• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the disease-free survival and risk factors of recurrence in early breast cancer patients who have undergone breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: From March 1997 to December 2002, 77 breast cancer patients who underwent breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy were reviewed retrospectively. The median follow-up time was 58.4 months (range $43.8{\sim}129.4$ months) and the mean subject age was 41 years. The frequency distribution of the different T stages, based on the tumor characteristics was 38 (49.3%) for T1, 28 (36.3%) for T2, 3 for T3, 7 for T is and 1 for an unidentified sized tumor. In addition, 52 patients (67.5%) did not have axillary lymph metastasis, whereas 14 patients (18.1%) had $1{\sim}3$ lymph node metastases and 3 (0.03%) had more than 4 lymph node metastases. The resection margin was negative in 59 patients, close (${\leq}2\;mm$) in 15, and positive in 4. All patients received radiation therapy at the intact breast using tangential fields with a subsequent electron beam boost to the tumor bed at a total dose ranging from 59.4 Gy to 66.4 Gy. Patients with more than four positive axillary lymph nodes received radiation therapy ($41.4{\sim}60.4\;Gy$) at the axillary and supraclavicular area. Chemotherapy was administered in 59 patients and tamoxifen or fareston was administered in 29 patients. Results: The 5 year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 98.08% and 93.49%, respectively. Of the 77 patients, a total of 4 relapses (5.2%), including 1 isolated supraclavicular relapse, 1 supraclavicular relapse with synchronous multiple distant relapses, and 2 distant relapses were observed. No cases of local breast relapses were observed. Lymph node metastasis or number of metastatic lymph nodes was not found to be statistically related with a relapse (p=0.3289) nor disease-free survival (p=0.1430). Patients with positive margins had a significantly shorter disease-free survival period (p<0.0001) and higher relapse rates (p=0.0507). However, patients with close margins were at equal risk of relapse and disease-free survival as with negative margins (p=1.000). Patients younger than 40 years of age had higher relapse rates (9.3% vs. 0%) and lower disease-free survival periods, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1255). The relapse rates for patients with tumors was 14% for tumor stage T2, compared to 0% for tumor stage T1 tumors (p=0.0284). A univariate analysis found that disease-free survival and relapse rates, T stage, positive resection margin and mutation of p53 were significant factors for clinical outcome. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that breast conservation surgery and radiation therapy in early breast cancer patients has proven to be a safe treatment modality with a low relapse rate and high disease-free survival rate. The patients with a positive margin, T2 stage, and mutation of p53 are associated with statistically higher relapse rates and lower disease-free survival.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.139-148
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• 1999

오늘날 기술집약적인 벤처기업들에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 소수의 진취적인 벤처기업들이 기술개발 및 신상품 개발 등 두드러진 활약을 보이고 있기 때문이다. 그러나 실제 이 벤처기업의 성공 가능성은 그렇게 높지 않다. 특히 벤처기업 환경이 아직 미약한 국내의 경우 위험부담이 훨씬 더 크다. 이러한 벤처기업 환경에서 투자대상 벤처기업을 선정하는 것은 매우 전략적인 의사결정이다. 일반적으로 일반 벤처투자가들은 관심이 있는 산업에 해당하는 기업의 사업계획서와 기초적인 관련 정보를 토대로 투자여부를 결정한다. 그렇지만 실제로는 이와 같은 분석에 필수적으로 요구되는 정보가 불확실할 뿐만 아니라 기술분야에 대한 전문적 지식도 부족하기 때문에 투자 여부를 결정하는 것은 매우 복잡하고 어려운 문제이다. 그러므로 투자대상 벤처기업의 선정을 효과적으로 지원해주는 체계적인 접근이 필요하다. 특히 벤처 사업과 관련된 기술 동향 및 수준 등에 관련된 전문 지식과 경험이 체계적으로 제공되어야 하고 또한 벤처 투자가의 개인적 경험과 판단이 평가 프로세스에 직접적으로 반영될 수 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전문가의 지식과 경험을 체계화하고 투자가의 개인적 판단을 효과적으로 수용할 수 있는 전문가시스템의 접근방법을 제시하고자 한다. 투자대상 벤처기업의 선정을 위한 전문가시스템을 구축하기 위해 본 연구에서는 다양한 정보수집 과정을 거쳤다. 우선 벤처 투자와 관련된 기존 문헌을 심층 분석하였으며 아울러 벤처 투자 업계에서 활약중인 전문 벤처캐피탈리스트들과의 수차례 인터뷰를 통해 벤처기업 평가의 주요 요인과 의사결정 과정을 파악할 수 있었다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 본 연구에서는 벤처 투자의 90%를 차지하는 정보통신분야에 속한 기법 중에서 투자대상 벤처기업의 선정을 위한 전문가시스템을 구축중이다.의 밀도를 비재무적 지표변수로 산정하여 로지스틱회귀 분석과 인공신경망 기법으로 검증하였다. 로지스틱회귀분석 결과에서는 재무적 지표변수 모형의 전체적 예측적중률이 87.50%인 반면에 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 90.18%로서 비재무적 지표변수 사용에 대한 개선의 효과가 나타났다. 표본기업들을 훈련과 시험용으로 구분하여 분석한 결과는 전체적으로 재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computation. Adaptive transversal filter with proposed data recycling buffer algorithm could efficiently reject ISI of channel and in

