• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathlogical characteristics and the surgical methods for gastric submucosal tumors in Korea, the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association performed a nationwide survey. Materials and Methods: Data on 878 patients who underwent resection from 2005 to 2006 were collected from medical records obtained from 47 institutes. Diagnosis, demographics, symptoms, tumor factors (location, size, degree of malignancy) and operative factors (surgicalmethod and approach, mortality) were analyzed. Results: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were the most common cancers (n=586, 66.8%), followed by leiomyomas (n=97, 11.1%), schwannomas (n=70, 8.0%), ectopic pancreas (n=67, 7.8%) and carcinoids (n=16, 1.8%). The mean age of patients was 56.0 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1.18. Only 40.9% of the patients had symptoms at the time of diagnosis, such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia and bleeding. Gastric submucosal tumors were most frequently located in the upper third of the stomach and 55.4% of the GISTs (n=319) and 84.5% of the leiomyomas (n=84.5%) were located in the upper third of the stomach. Wedge resection (n=726, 82.8%) was the most common operative method, and laparoscopic surgery was performed in 388 patients (44.2%). Only one patient (0.1%) died within 30 days of surgery. A total of 115 patients withGISTs (21.1%, 115/544) had a high risk of malignancy and 41 patients (8.3%, 45/495) received adjuvant imatinib mesylate therapy. Conclusion: The survey showed that about two-thirds of the patients with a gastric submuscoal tumor (SMT) had a GIST, and about one-half of the patients underwent laparoscopic resection. These data presented in the nationwide survey could be used as a fundamental resource for gastric submucosal tumors in Korea.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

Purpose: Endoscopic incision and submucosal dissection (EISD) is a technique that is being implemented for the resection of gastric adenomas and early gastric cancer (EGC). Since EISD requires a high degree of skill and experience, and due to its association with a moderate risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, its use has been limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical benefits of EISD based upon clinical data on the EISD procedure. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Soonchunhyang University Hospital and it included 179 gastric adenoma and early gastric carcinoma lesions from 164 patients who had undergone an EISD from February 2003 to May 2005. Results: Among the total of 179 lesions, the distributions of EGC and adenomas were 70.3% (126/179) and 23.4% (42/179) respectively. The sizes of lesions were divided into 10 mm or less, $11{\sim}20\;mm,\;21{\sim}30\;mm$ and greater than 31 mm and each rates are 10.0% (18/179), 46.3% (83/179), 30% (50/179) and 15.0% (28/179). Among 120 cases which could be measured depth of lesion in according to pathologic findings, m1 (0.8%, 1/120), m2 (38.3%, 46/120), m3 (25%, 57/120), sm1 (11.7%, 14/120), sm2 (1.6%, 2/120) were diagnosed as early stages of gastric cancer. The complete resection rate was 85.2% (150/176) and en-bloc resection rate was 96.0% (169/176). Complications as such as perforation and bleeding developed in 4.4%(8/179) and 21.2% (38/179), respectively. Conclusion: EISD is an effective in the endoscopic treatment for gastric adenoma and early gastric cancers. However, further evaluation of this method and long-term follow-up will be necessary for an evaluation of the recurrence rate after resection of a tumor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

Inhibitory effects of fungal metabolites isolated from foodstuffs on growth of human cancer cell lines were evaluated. Isolated strains were divided into four classes based on color (aerial, reverse), shape, and growth speed. Fungal metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate were investigated for their growth inhibition on six kinds of human cancer cells by MTT assay. Ethyl acetate extract showed high growth inhibition against all cancer cells tested, with D4 exhibiting the strongest growth inhibition effects against Kato III, AGS, Hepa1c1c7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. These results suggest ethyl acetate extract from fungal metabolites as effective natural cancer therapeutic material.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2015

