火生土之法來治療), 인위비여신적생리작용호위관련(認爲脾與腎的生理作用互爲關聯), 비토화생정미(脾土化生精微), 이자양신여명문(以滋養腎與命門) 반과래(反過來), 신여명문역대위토기온후작용(腎與命門亦對緯土起溫煦作用); 이재병리방면(而在病理方面), 비토구허(脾土久虛), 가치신허(可致腎虛), 신허즉불능생토(腎虛則不能生土), 역가치비허(亦可致脾虛). 설기적극반대명대의가수금원지유풍(薛己積極反對明代醫家受金元之遺風), 이한양약공하(以寒凉藥攻下), 혹남용지백이강화(或濫用知柏以降火), 극벌생기적작법(克伐生氣的作法), 이주장용편온적약물진행조보(而主張用偏溫的藥物進行調補), 기상용적전인처방유보중익기탕(其常用的前人處方有補中益氣湯), 사물탕(四物湯), 사군자탕(四君子湯), 육군자탕(六君子湯), 독삼탕(獨蔘湯), 삼부탕(蔘附湯), 육미환(六味丸), 팔미환(八味丸), 신기환(腎氣丸), 회양탕(回陽湯), 당귀보혈탕등(當歸補血湯等).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.396-401
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• 1997

Tailoring thoracoplasty is employed prior to, following, or concomitant with pulmonary resection when it is anticipated that insufHclent lung tissue will remain to fill the pleural space following a pulmonary resection. This study reviewed a series of eight patients treated with tailoring thoracoplasty between 1990 and 1995. Indications were to close a persistent space In four patients and to tailor the thoracic cavity to accept diminished lung volume concomitant with a pulmonary resection in the other four patients. The primary underlying disease was lung cancer in three patients and pulmonary tuberculosis In five patients, two of whom had concomitant aspcrgilloma, two, pneumothora , and one, empyema with bronchopleural fistula. In four patients with a prior pulmonary resection, the tailoring thoracoplasty was performed within eight days after the resection surgery. There was no failure to accommodate the thoracic cavity to insufficient lung tissue, even though two patients needed a second thoracoplasty. We conclude that tailoring thoracoplasty may be performed to close anticipated persistent pleural space and to accommodate diminished lung volume with acceptable cosmetic results Early, after, or concomitant with pulmonary resection in selected patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

There are differences in recommendations in the USA as to whether nitrogen fertilizer should be applied when establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). The reason for not applying nitrogen is because some researchers found the addition of nitrogen reduced nodulation of alfalfa plants. A replicated experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions at the University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA, to determine the effects of nitrogen application on seedling growth and nodulation of alfalfa when grown in a cool environment. A sterile sand was used in the growing media to which a complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen was applied volumetrically to each pot daily. Half of the pots received $NH_4NO_3$, at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha, at seeding and two and four weeks after planting, giving a total nitrogen application rate of 33.6 kg/ha. Rhizobia inoculant (R-12) consisted of a mixture of strains 171-15a. 1682c and 80 PI 265 of Rhizobium meliloti. Inoculant was applied to the seeds prior to planting and to the sand media at two and four weeks after seeding. Twenty seeds were planted in pots 14.0 cm in diameter and 11.5 cm deep. Seedlings were thinned after emergence to ten plants per pot. They were grown in a controlled environment chamber with a 16-hour light period. Soil temperatures at 6 cm depth ranged from $5.7^{\circ}C\;to\;21.5^{\circ}C$ and had a daily mean of $16.2^{\circ}C$ Plants were harvested at weekly intervals for seven weeks at which time root, shoot and total length, dry weight, volume and number of nodules per plant were determined. Root, shoot and total length were not affected by nitrogen fertilizer. However, application of nitrogen increased the size of the seedlings as determined by dry weight and volume when compared to plants which were not fertilized. This indicates that rhizobia did not fix enough atmospheric nitrogen to promote good growth. Nitrogen application resulted in significantly more nodules per plant. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer became more apparent as the plant became older. Results of this experiment show there are benefits from applying nitrogen at a low rate when establishing alfalfa under a cool environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.51-53
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• 1994

