• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1002-1013
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• 1996

The segmentation of characters is an important step in the automatic recognition of handwritten text. This paper proposes the segmenting method of off-line handwritten Hangul. The suggested approach is based on the structural characteristics of Hangul. The first step extracts the local features. connected component and strokes from the imput word. In the second step we identify the class of strokes. The third segmenting step specifies WRC(White Run Column) before consonant or horizontal vowel. If the segment is longer than threshold, the system estimates segmenting columns using the consonant-vowel information and column features, and then finds a cornered boundary along the strokes within the estimated segmenting columns.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1496-1509
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• 2005

In this paper, an adaptive license plate recognition system which detects and recognizes license plate at real-time by using projected plane convolution and Decision Tree Classifier is proposed. And it was tested in circumstances which presence of complex background. Generally, in expressway tollgate or gateway of parking lots, it is very difficult to detect and segment license plate because of size, entry angle and noisy problem of vehicles due to CCD camera and road environment. In the proposed algorithm, we suggested to extract license plate candidate region after going through image acquisition process with inputted real-time image, and then to compensate license size as well as gradient of vehicle with change of vehicle entry position. The proposed algorithm can exactly detect license plate using accumulated edge, projected convolution and chain code labeling method. And it also segments letter of license plate using adaptive binary method. And then, it recognizes license plate letter by applying hybrid pattern vector method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can recognize the front and rear direction license plate at real-time in the presence of complex background environments. Accordingly license plate detection rate displayed $98.8\%$ and $96.5\%$ successive rate respectively. And also, from the segmented letters, it shows $97.3\%$ and $96\%$ successive recognition rate respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a real-time two-dimensional bar code detection system even at long range using a vision technique. We first perform short-range detection, and then long-range detection if the short-range detection is not successful. First, edge map generation, image binarization, and connect component labeling (CCL) are performed in order to select a region of interest (ROI). After interpolating the selected ROI using bilinear interpolation, a location symbol pattern is detected as the same as for short-range detection. Finally, the symbol pattern is arranged by applying inverse perspective transformation to localize bar codes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully detects bar codes at two or three times longer distance than existing ones even at indoor environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2000

인간의 좌·우 두 눈에 투영되는 2차원 영상의 양안 시차를 이용하여 물체의 깊이를 인식하는 스테레어 영상이라고 한다. 이러한 2차원 스테레오 영상으로부터 3차원 모델 생성을 위한 깊이 정보를 알기 위해서는 각각의 두 영상에 대응되는 점의 위치를 알 수 있는 변위의 추정이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 블록 크기에 매우 민감하게 영향 받는 영역기반 방식의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 경계선 정보를 이용한 가변 블록 방식의 변위 추정을 수행한다. 이것은 블록의 크기를 경계선 정보에 따라 가변적으로 정함으로써 정밀한 변위 추성을 할 수 있고 또한 계산량도 많이 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 이렇게 추정된 변위 정보를 이용하여 특징점에 대한 깊이 정보를 찾아 3차원 모델을 생성한다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.155-158
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• 2024

Multipath, a major error source in urban GNSS positioning (global navigation satellite system), pose a challenge due to its site-dependent nature, varying with the user's signal reception environment. In our previous study, we introduced a technique generating GNSS multipath map in urban canyon. However, due to uncertainty in initial GNSS positions, applying multipath maps required generating multiple candidate positions. In this study, we present an efficient method for applying multipath maps by projecting the multipath correction in position domain. This approach effectively applies multipath maps, addressing the challenges posed by urban user position uncertainties.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.421-437
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• 2003

In order to calculate the position of parcel boundary points, the area of the Parcel, and the length of the parcel boundary lines using a digitalized cadastral map or maps, the distortion of the map has to be corrected. The correction methods, such as the method of 2D affine transformation using 4 comer points of the edge lines, the method of tessellation into 9 subregions, the method of using the original surveying sheets, and the method of straightening the 4 edge lines, have been developed. In this Paper, the four methods were programed and applied to some sample cadastral maps and the correction accuracies were obtained and analysed. No method could prefectly correct the distortions because the distortions were irregular throughout the maps. However, it is found that tile method of straightening the 4 edge lines is the one which can minimize the distortions when the method is applied after applying the 2D projective transformation on the maps using the 4 comer points of the edges.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.332-345
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• 2019

