• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2010

Scalable routing is one of the key challenges in designing and operating large scale MANETs. Performance of routing protocols proposed so far is only guaranteed under various limitation, i.e., dependent of the number of nodes in the network or needs the location information of destination node. Due to the dependency to the number of nodes in the network, as the number of nodes increases the performance of previous routing protocols degrade dramatically. We propose Cluster Overlay Dynamic Source Routing (CODSR) protocol. We conduct performance analysis by means of computer simulation under various conditions - diameter scaling and density scaling. Developed algorithm outperforms the DSR algorithm, e.g., more than 90% improvement as for the normalized routing load. Operation of CODSR is very simple and we show that the message and time complexity of CODSR is independent of the number of nodes in the network which makes CODSR highly scalable.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new camera calibration method for rotating multi-view cameras to generate image-based panoramic 3D Virtual Environment. Since calibration accuracy worsens with an increase in distance between camera and calibration pattern, conventional camera calibration algorithms are not proper for panoramic 3D VE generation. To remedy the problem, a geometric relationship among all lenses of a multi-view camera is used for intra-camera calibration. Another geometric relationship among multiple cameras is used for inter-camera calibration. First camera parameters for all lenses of each multi-view camera we obtained by applying Tsai's algorithm. In intra-camera calibration, the extrinsic parameters are compensated by iteratively reducing discrepancy between estimated and actual distances. Estimated distances are calculated using extrinsic parameters for every lens. Inter-camera calibration arranges multiple cameras in a geometric relationship. It exploits Iterative Closet Point (ICP) algorithm using back-projected 3D point clouds. Finally, by repeatedly applying intra/inter-camera calibration to all lenses of rotating multi-view cameras, we can obtain improved extrinsic parameters at every rotated position for a middle-range distance. Consequently, the proposed method can be applied to stitching of 3D point cloud for panoramic 3D VE generation. Moreover, it may be adopted in various 3D AR applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.541-549
• /
• 2023

The aim of this study wasto conduct a quantitative analysis of CT image quality according to an algorithm designed to reduce metal artifacts induced by metal components. Ten baseline images were obtained with the standard filtered back-projection algorithm using spectral detector-based CT and CT ACR 464 phantom, and ten images were also obtained on the identical phantom with the standard filtered back-projection algorithm after inducing metal artifacts. After applying the to raw data from images with metal artifacts, ten additional images for each were obtained by applying the virtual monoenergetic algorithm. Regions of interest were set for polyethylene, bone, acrylic, air, and water located in the CT ACR 464 phantom module 1 to conduct compare the Hounsfield units for each algorithm. The algorithms were individually analyzed using root mean square error, mean absolute error, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity index to assess the overall image quality. When the Hounsfield units of each algorithm were compared, a significant difference was found between the images with different algorithms (p < .05), and large changes were observed in images using the virtual monoenergetic algorithm in all regions of interest except acrylic. Image quality analysis indices revealed that images with the metal artifact reduction algorithm had the highest resolution, but the structural similarity index was highest for images with the metal artifact reduction algorithm followed by an additional virtual monoenergetic algorithm. In terms of CT images, the metal artifact reduction algorithm was shown to be more effective than the monoenergetic algorithm at reducing metal artifacts, but to obtain quality CT images, it will be important to ascertain the advantages and differences in image qualities of the algorithms, and to apply them effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.676-683
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we proposed a method that optimal values of fuzzy control rule base and quantization of membership function are searched by genetic algorithm. Proposed method searched the optimal values of membership function and control rules using genetic algorithm by off-line. Then fuzzy controller operates using these values by on-line. Proposed fuzzy control system is optimized the control rule base and membership function by genetic algorithm without expert's knowledge. We investigated proposed method through simulation and experiment using DC motor and one link manipulator, and confirmed the following usefulness.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.1367-1376
• /
• 1998

In this paper we propose an real time marker detection algorithm for motion analysis both in 2 dimensions and 3 dimensions with CCD camera and rfame grabber only which has no image processor. The main algorithm consists of the following 3 algorithms; 1) the tracing algorithm that makes it possible to predict the expected marker location by narrowing the searching boundary, 2) the searching algorithm that detects the marker in the expected boundary using Ad-hoc previous screen search technique, tornado search method rotate diagonal search method search technique, 3) the algorithm that finds the central point of the detected marker. We try to narrow the searching boundary for real time processing. Also, it is able to find the central point of the detected marker much faster than typical contour tracing algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2014