담수는 인간의 생존에 필수적인 요소이다. 우리는 매일 일정량의 물을 섭취하고 있으며, 일상에서 직접, 간접적으로 물과 관련되지 않고서는 생활할 수 없다. 지구 표면의 약 70%가 물로서 덮여 있다고는 하지만 인간의 생활에 직접적인 이용가치가 있는 담수(지표수)는 전체 물의 용적의 2%에 지나지 않는다. 한국의 연평균 강수량은 1,274mm로서 세계 연평균 강수량인 970mm보다 많은 편이나 인구 1인당 연간 강수량은 약 3,000m3으로서 세계 평균인 34,000m3의 11분의 1에 지나지 않는다. 수자원총량중 지하침투와 증발에 의해 손실되는 양을 제외한 하천유출량은 전체의 55%인 697억m3으로서 이것이 곧 가용수자원량이다. 그러나 하절기 강우집중도가 높은 우리나라 실정에서는 가용수자뭔량중 수자원총량의 37%가 홍수시 유출되고 실제 이용량은 수자원총량의 18%인 230억m3에 불과하여 인구증가와 함께 수자원의 가치가 더욱 증대하고 있는 실정이다. 더우기 지하수 이용량은 19억m3에 불과함에 따라 우리나라는 실제 이응수자 원량의 90% 이상을 지표수에 의존하고 있으며, 그 중 약 40%가 호소수로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 수자원 이용효율의 취약성으로 인해 제한된 수자원 용량과 생활 및 농공용수의 과수요에 따른 불균형으로 근래 많은 하천이 갈수기나 평수기시 친천화되어 가고 있어 수중생태계에 큰 위협을 주고 있다. 또한 이에 더하여 산업발달과 함께 수질오염원은 양적으로는 물론 질적으로도 증가일로에 있어 기존의 유기 및 중금속 오염물질을 포함해 수많은 신생 유기화합물질이 수계에 유출되고 있으며, 이에 더해 질소 및 인으로 대표되는 영양물질의 유입과다로 국내 대다수의 호수가 부영양화의 새로운 위협에 직 면해 있다. 우리나라에는 적은 유입유량에 큰 저수용량 및 긴 체류시간으로 대표되는 대규모 자연호는 없으며, 대부분이 매단위 강을 막아 형성된 체류시간 1년 이하의 인공호로서 그 중 안동호, 충주호, 대청호 등은 비교적 체류시간이 긴 호소형 인공호로, 팔당호나 기타 대부분의 호수는 체류시간이 짧은 하천형 인공호로 대별된다(Table 1). 이처럼 국내 호소는 국외의 자연 호와는 다른 구조적 특성을 가짐에 따라 부영양화 특성 역시 매우 상이하고, 호소형 인공호와 하천형 인공호간의 차이 역시 현저하여 일률적인 관리대책을 설정하기가 어려운 실정에 있다. 또한 각 호수의 유역특성이 상이함에 따라 호수별로 유역 오염원의 오염부하율이 현저히 달라(Table 2) 호수에 따른 특성적인 유역관리(Lake-specific management)가 요구되고 있다 정상상태(Steady state)가 아닌 국내 호소에 대해 국외 자연호의 인단순모델 (Simple phosphorus budget model)을 그대로 적용하는 것에 다소 무리한 점이 따르나, 평균적인 개념으로 OECD의 유역부하량 및 호소특성에 따른 부영양화 판정모델을 적용한다면, 국내 주요 호수는 모두 부영양 수준에 있다. 또 각 호수별로 부영양화 제어를 위해 요구되는 인의 삭감부하량은 상당량이 되어 현실적으로 관리가 이미 어려운 실정에 와 있다. 호수의 부영양화는 조류 발생으로 이어지며, 그에 따른 폐해는 각종 형태로 나타나는데 대표적으로 이취미 발생이나 유해조류에 의한 독성물질의 배출, 정수처리 과정의 THM 발생등이 주로 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 국내 호수의 구조적 특성별 부영양화 실태를 파악하고 그에 따른 영향 및 관리방안에 관한 종합적 고찰이 차후 수질관리를 위해 요구되고 있으며, 특히 납조류로 대표되는 유해조류의 독성영향에 관한 연구는 시급한 실정에 있다.