Maximum dip vector of individual joint plane, which can be uniquely defined on the hemispherical projection plane, has been established by considering its dip and dip direction. A new stereographic projection method for the rock slope analysis which employs the maximum dip vector can intuitively predict the failure modes of rock slope. Since the maximum dip vector is uniquely projected on the maximum dip point of the great circle, the sliding direction of discontinuity plane can be recognized directly. By utilizing the maximum dip vector of discontinuity both the plane sliding and toppling directions of corresponding blocks can be discerned intuitively. Especially, by allocating the area of high dip maximum dip vector which can form the flanks of sliding block the potentiality for the formation of virtual sliding block has been estimated. Also, the potentiality of forming the triangular-sectioned sliding block has been determined by considering the dip angle of joint plane the dip direction of which is nearly opposite to that of the slope face. Safety factors of the different-shaped blocks of triangular section has been estimated and compared to the safety factor of the most hazardous block of rectangular section. For the wedge analysis the direction of crossline of two intersecting joint planes, which has same attribute of the maximum dip vector, is used so that wedge failures zone can be superimposed on the stereographic projection surface in which plane and toppling failure areas are already lineated. In addition the maximum dip vector zone of wedge top face has been delineated to extract the wedge top face-forming joint planes the orientation of which provides the vital information for the analysis of mechanical behavior of wedge block.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.12B
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• pp.2369-2381
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm for reducing the blocking artifact in block transform-coded images by using a wavelet transform. In the proposed method, an image is considered as a set of one-dimensional horizontal and vertical signals and one-dimensional wavelet transform is utilized in which the mother wavelet is the first order derivative of a Gaussian like function. The blocking artifact is reduced by removing the blocking component, that causes the variance at the block boundary position in the first scale wavelet domain to be abnormally higher than those at the other positions, using a minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter in the wavelet domain. This filter minimizes the MSE between the ideal blocking component-free signal and the restored signal in the neighborhood of block boundaries in the wavelet domain. It also uses local variance in the wavelet domain for pixel adaptive processing. The filtering and the projection onto a convex set of quantization constraint are iteratively performed in alternating fashion. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields not only a PSNR improvement of about 0.56-1.07 dB, but also subjective quality nearly free of the blocking artifact and edge blur.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.458-469
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• 1989

A measurement method is proposed which finds 3-D position and attitude of a known polyhedra utilizing shading information. Through the systematic interpretation of relations between polyhedra and its image as well as shadow image and also the determination of candidate position, 3-D information with respect to vertex of polyhedra is extracted. Following preprocessing of this information, the image of polyhedra is represented in terms of the scene with positioned object and the correspondence is searched by means of matching process between a scene description of the object and the correspondence is searched by means of matching process between a scene description of the object and a model description stored in data-base. In the experiments, initially 3-D information is employed to select several model regions, and objects are recognized through matching process with respect to scene regions. The results demonstrate that the recognition system performs with a high efficiency by proper selection of the threshold values.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.947-954
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a method for the recognition of various head gestures with automata technique applied to the sequence of facial pose states. Facial regions as detected by using the optimum facial color of I-component in YIQ model and the difference of images adaptively selected. And eye regions are extracted by using Sobel operator, projection, and the geometric location of eyes Hierarchical feature analysis is used to classify facial states, and automata technique is applied to the sequence of facial pose states to recognize 13 gestures: Gaze Upward, Downward, Left ward, Rightward, Forward, Backward Left Wink Right Wink Left Double Wink, Left Double Wink , Right Double Wink Yes, and No As an experimental result with total 1,488 frames acquired from 8 persons, it shows 99.3% extraction rate for facial regions, 95.3% extraction rate for eye regions 94.1% recognition rate for facial states and finally 99.3% recognition rate for head gestures. .