• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.7 s.103
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• pp.729-736
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• 2005

In this paper. the proposed method for the digital watermarking is based on the multiresolution wavelet transform. The 1-level Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) coefficients of a $2N_{wx}{\times}2N_{wy}$ binary logo image used as a watermarks. The LL band and middle frequency band of the host image that the 3-level DWT has been performed are divided into $N_{wx}{\times}N_{wy}$ size and we use large coefficients at the divided blocks to make threshold. we set the thresholds that completely insert the watermark in each frequency of the host image. The thresholds in each frequency of the host image differ each other. The watermarks where is the same positions are added to the larger coefficients than threshold in the blocks at LL band and middle frequency band in order to prevent the quality deterioration of the host image. The watermarks are inserted in LL band and middle frequency band of the host image. In order to be invisibility of the watermark, the Human Visual System(HVS) is applied to the watermark. We prove the proper embedding method by experiment. We rapidly detect the watermark using this watermarking method. And because the small size watermarks are inserted by HVS, the results confirm the superiority of the proposed method on invisibility and robustness.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-89
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• 2019

In order to come up with satisfying product and improvement, firms use traditional marketing research methods to obtain consumers' opinions and further try to reflect them. Recently, gathering data from consumer communication platforms like internet and SNS has become popular methods. Meanwhile, with the development of information technology, mobile companies are launching new digital products for children to protect them from harmful content and provide them with necessary functions and information. Among these digital products, Kids Phone, which is a wearable device with safe functions that enable parents to learn childern's location. Kids phone is relatively cheaper and simpler than smartphone but it is noted that there are several problems such as some useless functions and frequent breakdowns. This study analyzes the reviews of Kids phones from domestic mobile companies, identifies the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of the products, proposes improvement methods strategies for devices and services through SNS consumer analysis. In order to do that customer review data from online shopping malls was gathered and was further analyzed through text mining methods such as TF/IDF, Sentiment Analysis, and network analysis. Customer review data was gathered through crawling Online shopping Mall and Naver Blog/$Caf\acute{e}$. Data analysis and visualization was done using 'R', 'Textom', and 'Python'. Such analysis allowed us to figure out main issues and recent trends regarding kids phones and to suggest possible service improvement strategies based on sentiment analysis.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

The average annual rainfall in Busan to increase, and in case of Oncheon-Chen in Busan, frequent flooding occurred frequently. The middle and lower reaches of the Oncheon-Chen are relatively flat and urban areas are developed. Therefore, due to the frequent flooding of rivers and the large flood damage, a method of effectively eliminating the flow rate of Oncheon-Chen in the event of heavy rain is needed. In this study, underground waterway was established in the east of Hoedong-Reservoir as a measure to reduce floods in hot springs and simulated with EPA-SWMM. The information needed to construct the basin was utilized by GIS. In middle part of the Suyeong-Gang, there is a Hoedong-Reservoir and a dam is installed and has better conditions than the Nakdong-Gang. It also analyzed the effect of the Oncheon-Chen flow through the underground waterway on the Suyeong-Gang when it was transferred to the Hoedong-Reservoir. It was analyzed that the flood reduction rate at the flood risk points set up in this study was reduced by 24.64% on average when the underground waterway was installed, and the inflow of the water into the Suyeong-Gang increased by 1% on average when the flow rate was excluded by the Suyeong-Gang.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1213-1221
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• 2022

In Electronic Warfare, the need to develop a jamming system that protects our location information from enemy radar is constantly increasing. The jamming system normally uses wide-band DRFM(Digital Radio Frequency Memory) that processes the entire bandwidth at once. However, it is difficult to jam if there is a CW(Continuous Wave) interference signal in the band. Recently, instead of wide-band signal processing, a structure using a filter bank that divides the entire band into several sub-bands and processes each sub-band independently has been proposed. Although it is possible to handle interference signal through the filter bank structure, spurious signal occurs when the signal is received at a boundary frequency between sub-bands. Spurious signal makes a output power of jamming signal distributed, resulting in lower JSR(Jamming to Signal Ratio) and less jamming effect. This paper proposes an over-sampled channelized DRFM structure that enables interference response and prevents spurious signal for sub-band boundary frequency input.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.351-368
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• 2024

