• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 2008

A twisted inverted-F antenna(TIFA) is proposed for a dual-band application. The TIFA features a twisted line for dual bands and a parasitic line for additional resonance. The proposed antenna has wideband characteristics at the high frequency band due to the merge of the resonances of the twisted line and the parasitic line. The electric size of the antenna is $0.109{\lambda}{\times}0.025{\lambda}{\times}0.0025{\lambda}$, whose length is about 44% of that of a conventional inverted-F antenna. The fabricated antenna on a thin FR4 substrate was measured to operate at 960 MHz with a bandwidth of 47 MHz, and at 1.8 GHz with a bandwidth of 289 MHz for $S_{11}$ less than -5 dB; the radiation efficiencies were 49% and 57%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2443-2448
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• 2013

In this paper, a design of size-reduced microwave oscillator using common defected ground structure (common DGS) is described. At first, an oscillator is designed using the normal stub resonator, and the conventional DGS patterns are inserted for the first trial of size-reduction. Finally, the DGS resonator section is folded by half size in order to adopt the common DGS, and this produces the proposed size-reduced oscillator. Common DGS pattern is inserted for a better size-reduction than when conventional DGSs are used. The folded transmission line is connected using the 3-dimensional signal via-holes. For an example of design, a 2.1GHz oscillator is designed and fabricated using a small signal transistor and common DGS, which shows the size-reduction of 11 mm. The measurement shows 6.7dBm of output power and -133dBc/Hz@1MHz of phase noise. The measured performances are so similar to those of the oscillators before size-reduction and prove the proposed size-reduction method of oscillators using common DGS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8C
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• pp.637-644
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• 2012

In this paper, a new compact power divider is suggested. Instead of the quarter wavelength transmission line(TX-line)s for the branches of the conventional Wilkinson's power divider design method, we use our composite right- and left-handed(CRLH) TX-line zeroth order resonator(ZOR) bandpass filters of one twelfth wavelength and reduce the physical length of the power divider. Besides, the filters in the branches can secure the passband for power-division. To validate the proposed power divider, we take an L-band for millitary satellaite transponder as the test case and the performances of the circuit and full-wave simulation results with the CRLH properties of the structure are shown with the dispersion curve and E-field at the ZOR. The measurement is compared with the simulation results. Also, the size reduction effect by the proposed scheme is addressed

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2016

The electrical load testing system developed from this study was designed to control rated-capacity-testing or variable-load-testing in an active and precise manner and save electric energy during testing, and also to convert the saved electric energy through the electrical load testing system to grid line. As for the device under testing, it was designed to be applied to not only transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, inverter which require grid voltage source but, also applied to electric power, aerogenerator, photovoltaic, hybrid generator, battery, etc. which do not require grid voltage source. The system was designed to return the power consumed during the testing to the grid line by connecting the synchronizing pwm inverter circuit to the grid voltage source, and was also made to enable the being-tested system from disuse of approximately 93.4% energy when compared to the conventional load testing system which has used the passive resistor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.837-843
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• 2008

This paper proposes a power divider based on meta-material structure with dual-band operation. The meta-material structures of left-hand characteristic are constituted of series capacitors and shunt inductors, but they have parasitic series inductance and shunt capacitance effects. There is represented the composite right/ left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) model. When the power divider is implemented by using the CRLH-TL, the power divider can operate dual band. To verify the power divider with dual band, we are implemented to operate dual-band that is 0.88 GHz and 1.67 GHz. The characteristics of divider have the return loss less than each 21.0 dB and 15.8 dB and the insertion loss better than 3.83 dB and 3.64 dB at each frequency. Also, the output phase difference is $3{\sim}6^{\circ}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2000

