• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.46-63
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• 2012

The object of this study was to analyze the speciality of Korean traditional waterscape and unique landscape formed with reflection of the phases of the time sat the area of Juhabru(宙合樓) in Changdeok Palace as a basic research to find the prototype of Taeaek pond at Changdeok Palace and restoration of the palace. Originally, Taeaek pond at Changdeok Palace was constructed in KingInjo(仁祖) period as a name of Yongji(龍池), later it called Taeaek pond after King Sukjong(肅宗). There is an island as a symbol of the immortal isle, and Chungseojeong(淸署亭), Taiksujae(澤水齋) and Buyongjeong(芙蓉亭) which were built to view the waterscape in Taeaek pond. Buildings were built asymmetrical balance around Taeaek pond because of the morphological character of tetragonal pond. Arrangement of this area has a definite form of axial structure. Yeolgokwan(閱古觀) Gaeyuwa(皆有窩), pavilions, bridges, islands, Osumoon(魚水門) and Juhabru are located on the north and south axis, and island and Osumoon play a role as a intersection and form an east of west axis. In this study, manual of construction for an island and pavilions is provided by analyzing transformational process of island and pavilions at Taeaek pond. Furthermore, kings and officials used to statically enjoy the view around Taeaek pond area, but dynamic fishing and boating activity happened in King Jungjo(正祖) period. These historical backgrounds have an influence on the spatial organization of Taeaek pond. For instance, bridge between Taeaek pond and island was destroyed with the increase of the importance of boating. Symbolic structure around Taeaek pond means 'fish changes to dragon' and 'both of king and officials become one'. Taiksujai, carving fish, Osumoon and Juhabru are provided as a related spatial factors.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2013

This case report describes about recurrent herpetic stomatitis mimicking post-root resection complication. A 49 year-old male patient was diagnosed vertical root fracture of the mesiobuccal root of his left maxillary first molar (#26). The mesiobuccal root was resected following root canal treatment of the same tooth. 19 months later, the patient presented with pain on left hard palate after a barbecue party. Intra oral examination revealed a gum boil-like blister at the hard palate corresponding to the apex of the palatal root of #26. On clinical examination, there was bleeding on probing and the periodontal pocket depth was measured less than 5 mm with no tooth mobility. On a periapical radiograph, periodontal ligament space widening was observed. Tracing the sinus tract with gutta percha cone was attempted, however, it was impossible. Extending the field of vision, small multiple round ulcerations were observed at the palate front which caused pain to the patient. Therefore, the pain was considered a non odontogenic and the patient was referred to the department of oral medicine. The patient was diagnosed recurrent herpetic stomatitis and after 3 days of antiviral medication, the pain and ulceration were subsided.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1999

The nervous tissue in the cerebral ganglion of Korean planaria was observed using electron microscope. The obtained results are as follows: A cerebral ganglion is composed of the nerve cells, neurosecretory cells, neuroglial cells and neuropils. The nerve cells are round or ovoidal-shaped cells (diameter, $5{\mu}m$), which has a large ellipsoidal nucleus containing the evenly developed heterochromatin. Their cytoplasms were found to be relatively simple, because of their undeveloped cell organelles. The neurosecretory cells are long and ellipsoid or spindle-shaped cells, where there were found a large ellipsoidal nucleus and cytoplasm filled with secretory granules (diameter, 60 nm). The neuroglial cells were seldom observed. They are spindle-shaped cells (size, $6\times0.8{\mu}m$), which were observed mainly among the nerve fibers. The neuropils are formed by the nerve fibers and nerve endings which are filled with mitochondria, neurotubules and secretory granules of four kinds (high electron dense granules of sizes 75 nm, 50 nm and 37 nm, and electron lucent granule of size 30 nm etc.). These granular vesicles are divided into single vesicle type and compound vesicle type in the nerve terminals, and neuronal synapses were observed to be the axo-dendritic and dendro-dendritic synapse type.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

Objectives This study is a preliminary study for safe and accurate cervical Hyeopcheok acupuncture by comparing the depth of cervical Hyeopcheok acupoint with cervical spine rotation. Methods Researchers took ultrasonographic images of cervical Hyeopcheok acupoint during full rotation of cervical spine, 45 degree rotation and neutral condition in a prone position. 4 healthy volunteers were recruited. Results No significant difference in needling depth of cervical Hyeopcheok acupoint was observed. However, there were a differences in anatomical structures' shape such as muscles. Conclusions There are no significant difference in needling depth, but anatomical structures' shape were changed. This result mean that if patient rotate cervical spine during acupuncture treatment, it can occur complications. Thus, when acupuncture treatment on cervical Hyeopcheok acupoint, practioner should make subject's cervical spine alignment corrected and be careful not to change posture during the procedure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1971

In 1969, a pot experiment with four replications of 10 treatments including control(without potash) was carried out in order to study the effect of potash top-dressings in the condition of heavy nitrogen application on rice. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. 1. When potash was applied 70% as basic dressing and 30% as top-dressing at ear-formation stage, a considerable increase of the yield of paddy was obtained as compared to the treatment of the whole amount of potash as basic dressing. 2. The antagonism phenomenon of $K_2O$ contents with N contents in the plants appeared to be severe at the maximum reduction division stage and ear-formation stage is next. 3. $K_2O/N$ ratio gave a positive correlation with the yield components before heading and specially, $K_2O/N$ ratio at heading stage was considerably correlated with ripening percentage.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.481-491
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• 2019

