• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8128-8139
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• 2015

Recently, the necessity of developing the load and resistance factor design(LRFD) for soft ground improvement method has been raised, since the limit state design is requested as international technical standard for the foundation of structures. In this study, to develop LRFD codes for foundation structures in Korea, target reliability index and resistance factor for static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles were calibrated in the framework of reliability theory. The 16 data(in Gwangyang) and the 57 data(Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 2008) sets of static load test and soil property tests conducted in the whole domestic area were collected along with available subsurface investigation results. The resistance bias factors were evaluated for the tow static design methods by comparing the representative measured bearing capacities with the expected design values. Reliability analysis was performed by two types of advanced methods : the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method using resistance bias factor statistics. As a result, when target reliability indices of the driven pipe pile were selected as 2.0, 2.33, 2.5, resistance factor of two design methods for SPT N at pile tip less than 50 were evaluated as 0.611~0.684, 0.537~0.821 respectively, and STP N at pile tip more than 50 were evaluated as 0.545~0.608, 0.643~0.749 respectively. The result from this research will be useful for developing various foundations and soil structures under LRFD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.927-931
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of defatted grape seed extract (DGSE) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. DGSE at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL significantly suppressed lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in hormonally stimulated adipocytes, an indicator of adipocyte differentiation. In order to understand the anti-adipogenic effects of DGSE, the changes in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) $\gamma$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) $\alpha$ and $\beta$ were investigated using immunoblotting. DGSE suppressed the expression of PPAR$\gamma$, C/EBP$\alpha$, and C/EBP$\beta$ proteins compared with control adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This results indicated that DGSE may alter fat mass by directly affecting adipogensis in maturing preadipocytes and thus may have applications for the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Although the vegetable Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Korean population, its functionalities are not very well defined. In this study, we examined the effects of methanol extract of AK in rats on the biochemical changes induced by two hepatotoxins, D-galactosamine (GalN) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). AK was orally administered once daily for 7 days to male rats at 200 and 500 mg/kg, before hepatotoxins. Effects of AK were assessed 24 hr later. AK pretreatments at 200 and 500 mg/kg significantly blunted GalN-induced elevation in liver lipid peroxidation, plasma aspartate-transaminase (AST) and alanine-transaminase (ALT) activities. AK also prevented, after 500 mg/kg but not after 200 mg/kg, the GalN-induced elevation in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Differently from against GalN-induced toxicity, AK did further elevate the $CCl_4$-induced rise in AST, ALT and lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that AK, when pre-administered prior to GalN, exerted protective effects against GalN-induced hepatotoxicity, in contrast however, AK exacerbated that induced by $CCl_4$. To explore possible mechanism for the toxicity-potentiating effects of AK on $CCl_4$, the activity of hepatic drug metabolism after AK treatment was assessed. It was observed that AK increased the activity of aniline hydroxaylase, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme responsible for metabolic activation of $CCl_4$. This finding suggests that hepatoprotective effects of AK are not equally expected depending on hepatotoxins employed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.835-844
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• 2014

The objectives of this study is to identify the Effects of Sex Education Program on careworkers' Knowledge, Attitudes and Coping toward sexuality of the Elders. The experimental design for this study was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Research was done from September 10, 2013 to October 10, 2013. Participants included a total of 37 subjects. 19 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Shapiro - Wilk test, ${\chi}^2$-test, Independent Samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, Wilcox signed rank test using SPSS/PC WIN 18.0 program. The results showed that program was effective in increasing the knowledge of sex, but attitude and positive coping, negative coping did not differ significantly between the groups. In conclusion, this study showed that sex education could be effective higher sex knowledge of careworkers, but could not be effective sex attitudes and coping. Therefore, it is necessary that develop sex education program to be effective sex attitudes and coping of careworkers.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.165-198
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• 2014

The national R&D performance evaluation system in Korea has been influenced by 'New Public Management' since the 1980s. The 1997 IMF crisis in Korea has necessitated the overhaul of S&T policy strategies in Korea. Reflecting this, effective distribution and utilization of S&T investment and resources has emerged as a crucial policy agenda, while expansionary investment in S&T maintained. During the period of 1999-2005, the R&D evaluation has been more focused on the input side and execution processes than on the results of R&D. Evaluation results were to be reflected in the budgeting of national R&D, but there were some disputes over how to make use of evaluation results between the budgeting ministry and the evaluation agency partly because they were two separate entities. After the advent of the new government(1998-2003) which advocated 'science and technology-oriented society', the national R&D evaluation system has evolved through a new legislation, the Performance Assessment Act, and the establishment of Science & Technology Innovation Agency to build up the unique framework for national R&D evaluation differentiated from the assessment system for general government investment programs. Most recently, due to 'Comprehensive Improvement Plan' in 2013, various components of national R&D evaluation seem to move on a new evolutionary track. For example, different types of evaluation are being developed and tried in accordance with differing evaluation goals, and the individual ministries and the research councils has got more enhanced autonomy and responsibility regarding R&D evaluation. So-called 'tailored' evaluation methods, taking into consideration the characteristics of programs and institutes / organizations to be evaluated, are now being tried. Competences of evaluation experts and agencies has also to be improved and strengthened.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