전지 재료의 충방전 과정 연구에는 X-선 분말회절(x-ray powder diffraction techniques)과 중성자회절을 많이 사용하였다. 하지만 이러한 분석기술은 long-range order의 구조에 관한 정보를 제공하는데 유용하지만 atomic scale의 구조에 관한 정보를 얻기에는 한계가 있다. Li 전지에서의 전기화학적 반응에서는 cathode 물질에 포함된 전이금속의 산화, 환원 반응에 의한 Li 이온의 intercalation (charge process)과 deintercalation (discharge process) 현상이 일어난다. 이러한 충방전 과정은 알려지지 않은 다양한 형태의 위상 변화를 동반하게 되는데 x-선 이나 중성자를 이용한 powder diffraction techniques 로는 단지 정성적인 결정학적 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 최근에 원자 단위의 local structure에 관한 정보와 electrochemical state에 관한 정보를 동시에 얻을 수 있는 X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) 분석기술을 Li 전지분석에 활용하기 시작하였다. XAFS는 하나의 x-ray 흡수원자에 대해서 주변원자들의 원자구조에 관한 정보와 구성 원소의 electrochemical state에 관한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 분석방법이다. X-ray Induced Electron Emission Spectroscopy (XIEES)는 x-ray에 의해서 방출된 전자를 검출하여 스펙트럼을 얻는 기능을 함축적으로 나타낸 것으로, x-ray를 물질 표면에 조사하여 발생하는 광전자, Auger 전자, 이차전자 등을 전자검출기(Channel Electron Multiplier: CEM)로 검출하는 기능과, 시료를 투과한 x-ray와 시료에서 발생하는 형광 x-ray를 비례계수기로 검출하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 이러한 검출 능력을 바탕으로 EXAFS, XANES, Standing Wave Technique, Elemental Composition Analysis, DXRD, Total Reflection Technique 등을 이용하여 물질을 구성하고 있는 원소의 성분, 미세원자구조, 전자구조에 관한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 새로운 spectrometer이다. 본 연구에서는 자체 개발한 XIEES의 XAFS 기능을 이용하여 여러 가지 방법으로 제조한 LiMn2-xO4와 LiMnO2, MnO2에서 Mn K-absorption edge에 대한 chemical state 변화를 측정하였다. Absorption edge에서 chemical shift를 측정하기 위해서는 방사광 가속기 수준의 에너지 분해능(~0.3eV)이 필요하다. 이번 연구에서는 SiO2(3140) monochromator를 사용하고 여기에 맞는 적절한 parameter를 적용하여 x-ray 에너지 분해능을 포항방사광가속기 수준으로 개선하였다. XIEES에서 얻은 스펙트럼과 포항방사광가속기에서 얻은 스펙트럼을 비교하였다. Chemical shift가 일어나는 경향은 두 실험 결과가 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.35-40
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• 2008

This paper proposes a dual-band balun which is based on Wilkinson power divider. By inserting $\lambda/2$ transmission line between port 2 and 3, this balun shows good matching at all ports and improved isolation. We use matamaterial(CRLH, D-CRLH) structure for a miniaturization of the circuit implementation and dual-band operation at TDMB frequency range(195MHz) and DVB-H frequency range(670MHz). The proposed balun is designed with return loss larger than -12.98dB at all port, and isolation larger than -12.4dB, the amplitude imbalance between output signals less than 0.08dB, also phase differences of outputs less than $2.8^{\circ}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.844-847
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• 2012

By using LHTL(Left-Handed Transmission Line) which is a form of a metamaterial and conventional RHTL (Right-Handed Transmission Line), we designed, fabricated and tested a broadband $90^{\circ}$ coupler which is a basic circuit for I-Q vector signal generation. Synthetic LHTL and RHTL were implemented with capacitors and inductors only, that the size is minimized. Also, by implementing a Wilkinson power divider which is required for the suggested circuit using a synthetic RHTL, the size of whole circuit is only $11mm{\times}12mm$. For the frequency range 0.8~1.25 GHz, the phase difference at the outputs maintained $90^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}$ and thus, a broadband $90^{\circ}$ coupler could be made in a compact form. for the same frequency range, the insertion loss is less than 1.6 dB and return loss is more than 10.1 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest and broadband $90^{\circ}$ coupler for the frequency range and if the circuit is made with MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) technology, the size will be reduced much further.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.55-88
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• 2010

Jeong Yakyong deconstructs the Li theory of human nature in order to restore the original tradition of Confucius and Mencius. He downgrades theoretical statuses of Taeguk(ultimate pole) and Li, and denies truth values of the sameness premise of human nature and Li. He argues that human nature must be non other than mind's preference, and thus that human substance must not be human nature, but mind. Since mind can do good things as well as bad things, he tries to lead mind to do good things by way of restoring a primitive worship for Sangje(heavenly emperor). However, his major concepts and premises do not fit with original meanings of old confucian biblical books. Futhermore, his preference theory of human nature contains many contradictions and errors. Thus, his theory could not be evaluated as one which had transcended the Li theory of human nature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.831-840
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• 2019

The X-ray detector by liquid crystal with front light was proposed and verified by a X-ray image. The proposed detector utilizes the visible light instead of the electric signal by transistor. Therefore, it shows low noise and can be fabricated at low cost. The liquid crystal detector uses the orientation change of the liquid crystal molecule by conductivity change of the photoconductive layer. We can get the X-ray image from the transmitted light through the liquid crystal. The X-ray dose was calibrated from the measured transmittance of the visible light after comparison to the reference transmittance curve of the liquid crystal. The amorphous Se was used for photo con ducting layer and parylene was used for the liquid crystal alignment instead of the conventional alignment layer which needs high-temperature process over 200℃. The proposed X-ray detector can decrease the X-ray dose by high sensitivity which was verified by simulation. After the fabrication of the X-ray detector, the X-ray image was obtained as a function of the bias voltage to the liquid crystal. 10 lines/mm resolution was obtained from the line pattern and we will apply it to the 17inch diagonal liquid crystal X-ray detector with 3π retardation.