The wall paintings of the Afrasiab Palace in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, located at the center of the Silk Road where the culture of the East and the West crossed from ancient times to the Middle Ages, have been unearthed in 1960s and attracted attention from academia. In particular, two characters wearing a Korean ancient hat (Jougwan), who were considered to be ancient Korean, were found in the western wall. The wall depicted the Coronation of King Barfuman of Sogdiana Kingdom in 7th century. It is being used as an important feed for studying the international situation and cultural characteristics at that time. This mural, which is now in the Historical Museum of Afrasiab, contain four different paintings at each side, and has its own cultural characteristics and elements. Nevertheless, there has been no development of storytelling and cultural contents using it. The purpose of this study is to find out how to develop and utilize cultural contents and characters based on the paintings of west wall of Afrasiab palace. To this end, we visited the museum and investigated the mural as well as surveyed many academic materials.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.138-153
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• 2015

A Jincheon Seokjangri B23 furnace was reconstructed and iron smelting experiment was performed to investigate an ancient Baekjae iron production process. The work mainly described in this paper is the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ experiments among the several experiments carried out at Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Iron ore(magnetite) and oak charcoal were used as a source and a foot bellow was used for air supply. Common results of the experiments are masses of iron, slag and charcoal formed in the furnace. Most iron lumps were formed nearby the tuyere rather than the area of tapping hole. Metallographic and chemical analysis shows that the iron lumps can be used for either forge or cast depending on their carbon content. Low Fe content and glassy texture of the inner slags suggest that the operation environment was quite reducing. Based on the results of the iron smelting experiments, measurements and analysis, various information was obtained regarding physical-chemical and metallurgical processes of the ancient iron smelting process. It is firmly believed that its undisclosed contents can be revealed more in depth with continual reconstitution experiments.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2021

This study was carried out to clarify the egg, larvae and juveniles development of Abbottina springeri. For the experiments, the matured adults were collected at the Seowon-cheon, Dangjin-si, Chungcheongnam-do, in Korea. The amount of spawning of female A. springeri was about 1,225~2,100 (1,662±437, n=10). The fertilized eggs were circular in shape and 1.05~1.13 (1.08±0.02, n=30) mm in diameter. The hatching time was required 72 hours to 80 hours after fertilization under water temperature of 22℃. The newly hatched larvae were 2.10~2.23 (2.16±0.04, n=10) mm in total length and had egg yolk in the abdomen but the mouth was not opened. At 5 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae were 3.19~3.30 (3.24±0.03, n=10) mm in total length and the most of yolk-sac was absorbed. At the 15 days after hatching, the flexion larvae were 4.97~5.30 (5.13±0.12, n=10) mm in total length and the tip of the caudal fin was began to bend upward. At the 25 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae were 8.97~9.60 (9.44±0.16, n=10) mm in total length and the tip of the caudal fin was bent at 45°. At the 35 days after hatching, the juvenile were 12.0~13.5 (12.7±0.53, n=10) mm in total length and all fin-rays (iii7 dorsal fin, iii6 anal fin, i7 ventral fins) were reached a constant number of each part.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.861-872
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• 2008

Concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer tubes are often used for marine structures with the benefit of good durability and high resistance against corrosion under severe chemical environment. Current research presents results of a comprehensive experimental investigation on the behavior of axially loaded circular concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer tubes. This paper is intended to examine several aspects related to the usage of glass fiber fabrics and filament wound layers used for outer shell of piles subjected to axial compression. The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of filament winding angle of glass fiber layers (2) to evaluate the effect of number of GFRP layers on the ultimate load and ductility of confined concrete (3) to evaluate the effect of loading condition of specimens on the effectiveness of confinement and failure characteristics as well, and (4) to propose a analytical model which describes the stress-strain behavior of the confined concrete. Three different types of glass fiber layers were chosen; fabric layer, ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ filament winding layer, and ${\pm}85^{\circ}$ filament winding layer. They were put together or used independently in the fabrication of tubes. Specimens that have various L:D ratios and different diameters have also been tested. Totally 27 GFRP tube specimens to investigate the tension capacity, and 66 concrete-filled GFRP tube specimens for compression test were prepared and tested. The behavior of the specimens in the axial and transverse directions, failure types were investigated. Analytical model and parameters were suggested to describe the stress-strain behavior of concrete under confinement.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.434-440
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• 2022

The ICAO (International civil aviation organization)recommended the implementation of the GANP (global air navigation plan) for strategic decision-making and air traffic management evaluation. In this study, we proposed a new method for finding the route distance from KPI (key performance indicator) 05 actual route extension presented for air traffic management evaluation. For this purpose, we collected trajectory data for one month and calculated the en-route distances using the methods presented in ICAO and the methods presented by this author. In the ICAO method, the intersection point must be estimated through the equation of a circle for radius 40 NM and the equation of a straight line for an inner and outer point close to a circle in the track data, and four flight distances are calculated to calculate the en-route distance. In the method presented in this study, two flight distances are calculated without estimating the intersection point to calculate the en-route distance. To determine the error between the two methods, we used the performance evaluation index RMSE (root mean square error) and the determination factor R² of the regression model.