Purpose: In general, traffic accidents occur sporadically, so there are various limitations in terms of time and cost when conducting field investigations to prepare prevention and prevention measures. In particular, with the transition to a non-face-to-face society after the COVID-19, there is a greater need to prepare a replacement for field surveys. Therefore, in this study, Roadview provided by various websites was used as an alternative to field surveys in Sasang-gu, Busan City. The possibility was evaluated. Method: The research method was to extract vulnerable points for traffic accidents that occurred between 2016 and 22 and analyze road views based on the field survey evaluation items provided in the Traffic Safety Diagnosis Guidelines. Result: The main result was that Sasang-gu was most vulnerable to accidents involving elderly pedestrians at Sasang-ro, Daedong-ro, and Hakjang-ro. As a result of a detailed analysis of vulnerable points through Road View, Sasang-ro needed control of commercial vehicles and protection of the transportation vulnerable in the market commercial area. Daedong-ro was vulnerable to illegal on-street parking and slope merging sections, and Hakjang-ro was vulnerable to roads that were prone to speeding. When evaluating the possibility of replacing Roadview's field survey based on the results of this analysis, Roadview was able to effectively evaluate most items, such as separation of sidewalks and the location and spacing of safety facilities. However, there were limitations in items such as actual measurement performance. Conclusion: In other words, the road view can replace most field surveys, and the actual measurement evaluation items can be judged to be useful as auxiliary data, resulting in time and cost savings and high efficiency.

• Trans-
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• v.2
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• pp.1-38
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• 2017

Dance, as an art which expresses thoughts and emotions by movement human, is included in work that its copyright has to be protected, choreographers who are creators and dancers who are performing can exercise their rights included in copyright laws. However, artists who work in the dancing scene have lack of awareness about copyrights and the application level is low. The purpose of this thesis is to look into the current status and issues about dance copyright and to discuss activation plans and effectiveness plans for dance copyrights. The main point is to check into the level of awareness for dance copyrights with choreographers, dancers and students majoring in dance who are in charge of the art of dancing, to present issues about the necessity of the dance copyrights protection plans by analyzing interviews-in-depth and to prepare the dance copyrights protection plans which are concretely realistic. For the research methods, first, I looked into ideas and contents about copyrights through a document research and then, wanted to prepare theoretical background by reviewing actual cases of performing art copyrights related to dance. Next, I carried out surveys about awareness of copyrights with students majoring in dance, choreographers and dancers then carried out analysis of actual proof. Also, I chose three famous dancers who are actively performing in the current dancing scene and did interviews-in-depth about dance copyrights then carried out a recording analysis. I tried to complement the analysis by discussing deeper which I couldn't deal with in the previous surveys and to contemplate awareness activation of dance copyrights and plans. As a result of the research, the level of the awareness about dance copyrights through age, major, education and career was very low. The level of awareness was almost same compared to the previous research 10 years ago. 'Music', which can be an element of copyright issue in dance, was the highest in rate, and dance was recognized as an art which is combined with various elements as a combination work. The way of protection for works of choreography and performance only used data preservation and contracts and didn't register copyrights or record in dace notation. Majority of responders answered that they couldn't have any education about copyrights while they were recognizing the necessity of education and management for copyrights. The analysis of interviews-in-depth was also matched to the result of the previous surveys and a deeper discussion about the status of dance copyrights and issues was carried out. The plans of effectiveness for dance copyrights through the result of previous research are as followings. First, an advanced education is necessary above all to increase the awareness and application of copyrights in dancing scene. Long-term education like study curriculums and short-term education like special courses and seminars should be combined, and education about copyrights for dance groups, choreographers, dancers and students majoring in dance should keep on going. Second, revision of performing art works is necessary for the activation of dance copyrights, and establishing a dance copyright association to manage copyrights systematically and training dance copyright experts are necessary as well. Third, as the way of copyright protection for choreographers and dancers, an establishment for relation gain and loss about copyrights is necessary when creating dance works and performing, and registration of dance works should be activated. Also, the dancing scene should sign contracts for choreography and performance and this contract culture should be activated, and it should systematically preserve and manage choreography and performance records through basic ways. Hereby, it is considered to prepare a foundation to foster the awareness of dance copyrights and activate dance copyrights.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.522-529
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• 2008

