• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

Weonhyeong is one of important commercial strains. It has good characteristics of bundle formation, grey colored pilei and high productivity. We previously reported grouping of 70 strains of Pleurotus ostreatus in which one group contained 35 strains including Weonhyeong. Four strains in that group showed same profiles implicating no variety distinction for mushroom cultivation. Now we developed a specific marker for identification of Weonhyeong. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker was developed from the RAPD amplicon. SCAR marker 'S-OPO5' produced only one band specific to 2183, 2240, 2595 and 2725 strains showing similar banding patterns to Weonhyeong in RAPD-PCR results. The sequence of 'S-OPO5' marker was unknown when compared with the data in the Genbank using BLASTN. BLASTX results indicated that the marker showed significant alignment with the protein sequences in Tricholoma bakamatsutake reverse transcriptase. The results indicate that this new SCAR marker ('S-OPO5') will be valuable to distinguish the Weonhyeong similar strains from Pleurotus spp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1986

Conditions for production, fusion and reversion of protoplasts of Aspergillus niger were investigated, and an attempt was made to enhance fusion frequency. Auxotrophic mutants and morphological mutants were induced by U.V. irradiation $(9.9\;erg/mm^2,\;13min)$ on Aspergillus niger. Maximum yield of protoplasts was obtained from 21 hr cultured mycelia by using 1% driselase in 0.6 M KCl or 0.6 M $NH_4Cl$ as osmotic stabilizer. The optimal temperature for mycelium digestion was $30^{\circ}C$, and the optimal pH was 6.0. Protoplasts produced at different digestion period showed heterogeneity in size and vacuole content. Maximal frequency of protoplasts reversion was obtained on 0.6 M KCl stabilized agar medium at pH 5.0. Reversion frequencies of protoplasts produced for 3 hr and 1 hr mycelial digestion were 8.0% and 15.3%, respectively. The optimal concentration of PEG(m.w. 6000) for protoplast fusion was 30%, and that of $CaCl_2$ was $1{\sim}50\;mM$. The optimal pH and period for the reaction of PEG solution were 8.0 and 10 minutes, respectively. Fusion frequencies between auxotrophic protoplasts produced for 3 hr-mycelial digestion were $0.06{\sim}0.42%$, and those for 1 hr-mycelial digestion were $0.09{\sim}0.54%$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.743-749
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• 2014

In this study, a noncircular drawing (NCD) sequence for manufacturing high-strength and high-ductility pearlitic steel wires was investigated. Multipass NCD was conducted up to the 12th pass at room temperature with two processing routes (defined as the NCDA and NCDB), and compared with the wire drawing (WD). During the torsion test, delamination fracture in the drawn wire was observed in the 10th pass of the WD whereas it was not observed until the 12th pass of the NCDB. From X-ray diffraction, the circular texture component that increases the likelihood of delamination fracture of the drawn wire was rarely observed in the NCDB. Thus, the improved ability of the multipass NCDB to manufacture high-strength pearlitic steel wires with high torsional ductility compared to the WD (by reducing the likelihood of delamination fracture) was demonstrated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2008

To obtain protoplasts of Colletotrichum acutatum JC24, conidia were inoculated onto cellophane membrane placed on PDA and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs under the dark condition. Cellophane membranes, where mycelia were incubated, were soaked into 2% lysing enzyme solution prepared with 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) including 1.2 M sorbitiol. After treatment in 2% enzyme solution for 2 - 3 hrs, it could be possible to harvest $2-3\;{\times}\;10^6$ protoplasts/mL. The effect of several fungicides on reversion ratio was determined by using the protoplasts obtained from C. acutatum JC24. Any protoplasts could not be reversed to mycelia on reversion PDA amended with $10\;{\mu}\;g\;mL^{-1}$ of propineb. With tebuconazole, inhibition ratio of protoplast reversion was 100 and 0.9% at 0.5 and $0.1\;{\mu}\;g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively, while inhibitory effect on mycelial growth was 85.1 and 75.7%. The inhibitory tendency of carbendazim on protoplast reversion was as same as mycelial growth. In the case of strobilurins, trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl, they only could inhibit protoplast reversion of C. acutatum JC24, when salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) was amended into reversion PDA with strobilurins.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2005

This experiment was established to find out the effect of drying methods on the fruit and powder color of red pepper. Hunter's L, a, and b values of the dried fruit were also higher with the cut fruit in comparison with the whole or punched fruit. The Hunter's a value of the pepper powder after drying and grinding was slightly higher for the whole fruit with sun drying, but it was higher for the cut fruit in case of heat drying. The ASTA value was higher when pepper fruits were sun dried. For the heat drying, the value was higher with the drying temperature $60^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

Some factors affecting the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum and regeneration of the protoplast were investigated and the results obtained are summarized as follows; Novozym 234 as a lytic enzyme was the most effective for the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidu m and its optimal concentration was 10mg per ml of osmotic stabilizer. The highest number of protoplasts were released after 3 hours incubation in the reciprocal shaking bath at 120 oscillations a minute. Among six osmotic stabilizers tested, 0.6M sucrose showed the best result. SCM medium showed good mycelial growth and high yields of protoplasts. The protoplasts released from the mycelium of G. lucidum were regenerated at 0.20 to 0.27 percent on MCM, MMM and SCM. Of the cultures obtained from protoplasts regenerated, 13 to 29 percent were monokaryon.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 1986