Helicobacter pylori is an important transmissible human pathogen found on the luminal surface of the gastric epithelium. The organism can persist in the stomach indefinitely and causes gastroduodenal inflammation that may proceed to atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric MALT lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Standard triple therapy which consists of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) plus two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clarithromycin) is now generally used in Korea, however, eradication rates of H. pylori has been decreasing due to increasing antibiotic resistance. In this review, current second-line treatment regimens, difficult problems on treatment, necessity of local target therapy, applicability of clay minerals as a drug delivery system (DDS), and a new therapeutic strategy and its study plans will be discussed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 1999

To evaluate the usefulness of transforming growth factor-$\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1) as a new tumor marker, we determined the plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels using sandwich ELISA assay in cancer patients. Patients with three most common adult cancers in Korea (stomach, liver and breast cancer) and children's cancers (leukemia and two kinds of solid tumor) were enrolled for the study. Furthermore, 39 individuals were subjected to age and sex-stratified plasma TGF-$\beta$1 analysis. No statistical difference was demonstrated with respect to age or sex. The mean plasma TGF-$\beta$1 level (16.0 ng/ ml) of stomach cancer patients was significantly higher than that (8.3 ng/ml) of controls. However, there was no difference among the mean plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels of liver, breast cancer patients and controls. Seven of 16 patients (43.7%) with stomach cancer, one of 8 (12.5%) with liver cancer, and one of 7 (14.3%) with breast cancer showed higher TGF-$\beta$1 levels compared to controls. Plasma TGF-$\beta$1 concentrations of five leukemic children remained in the normal range regardless of the remission state. In contrast, initial high TGF-$\beta$1 levels from two children with solid tumors returned to normal range on surgical resection of tumors. From the above results, we could conclude that plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels of apparently healthy individuals seem to be rather constant irrespective of difference in age or sex, and the plasma TGF-$\beta$1 has the limited value as a screening test for the diagnosis of aforementioned adult cancers because of its low sensitivity. Finally, additional studies need to be pursed for the large number of stomach cancer and pediatric solid tumor patients in order to reach a secure conclusion on the usefulness of plasma TGF-$\beta$1 as a tumor marker in these patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.511-518
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• 1998

Anti-complementary assay for immuno-stimulating polysaccharide screening, human tumor colony-forming assay for discovering anti-tumor drugs, and toxic assay against mouse were performed to examine pharmacological activities of polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies of Jang-soo mushroom (Fomitella fraxinea). Hot water $(100^{\circ}C,\;FF-I)$, 1% ammonium oxalate solution $(80^{\circ}C,\;FF-II)$, and 5% sodium hydroxide solution $(80^{\circ}C,\;FF-III)$ were used for extraction of three polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of it. Anti-complementary activity of FF-I was more effective than the others. FF-I was further fractionated into three groups of polysaccharide by DEAE-Sephadex A25 column chromatography (FF-NP, FF-AP1, and FF-AP2). FF-AP1 showed not only the highest anti-complementary activity but also the growth-inhibitory activity against Snu-I (human stomach cancer cell) among 9 kinds of human tumor cell lines. But FF-AP2 exhibited its activity against Hep-2(larynx cancer) and KB(mouth epidermal cancer) cell lines at $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ although its anti-complementary activity was lower than it of FF-AP1. When FF-I was orally administrated to mice with dosage of 5000 mg/kg, no remarkable changes were observed in viewpoint of tissue-pathology.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