High-temperature requirement A2(HtrA2) has been known as a human homologue of bacterial HtrA that has a molecular chaperone function. HtrA2 is mitochondrial serine protease that plays a significant role in regulating the apoptosis; however, the physiological function of HtrA2 still remains elusive. To establish experimental system for the investigation of new insights into the function of HtrA2 in mammalian cells, we first obtained $HtrA2^{+/+}$ and $HtrA2^{-/-}$ MEF cells lines and identified those cells based on the expression pattern and subcellular localization of HtrA2, using immunoblot and biochemical assays. Additionally, we observed that the morphological characteristics of $HtrA2^{-/-}$ MEF cells are different form those of $HtrA2^{+/+}$ MEF cells, showing a rounded shape instead of a typical fibroblast-like shape. Growth rate of $HtrA2^{-/-}$ MEF cells was also 1.4-fold higher than that of $HtrA2^{+/+}$ MEF cells at 36 hours. Furthermore, we verified both MEF cell lines induced caspsase-dependent cell death in response to apoptotic stimuli such as heat shock, staurosporine, and rotenone. The relationship between HtrA2 and heat shock-induced cell death is the first demonstration of the research field of HtrA2. Our study suggests that those MEF cell lines are suitable reagents to further investigate the molecular mechanism by which HtrA2 regulates the balance between cell death and survival.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2021

Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.122-142
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• 2009

This study explored all domestic and international theories for maintenance and health enhancement of an old and big tree, and carried out the anatomical survey of the operation part of the tree toward he current status of domestic surgery and the perception survey of an expert group, and drew out following conclusion through the process of suggesting its reform plan. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation of the 67 subject trees with their ages, growth status. surroundings, it revealed that they were closely related to positional characteristic, damage size, whereas were little related to materials by fillers. Second, the size of the affected part was the most frequent at the bough sheared part under $0.09m^2$, and the hollow size by position(part) was the biggest at 'root + stem' starting from the behind of the main root and stem As a result of analyzing the correlation, the same result was elicited at the group with low correlation. Third, the problem was serious in charging the fillers (especially urethane) in the big hollow or exposed root produced at the behind of the root and stem part, or surface-processing it. The benefit by charging the hollow part was analyzed as not so much. Fourth, the surface-processing of fillers currently used (artificial bark) is mainly 'epoxy+woven fabric+cork', but it is not flexible, so it has brought forth problems of frequent cracks and cracked surface at the joint part with the treetextured part. Fifth, the correlation with the external status of the operated part was very high with the closeness, surface condition, formation of adhesive tissue and internal survey result. Sixth, the most influential thing on flushing by the wrong management of an old and big tree was banking, and a wrong pruning was the source of the ground part damage. In pruning a small bough can easily recover itself from its damage as its formation of adhesive tissue when it is cut by a standard method. Seventh, the parameters affecting the times of related business handling of an old and big tree are 'the need of the conscious reform of the manager and related business'. Eighth, a reform plan in an institutional aspect can include the arrangement of the law and organization of the old and big tree management and preservation at an institutional aspect. This study for preparing a reform plan through the status survey of the designated old and big tree, has a limit inducing a reform plan based on the status survey through individual research, and a weak point suggesting grounds by any statistical data. This can be complemented by subsequent studies.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

In line with future changes in the marine environment, Aids to Navigation has been used in various fields and their use is increasing. The term "Aids to Navigation" means an aid to navigation prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries which shows navigating ships the position and direction of the ships, position of obstacles, etc. through lights, shapes, colors, sound, radio waves, etc. Also now the use of Aids to Navigation is transforming into a means of identifying and recording the marine weather environment by mounting various sensors and cameras. However, Aids to Navigation are mainly lost due to collisions with ships, and in particular, safety accidents occur because of poor observation visibility due to sea fog. The inflow of sea fog poses risks to ports and sea transportation, and it is not easy to predict sea fog because of the large difference in the possibility of occurrence depending on time and region. In addition, it is difficult to manage individually due to the features of Aids to Navigation distributed throughout the sea. To solve this problem, this paper aims to identify the marine weather environment by estimating sea fog level approximately with images taken by cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation and to resolve safety accidents caused by weather. Instead of optical and temperature sensors that are difficult to install and expensive to measure sea fog level, sea fog level is measured through the use of general images of cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation. Furthermore, as a prior study for real-time sea fog level estimation in various seas, the sea fog level criteria are presented using the Haze Model and Dark Channel Prior. A specific threshold value is set in the image through Dark Channel Prior(DCP), and based on this, the number of pixels without sea fog is found in the entire image to estimate the sea fog level. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility of estimating the sea fog level using synthetic haze image dataset and real haze image dataset.