ZnO nanorods fabricated on a Zn substrate pre-coated with ZnO as a seed layer by the hydrothermal method were studied mainly as a function of ZnO precursor concentration. Characteristic features by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated to define the changed micro-structure and crystalline phase of the ZnO nanorods according to the experimental conditions. The nanorod morphology strongly depended on the precursor concentration. For example, ZnO nanorods vertically aligned with a hexagonal (002) oriented structure with a diameter of 600~700 nm and length of $6.75{\mu}m$ were clearly observed at the highest concentration of 0.015 M. The strong hexagonal structure was believed to be associated with the highest photoluminescene (PL) intensity and a promising voltage value of ca. 6.069 V at $1000{\mu}A$.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.626-632
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• 2013

In this study the GPS Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) was derived and evaluated by a radiosode measure during the winter intensive observation in Gangneung site from January 5 till February 29 in 2012. Bernise 5.0 software was used to derive the GPS data. GPS-derived PWV from Zero difference (GANG) and Single difference (GANG and DAEJ) was high variance in time and about 5 times the PWV of radiosonde. GPS post-processing has been performed from two additional IGS site (Xian Dao, Ibaraki-ken) in order to correct the absolute troposphere errors. As a result, the mean bias error (MBE) and root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation compared with radiosonde measure were 0.67 mm, 6.40 mm, and 0.93, respectively. In order to correct the relative troposphere errors from the altitudinal difference between the two GPS receivers, we calculated the GPS-derived PWV by adding the data of GPS that was installed in Gangneung-Wonju University near the Gangwon Regional Meteorological Administration. In the end, the improved result showed that MBE, RMSE and correlation in comparison with radiosonde measures were 0.61 mm, 5.79 mm, and 0.93, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1685-1690
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effect of C. zawadskii extract on nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. C. zawadskii extract (5~50 μg/mL) significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner ranging from 23.3% to 100%. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on NO production, C. zawadskii extract inhibited the protein expression and mRNA expression of iNOS. Although flower extracts of C. zawadskii was not effective on the expression of PGE2 and COX-2, flower extracts of C. zawadskii, however, showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression. The present results suggest that C. zawadskii extract has an inhibitory effect on NO production, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2016

Theoretical maximum methane yield of glucose at STP (1 atm, $0^{\circ}C$) is 0.35 L $CH_4/g$ COD. However, most researched actual methane yields of anaerobic digester (AD) on lab scale is lower than theoretical ones. A wide range of them have been reported according to experiments methods and types of organic matters. Recent year, a MET (Microbial electrochemical technology) is a promising technology for producing sustainable bio energies from AD via rapid degradation of high concentration organic wastes, VFAs (Volatile Fatty Acids), toxic materials and non-degradable organic matters with electrochemical reactions. In this study, methane yields of food waste leachate and sewage waste sludge were evaluated by using BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) and continuous AD tests. As the results, methane production volume from the anaerobic digester equipped with MET (AD + MET) was higher than conventional AD in the ratio of 2 to 3 times. The actual methane yields from all experiments were lower than those of theoretical value of glucose. The methane yield, however, from the AD + MET occurred similar to the theoretical one. Moreover, biogas compositions of AD and AD + MET were similar. Consequently, methane production from anaerobic digester with MET increased from the result of higher organic removal efficiency, while, further researches should be required for investigating methane production mechanisms in the anaerobic digester with MET.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.607-616
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate the valid forecast lead time and the accuracy when AWS observed rainfall data are used for real-time river flow forecast. For this, Namhan river basin is selected as study area and SURF model is constructed during flood seasons in 2006~2009. The simulated flow with and without the assimilation of the observed flow data are well fitted. Effectiveness index (EI) is used to evaluate amount of improvement for the assimilation. EI at Chungju, Dalcheon, Hoengsung and Yeoju sites as evaluation points show 32.08%, 51.53%, 39.70% and 18.23% improved, respectively. In the results of the forecasted values using the limited observed rainfall data in each forecast time before peak flow occur, the peak flow under the 20% tolerance range of relative error at Chungju, Dalcheon, Hoengsung and Yeoju sites can be simulated in forecast time-11h, 2h, 3h and 5h and the flow volume in the same condition at those sites can be simulated in forecast time-13h, 2h, 4h and 9h, respectively. From this results, observed rainfall data can be used for real-time peak flow forecast because of basin lag time.