Purpose: Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG), which retains pyloric ring and gastric function, has been accepted as a function-preserving procedure for early gastric cancer for the prevention of postgastrectomy syndrome. This study was compared laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preerving gastrectomy (LAPPG) with laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction (LADGB I). Materials and Methods: Between November 2006 and September 2007, 39 patients with early gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy in the Department of Surgery at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. 9 of these patients underwent LAPPG and 18 underwent LADGBI. When LAPPG was underwent, we preserved the pyloric branch, hepatic branch, and celiac branch of the vagus nerve, the infrapyloric artery, and the right gastric artery and performed D1+$\beta$ lymphadenectomy to the exclusion of suprapyloric lymph node dissection. The distal stomach was resected while retaining a $2.5{\sim}3.0\;cm$ pyloric cuff and maintaining a $3.0{\sim}4.0\;cm$ distal margin for the resection. Results: The mean age for patients who underwent LAPPG and LADGBI were $59.9{\pm}9.4$ year-old and $64.1{\pm}10.0$ year-old, respectively. The sex ratio was 1.3 : 1.0 (male 5, female 4) in the LAPPG group and 2.6 : 1.0 (male 13, female 5) in the LADGBI group. Mean total number of dissected lymph nodes ($28.3{\pm}11.9$ versus $28.1{\pm}8.9$), operation time ($269.0{\pm}34.4$ versus $236.3{\pm}39.6$ minutes), estimated blood loss ($191.1{\pm}85.7$ versus $218.3{\pm}150.6\;ml$), time to first flatus ($3.6{\pm}0.9$ versus $3.5{\pm}0.8$ days), time to start of diet ($5.1{\pm}0.9$ versus $5.1{\pm}1.7$ days), and postoperative hospital stay ($10.1{\pm}4.0$ versus $9.2{\pm}3.0$ days) were not found significant differences (P>0.05). The postoperative complications were 1 patient with gastric stasis and 1 patient with wound seroma in LAPPG group and 1 patient with left lateral segment infarct of liver in the LADGB I group. Conclusion: Patients treated by LAPPG showed a comparable quality of surgical operation compared with those treated by LADGBI. LAPPG has an important role in the surgical management of early gastric cancer in terms of quality of postoperative life. Randomized controlled studies should be undertaken to analyze the optimal survival and long-term outcomes of this operative procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 70% ethanol extracts of various germinated-rough rice cultivars: ('Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Keunnun', 'Sulgaeng', 'Baegjinju', and 'Heugkwang') on proliferation of human cancer cell lines (MKN-45, HCT116 and NCI-H460). Antiproliferation effects of rough rice on different cancer cell lines were higher in after germination than before germination. The viability of HCT-116 colon cancer cells was lowest at 18.89% in after germination of 'Heugkwang' at 1.0 mg/mL. The cell viability of MKN-45 lung cancer cells and MKN-45 stomach cancer cells were in the range of 5~10% in after germination of 'Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Baegjinju', and 'Sulgaeng', and 'Heugkwang' at 1.0 mg/mL. These results suggest that germinated rough rice might have a potential preventive effect on human cancer cells.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The origin of a submucosal tumor is difficult to determine by endoscopic biopsy. One type of submucosal tumor, which originates in Schwann cell, a schwannoma represents 0.2% of all gastric tumors. We experienced the case of a 57-year-old female patient with a gastric schwannoma presenting with melena and anemia. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a protruded huge mass from 3 cm below the cardia to angle. Seven endoscopic biopsies indicated only necrotic debri and granulation tissue, chronic gastritis. Because we suspected an advanced gastric cancer, or lymphoma with bleeding, It was performed an operation for an exact diagnosis and a treatment for bleeding. A-post-operative histopathological, immunohistochemical examination led to the final diagnosis of a gastric schwannoma.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2007

Gastric carcinoid tumor is a neoplasm that arises from enterochromaffine-like (ECL) cells in the gastric fundus. It is a rare disease that comprises less than 2% of all gastric neoplasms; however its incidence has been recently increasing. We experienced one case of gastric carcinoid tumor that was revealed to be multiple polypoid lesions. A 29-year-old female patient visited a hospital three years ago due to syncope. The blood hemoglobin was measured as 6.0 g/dl. Gastroscopy revealed multiple polypoid lesions with bleeding; therefore endoscopic clipping was performed. The polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumor via endoscopic biopsy. She was transferred to our hospital because of persistent iron deficiency anemia that was caused by bleeding at the gastric polyps. Gastroscopy revealed more than twenty various-sized polypoid lesions from the mid-body to the antrum. The blood hemoglobin level was 9.0g/dl. Total gastrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoid tumor with bleeding. All of the gastric polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumors, and any metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was not found. Eighteen months after operation, the blood hemoglobin was increased to 12.8g/dl with no evidence of recurrence. Surgical resection should be considered for treating gastric carcinoid tumor with continuous bleeding.