• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1999

Purpose: Regurgitation, vomiting and feeding intolerance are frequent in the neonates. Esophageal function and gastric peristalsis are not fully developed in the neonates, so we should give attention to reduce the incidence of regurgitation and vomiting after feeding. It is necessary to shorten the gastric emptying by change of feeding types and postprandial postures. Gastric emptying time was measured by ultrasound in the neonates to evaluate the effect of feeding types and postprandial postures. Method: We measured gastric antral cross sectional area along the abdominal aorta at the level of the superior mesenteric artery in longitudinal section at NPO state (4 hours after feeding), 0 and every 30 min. after feeding until the value goes below or back to the NPO state. Fifteen neonates were examined in each breast-fed and formula-fed group in supine position. Eighteen and 15 neonates were examined in supine and prone posture after formula feeding, respectively. We used 5 MHz convex prove with Aloka Echo Camera SSD-650. Result: 1) Gastric emptying time of breast-fed infants was $76.0{\pm}20.02$ min. which was significantly shorter than $96.0{\pm}20.28$ min. of formula-fed infants. 2) Gastric emptying time on postprandial prone posture was $85.0{\pm}22.43$ min. which was not significantly different from $96.0{\pm}20.28$ min. on postprandial supine posture. Conclusion: Breast feeding is strongly recommended to the neonates to shorten gastric emptying time. So we can expect to reduce the incidence of regurgitation, vomiting and feeding intolerance. The postprandial posture depends on the traditional trend which is safe and comfortable to the mothers.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.574-577
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate gastric motility of conscious minipigs with ultrasonography from contraction number of the pyloric antrum and gastric emptying time (GET). Five-month-old, clinically healthy minipigs weighing 13.5-15 kg were used for this experiment. Assessment of gastric motility was performed using saline (10 ml/kg) in all five minipigs. Contraction number of the pyloric antrum for 3 minutes and gastric emptying time were calculated. Gastric emptying time was considered to be the time at which the antral area returned to the basal value. The mean value of contraction number of the pyloric antrum before feeding was 1.60${\pm}$2.30 (mean${\pm}$SD) for 3 min and the overall mean value after saline administration was 5.40${\pm}$3.62 for 3 min. The mean value of GET by area was 58.06${\pm}$5.23 min. This data can be used as basic database for evaluation of gastric motility in minipigs as normal and various experimental models.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.06a
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• pp.134.2-134.2
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• 1989

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Radiological Science
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.98.2-98.2
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• 1997

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.05a
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• pp.119.3-120
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• 1986

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.201.1-201.1
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• 1992

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.120.2-121
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• 1981

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the relationship between gastric emptying, psychopathology(especially anxiety and depression), and various factors that can mediate stress and response, such as coping style, social support and level of perceived stress. Methods : A total 30 patients who complained of the non-ulcer dyspepsia and did not have any abnormal finding on the gastroduodenal endoscopic examination, 24 hour ambulatory esophageal manometry and conventional gastroesophageal manometry were tested with gastric emptying that would be a functional examination of stomach. The correlations between the gastric emptying and psychological vaiable such as quantity of perceived stress, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Ways of Coping Checklist and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were evaluated. Results : 1) The mean and standard deviation of the time for half of the meal to empty(T50%) was $118.50{\pm}23.64$ minute which showed no gastric stasis in terms of gastric emptying test. 2) There were significant positive correlations between T50% and the state anxiety, T50% and thedepression. 3) There was no significant correlation between T50% and the quantity of perceived stress, T50% and mediating factors(coping style and social support). Conclusion : These results suggested that psychopathology, especially emotional components such as depression and anxiety, could affect on the current physiological functional gastric activity(gastric emptying), but quantity of perceive stress and mediating factors of stress and response such as coping style and social support could not affected on the functional gastric activity. These results showed that psychological interventions should considered in management of the patients with functional dyspepia.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.242-251
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• 2004

Purpose: Recently, because of the increasing numbers of early gastric cancer patients and improvements in their survivals, greater attention has been directed towards the quality of life and nutritional status of gastric cancer patients after surgery. However, conventional reconstructions, Billroth- I, -II (B-I and B-II) or Roux-en-Y, have proven to have certain limitations, such as a small reservoir, and a malabsorption for iron, fat, calcium, and carotene. To overcome these limitations, we used a jejunal pouch interposition(JPI) after a distal gastrectomy not only to substitute for the small reservoir but also to maintain a physiologic pathway for ingested foods. Materials and Methods: A total of 196 gastric cancer patients who underwent a distal gastrectomy between March 2001 and February 2004 were divided into 3 groups: JPI group (n=100), B-I group (n=29), and B-II group (n=67). We assessed the patient's nutritional status, gastric emptying time, and gastrofiberscopic findings. Results: The percents of body weight loss at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively in the JPI group ($5.14\%,\;3.01\%,\;2.37\%$) were significantly less than those of the conventional B-I ($8.41\%,\;6.69\%,\;5.90\%$) and B-II groups ($7.50\%,\;7.65\%,\;5.86\%$) (P=0.011, 0.000, 0.013). The laboratory findings showed no significant differences between the 3 groups, except for a higher total protein level in the JPI group after 6 months postoperatively. Especially, stage I and II cancers in the JPI group showed much higher total protein levels after 1 year postoperatively. The gastric emptying times in the $\^{99m}$Tc- semisolid scans at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively were 102.5, 83.1, and 58.1 minutes in the JPI group, 95.5, 92.0, and 58.5 minutes in the B-I group, and 53.9, 69.1, and 50.2 minutes in the B-II group, respectively. Also, the symptomatic gastric stasis detected with a gastrofiberscope during the early postoperative period (6 months) was gradually improved. Conclusion: From a nutritional aspect, a jejunal pouch interposition after a distal gastrectomy could be an alternative reconstruction method, especially in stage I and II gastric cancer patients, in spite of the longer operation time and the probable delayed gastric emptying.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 2005년부터 2006년까지 충청남도 공주시 반포면에 위치한 봉곡천 유역의 경사지 밭을 포함하고 있는 산지하천에서 유출량, 총인, 총질소를 측정하였고 측정된 자료는 SWAT 모형을 통하여 장기간의 배출부하량 산정을 위해 모형의 보정 및 검정자료로 사용하였다. SWAT 모형의 보정 및 검정결과는 유출량은 일별자료를 이용하여 보정 및 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 결정계수 ($R^2$)가 0.80~0.83의 값을 보였으며 일별 T-N, T-P 부하량에 대한 보정 및 검정결과는 결정계수 ($R^2$)가 0.62~0.86의 값을 보였다. 모형의 보정 및 검정을 통해 결정된 최적매개변수를 적용하여 1997년부터 2006년까지 관측된 강우자료로 장기간의 유출량, T-N, T-P 배출부하량에 대한 SWAT 모형 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 하여 산지와 밭에 대한 원단위를 산정하였으며, 그 결과 산지에 대한 T-N의 원단위는 3.29 $kg/km^2/day$이었고 T-P에 대한 원단위는 0.15 $kg/km^2/day$로 나타났다. 또한 밭에서의 T-N에 대한 원단위는 11.15 $kg/km^2/day$이었고 T-P에 대한 원단위는 0.70 $kg/km^2/day$로 나타났으며 강우의 시간 및 공간적 변화에 따른 유출량을 고려한 산지와 밭에서의 영양염류 배출부하량을 산정하는데 SWAT모형을 적용하는 것이 타당성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.