In order to develope interspecific fusion of the genus Cellulomonas capable of assimilation cellulose, the optimun conditions for the protoplast formation was investigated to examine the susceptibility of cell wall, between different species of the same genus using scanning electron microscope. The variation in the susceptibilities of Cellulomonas sp. CS 1-1 and C. flavigena to lysozyme treatment were considerably remarkable, although they belong to the same genus. The rate of protoplast formation of CS1-1 was 99.9% being treated with lysozyme $(100{\mu}g/ml)$ for 30 minute and that of C. flavigena was about 80% being treated at the concentration of $600{\mu}g/ml$ of lysozyme for 6 hours. The susceptibility of cell wall to the lysozyme treatment on protoplast formation of the strain, CS1-1 seems not to be depend on the cultural periods of cells. On the contrary, that of C. flavigena was considerably depend on the periods. Cells of C. flavigena at mid exponential phase could be more efficiently converted to protoplast cells than those at late exponential phase be done. The rate of the protoplast formation was 95%, when cells of C. flavigena at mid exponential phase were treated with lysozyme $600{\mu}g/ml$ for 6 hours and observed by SEM. In the evalution of protoplast formation of the CS1-1 results of counting method in plate after osmotic shock treatment were similar to the results of the direct observation method by means of SEM. But in the case of C. flavigena the latter method was much more reliable than the former, because the differences between the number of spheroplasts and protoplasts were not able to figure out on conuting the number of protoplast after osmotic shock tretment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

In this paper, a compact circularly polarized metamaterial patch antenna using cross aperture-coupled feed is proposed. The CP antenna utilizes the -1 mode that is induced by the composit right-left handed(CRLH) transmission line. Since the -1 mode has the same properties with the $TM_{010}$ mode of the conventional patch antenna, the circular polarization(CP) can be realized. If two orthogonal modes are excited with $90^{\circ}$ phase difference, the CP property can be obtained. In order to obtain two orthogonal modes and $90^{\circ}$ phase difference, 4 mushroom structures having the shape of square are employed. The width and length of the cross aperture are optimized through the design algorithm. The fabricated antenna is based on RT/duroid5880 substrate and the total area of the 4 mushroom is $0.25{\lambda}_0{\times}0.25{\lambda}_0$. The center frequency of the LHCP(Left-Handed Circular Polarization) antenna is measured as 1.622 GHz and circular polarization bandwidth(3 dB) is measured as 3 MHz. The center frequency of the RHCP(Right-Handed Circular Polarization) antenna is measured as 1.609 GHz and circular polarization bandwidth (3 dB) is measured as 3 MHz, respectively. The measured radiation efficiency of LHCP antenna is 61.1 % and the measured radiation efficiency of RHCP antenna is 54.5 %.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 2004

In order to measure cellular physiological activity including ion channel activity, protoplasts were isolated from the root tissue of tomato plant. The general methods recommended were not efficient enough to make protoplasts from the root tissue. Among various conditions tested, we found that a two-step treatment of osmosis is very efficient for the isolation of protoplasts. In this procedure, root tissues were preincubated in a solution containing 300 mM sorbitol for 30 min. Then, they moved to the reaction solution containing 700 mM sorbitol as well as cell wall-digesting enzymes. The formation of protoplast was greatly increased by this method. In order to find the optimal condition of the two-step method, various conditions of pH, osmotic pressure, incubation time, and the concentrations of cell wall-digesting enzymes were tested. The yield of protoplast isolation was maximal at pH 5.0 after 2 hr incubation. Mixed enzymes of 3% cellulase, 1 % macerozyme, and 0.1 % pectolyase showed maximal protoplast isolation. The physiological activity of isolated protoplast evaluated by measuring the cellular ATPase activity was as high as that measured from the preparation of root tissue. The protoplasts isolated by this method were remained healthy up to 4 hrs which is enough time to measure the cellular physiological activity. These results show that the two-step treatment of osmotic pressure was successful to obtain high yield of healthy protoplast from tomato root tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1441-1452
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• 2003

오늘날 지체장애인의 수는 후천적 원인으로 인하여 점점 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이에 본 연구는 훨체어를 사용하는 하반신마비자 중 성인남성을 중심으로 인체계측을 통해 적합성이 높은 바지를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인체계측 결과 하반신마비자들은 정상인과 비교했을 때 허리둘레 및 배둘레에서 유의한 차이를 보여 새로운 치수체계가 필요로 함을 알 수 있었다 또 자세 변화에 따른 둘레항목의 치수 변화와 피부 신축율에 의해 허리선의 변화가 고려되어 평상시의 휠체어에 앉은 자세에서 계측한 항목으로 원형이 설계되어야 할 필요가 있다고 분석되었다. 2. 연구원형은 기성복화 하기 위한 방법으로 먼저 기준치수(98-102)를 선정하고, 원형 각 부위는 절대치로 수치화 시켜서 제시하였다. 뒤밑위길이선은 허리선에서 8cm 늘이고 앞밑위길이선은 허리선에서 6cm 줄여 앉은 자세에서 편안함을 확보할 수 있도록 하였다. 기준치수의 경우 바지길이 107cm, 밑위길이 26cm, 밑위선 28cm, 엉덩이둘레선은 밑위선 위로 8.5cm, 바지부리는 10.5cm이고 외관과 기능성 평가 결과 대부분의 항목에서 우수한 평가를 받았다. 3. 계측 대상자 계측치를 근거로 치수의 출현율을 고려하여 연구 치수체계를 기본 신체부위인 앉은 허리둘레와 앉은 엉덩이둘레의 순으로 적용하여 총 7개의 치수로 설정하였다. 기준치수(98-102)의 연구원형을 마스터 패턴으로 하고 구체적인 원형 부위별 절대치로써 치수 차를 검토하여 연구 그레이딩 룰을 설계하였으며 기준치수 보다 작은 사이즈 88-93과 큰 사이즈 108-111의 적합성을 검증하였다.