Based on the GPS/IMU integration, the car navigation has unstable conditions as well as drastically reduces accuracies in urban region. Nowadays, many cars mounted the camera to record driving states. If the ground coordinates of street furniture are known, the position and attitude of camera can be determined through SPR(Single Photo Resection). Therefore, an estimated position and attitude from SPR can be applied measurements in Kalman filter for updating errors of navigation solutions from GPS/IMU integration. In this study, the GPS/IMU/SPR integration algorithm was developed in loosely coupled modes through extended Kalman filters. Also, in order to analyze performances of GPS/IMU/SPR, simulation tests were conducted in GPS signal reception environments and the GCPs (Ground Control Points) distributions. In fact, the position and attitude gathered from GPS/IMU/SPR integration are more precise than the position and attitude from GPS/IMU integration. When IPs (image points), corresponded to GCPs, were concentrated in the center of image, the position error in the optical axis respectively increased. To understand effects from SPR, we plan to carry additional test on the magnitude of GCP, IP and initial exterior orientation errors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2008.06c
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 GPU의 성능을 이용하여 다시점 거리 영상을 실시간으로 정합하는 3차원 온라인 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 거리영상의 정교한 정합을 위해 IPP 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 최신 GPU 프로그래밍 기법으로 각광받고 있는 CUDA를 이용하여 정합 알고리즘의 연산비용이 큰 부분에 해당하는 투영과 변환의 반복 부분을 수행하였다. 스테레오 기반 휴대용 거리센서에서 $320{\times}240$ 거리영상을 획득하여 정합 알고리즘을 수행한 결과, 초당 5장의 거리영상을 정합할 수 있었다. 제안한 온라인 시스템은 실시간 3차원 모델 복원 기술이 필요한 로봇위치 인식, 주행용 비전 기술, 문화재 원형 복원 등의 분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2004

일반적으로 운송 컨테이너의 식별자들은 크기나 위치가 정형화되어 있지 않고 외부 잡음으로 인하여 식별자의 형태가 변형될 수 있기 때문에 일정한 규칙으로 찾기는 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 특성을 고려하여 컨테이너 영상에 대해 Canny 마스크를 이용하여 에지를 검출하고, 검출된 에지 정보에서 영상획득 시 외부 광원에 의해 수직으로 길게 발생하는 잡음들을 퍼지추론 방법을 적용하여 제거한 후에 수직 블록과 수평 블록을 검출하여 컨테이너의 식별자 영역을 추출하고 이진화 한다. 이진화된 식별자 영역에 대해 검정색의 빈도수를 이용하여 흰바탕과 민바탕을 구분하고 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 식별자를 추출한다. 추출된 개별 식별자의 인식은 개선된 퍼지 RBF 네트워크를 제안하여 적용한다. 제안된 퍼지 RBF 네트워크는 퍼지 C-Means 알고리즘을 중간층으로 적용하고 중간층과 출력층 간의 학습에는 일반화된 델타 학습 방법과 Delta-bar-Delta 알고리즘을 적용하여 학습 성능을 개선한다. 실제 컨테이너 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 식별자 추출 방법보다 제안된 식별자 추출 방법이 개선되었고 기존의 퍼지 RBF 네트워크 보다 제안된 퍼지 RBF 네트워크가 컨테이너 식별자의 학습 및 인식에 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2020.07a
• /
• pp.652-655
• /
• 2020

최근 딥 러닝을 이용해 기계로 인간을 대체하는 스마트 팩토리에 대한 연구 및 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 FPCB를 Placing하는 방법에 기계를 도입하는 과정은 발전이 더딘 상태이다. 현재 로봇 팔을 이용해 Placing하는 방법은 사람이 직접 로봇 팔을 튜닝해 사용하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 딥 러닝을 이용한 영상처리 기법을 활용해 FPCB를 사람의 개입 없이 트레이에 삽입하는 기법을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 여러 알고리즘을 비교한 후 각각의 장단점을 고려해 적합한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 기법은 FPCB에 아무 행동을 가하지 않으며, 힘 센서, 깊이 센서 등 기타 센서들의 도움 없이 RGB 센서(카메라)를 통해 획득한 이미지만을 이용해 자동화가 가능하다. 또한, 개발 단계에서 실제 기계를 이용해 이미지 촬영, 이동 등을 진행했기 때문에 조명, 로봇 팔 위치 등 알고리즘 외 조건들에 영향을 받지 않고 실제 사용이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2011.12a
• /
• pp.244-247
• /
• 2011

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS) Navigation System은 자기 자극을 이용한 비 침습적 방법으로 통증 없이 뇌 기능의 활성화 및 재활에 필요한 자극, 자극의 위치, 환자의 모션 등을 3차원 뇌영상에 제공한다. 이 시스템에서 사용되는 소프트웨어는 Talairach 좌표를 적용하여 재구성된 MR 영상을 3차원으로 제공하며, 이를 이용하여 자극의 위치를 표시할 수 있는 기준을 제공한다. 또한 환자의 모션이나 자극 트랜스듀서의 위치를 Talairach 좌표 매핑 소프트웨어 제공하기위해 스테레오 카메라를 이용하여 정확한 좌표를 획득할 수 있는 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 이러한 시스템 개발을 통해 뇌질환 연구와 치료에 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.