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2017

TVarious studies in different industries have proven the effectiveness of nanotechnology, which is considered as a representative technology that makes lives faster and more convenient and economical. However, as nanomaterials are tiny, consumers are concerned on whether they can do any physical harm. Therefore, based on the perceived usefulness and ease of use from the generally used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study added additional variables including perceived risk. Moreover, this study introduced three kinds of trust (institution, people, and technology trust) as moderating variables, which can reduce the negative effect of perceived risk. Based on the analysis using the Structural Equation Model, we determined that perceived usefulness and ease of use positively influenced the intention to adopt nanotechnology products. Thus, when consumers regarded nanotechnology products as efficient and convenient, they showed increased intention to adopt the technology. Furthermore, perceived risk negatively affected the intention to adopt nanotechnology products, that is, when customers' perceived risk increased, the adoption intention of nanotechnology product decreases because of the potential risk from nanotechnology. On the one hand, the negative effect of perceived risk on adoption intention decreased when trust in nanotechnology washigh and when consumers highlytrust experts or administrators. On the other hand, trust in government, public institutions, and companies which produce nanotechnology products showed no significant moderating effect. This study is meaningful as it generalized TAM by applying the model to new nanotechnology products and extended existing studies by the addition of perceived risk and various trust factors to the model.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

I investigated that ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene polymorphisms were contributed to susceptibility to ICH in Korean population. I recruited 156 ICH patients and 425 healthy controls for this study, respectively. rs1881421, rs1881420, rs3795850, and rs2246745 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. The genotype and allele distributions of tested four SNPs was analyzed using the SNPStats, SPSS 22.0, and the Haploview v.4.2 software. The Odd's ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values were calculated in allele and genotype models. I found that rs1881421, rs1881420, rs3795850, and rs2246745 SNPs of ALK gene (rs1881421, OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.54-2.64, p<0.001; rs1881420, OR=0.53, 95% CI=1.16-2.01, p=0.003; rs3795850, OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.17-2.02, p=0.002; rs2246745, OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.60, p<0.001 in each allele analysis). And distributions of CC, GT, and GC haplotypes between the ICH group and the control group also showed significant association with ICH (CC haplotype, p<0.001; GT haplotype, p=0.006; GC haplotype, p<0.001). These minor alleles of tested four SNPs in ALK gene were contributed to increased risk of development for ICH. Our findings suggested that the ALK gene may be a risk factor for susceptibility to ICH.The Korea Internet of Things Society.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.311-318
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• 2016

IoT(Internet of Things areas) rich information based on the user easy access to service creation must be one of the power system of specificity due following: The IoT spread obstacle to the act be, and 'Smart Grid information of this is not easy under power plants approach the Directive on the protection measures, particularly when stringent security policies IoT technologies applied to Advanced Metering Infrastructure sector has been desired. This is a situation that occurs is limited to the application and use of IoT technologies in the power system. Power Information Network is whilst closed network operating is has a smart grid infrastructure, smart grid in an open two-way communication for review and although information security vulnerabilities increased risk of accidents increases as according to comprehensive security policies and technologies are required and can. In this paper, the IoT platform architecture design of information systems as part of the power of research and development IoT-based energy information platform aims. And to establish a standard framework for a connection to one 'Sensor-Gateway-Network-platform sensors Service' to provide power based on the IoT services and solutions. Framework is divided into "sensor-gateway" platform to link information modeling and gateways that can accommodate the interlocking standards and handling protocols variety of sensors Based on this real-time data collection, analysis and delivery platform that performs the role of the relevant and to secure technology.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2018

This study investigated the effect of community-based health intervention program to improve metabolic disease in Jeju island. There were 50 obese local residents in the experimental group (body mass index, $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$). They participated in cooking therapy with nutrition education (4 times), exercise program with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and stretching training (9 times), and alternative medicine program with healing touch massage (3 times) during a 3-week period. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, body composition, blood lipid profiles, blood glucose, and waist circumference were assessed before and after the intervention program. After the program, the value of total cholesterol (TC), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), diastolic blood pressure, percent body fat, and waist circumference were decreased, and became the normal value. Especially, HbA1C, percent body fat, and waist circumference were significantly decreased (P<0.001) in the experimental group, while HbA1C, percent body fat, and waist circumference were significantly increased (P<0.001) in the control group (N=50), who had no intervention. Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome associated markers need intervention program for improving them. In conclusion, although this study did not analyze the effect of the health intervention program and cooking therapy separately, considering the result of this 3-week, short term program, the effect will be more profuse if cooking therapy and exercise program were performed concurrently.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2008

In response to the changing demands of ever competitive market, SK Telecom has built a new marketing system that can support dynamic marketing campaigns and, at the same time, scale up to the large volumes of data and transactions for the next decade. The system which employs Unix-based client-server (using Web browser interfaces) architecture will replace the current mainframe-based COIS system. The project, named NGM (Next Generation Marketing ), is unprecedentedly large in scale. However, both managerial and technical problems led the project into a crisis. The application framework that depended on a software solution from a major global vendor could not support the dynamic functionalities required for the new system. In March 2005, SK telecom declared the suspension of the NGM project. The second phase of the project started in May 2005 following a comprehensive replanning. It was decided that no single existing solution could cope with the complexity of the new system and hence the new system would be custom-built. As such. a number of technical challenges emerged. In this paper, we report on the three key dimensions of technical challenges - middleware and application framework, database architecture and tuning, and system performance. The processes and approaches, adopted in building NGM system, may be viewed as "best practices" in the telecom industry. The completed NGM system, now called "U.key System," successfully came into operation on the ninth of October, 2006. This new infrastructure is expected to give birth to a series of innovative, fruitful, and customer-oriented applications in the near future.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.132-164
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• 2015

The formation of knowledge of the people of Korean society is the social practices of collective subjectivity. Subjectivity is the truth of the self, which is incessantly created, questioned and modified in the milieu of self-reflection. In an attempt to examine the hermeneutics of the subject of Korean society, a conceptual framework is proposed, which, with the notion of life embedded, consists of a historical sequence of the popular, minjung, multitude, people and community. The period of 1960s saw the ambiguous mass of lifes floating, the individual with his/her own interior world of consciousness emerge. The ideological solidarity is formed in the the next two decades, in contestation with immediate and physical threatening such as poverty and dictatorship. The democratization of Korean society and the global expansion of neoliberal regime gave a re-birth of multitude and people which is characterized with their pursuit of the co-existence and co-realization of singularity and universality on the ethical principle of the open and communicative radicality.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2016

While there have been numerous studies on various issues of aging of the individuals and the population, little is known about the process and consequences of aging of the disabled. Aging is irreversible for the disabled as well as for the not-disabled. With the advances of age, the disabled confront double jeopardy from disability and old age. This study aims to explore the meaning of aging and death for 40s and 50s living with disability for more than 20 years. It utilizes the data set collected through focus groups discussions of the disabled The cases in our analysis are composed of the disabled capable of articulating their feelings and thoughts. Thus, they are selected from the less privileged ones. The analysis shows that aging of the disabled, often involving secondary disability, overwhelms their current disability. Nonetheless, it does not necessary mean that they become an ordinary elderly person. Rather they still feel exclusion from the elderly for their disability. As getting older they turn to face social barrier for both disability and old age. Also, they are trying to live their present lives in full while accepting the presence of death Our findings are hoped to help to understand how the disabled get old and view their death in their own way.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2018

As the damage caused by the abnormal climate due to climate change is increasing, the interest in resilience is increasing as a countermeasure to this. In this study, the resilience of Suwon city was examined and the plan to improve the resilience were derived against climate impacts such as drought, heatwave, and heavy rain. Urban resilience is divided into social resilience (e.g. vulnerable groups, access to health services, and training of human resources), economic resilience (e.g. housing stability, employment stability, income equality, and economic diversity), urban infrastructure resilience (e.g.residential vulnerability, capacity to accommodate victims, and sewage systems), and ecological resilience (e.g. protection resources, sustainability, and risk exposure). The study evaluated the urban resilience according to the selected indicators in local level. In this study, the planning elements to increase the resilience in the urban dimension were derived and suggested the applicability. To be a resilient city, the concept and value of resilience should be included in urban policy and planning. It is critical to monitor and evaluate the process made by the actions in order to continuously adjust the plans.