• Water for future
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2021

2021년도부터 제3차 비점오염원관리종합대책이 시행되고, 정부 부처 물환경관리 대책도 유역관리중심 강우유출수관리 중심을 전환되고 있다. 이러한 비점오염관리에 대한 정책 변화 발 맞추어 원주지방환경청에서는 지역거점형 「비점오염관리 연구·지원센터」를 설립하고, 강원지역 한강 상류 수계에 분포하고 있는 고랭지밭에서 배출되는 흙탕물 발생 저감을 위한 다양한 발생원 관리 비점오염 저감사업을 추진하고 있다. 그 외에도 강원도 지자체 및 이해관계기관에서는 흙탕물 저감 교육 및 거버넌스 활성화 프로그램 개발 및 운영에 힘쓰고 있다. 이러한 강원지역 비점오염저감을 위한 다양한 노력을 통해 향후 유역단위 흙탕물 저감 방안 마련과 상하류간 이해 증진, 민원 해결, 그리고 비용·경제적 실효성 있는 문제 해결을 기대해 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2021

Chemical accidents caused by transport vehicles account for 20% of all chemical accidents every year, but there are difficulties in the accident-response process due to repeated situations where the impact assessment information is unknown. In this study, we developed a calculation table and formula for predicting the range of damage for chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, which have a high domestic usage, high risk of accidents, and high accident frequency in the last 7 years. The calculation table is based on the leakage rate, wind speed, and temperature, and the calculation formula was derived using R software for special situations where it is difficult to apply the calculation table. The calculation table and formula could be used on site by related organizations to obtain important information for decision making, which could help in minimizing damage from chemical accidents, setting separation distances, and deciding to evacuate residents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.399-399
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• 2023

한강상류 비점오염원관리지역은 장기간 나지로 방치되고 있는 고랭지밭이 집중 분포하고 있어, 강우시 다량의 흙탕물 발생으로 인해 하천 환경오염 및 상·하류 지역사회간 갈등 문제가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이러한 강우시 흙탕물로 인해 하류지역 주민들은 심각한 피해를 호소하므로 상·하류 지역간 갈등을 해소하기 위해서라도 상류지역에서 발생한 흙탕물이 어디까지 도달하는지에 대한 과학적 평가가 요구된다. 하지만, 상류부터 하류 사이에는 많은 유입 지류하천이 존재하고 있어, 실측을 통해 흙탕물의 거동을 파악하기에는 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고 유사거동을 파악하기 위해서는 강우시 실측 모니터링과 수질 모델링을 통한 흙탕물 거동 특성 평가가 필요하다. 현재, 자운지구에서 발생한 흙탕물은 내린천을 거쳐 소양호까지 영향을 미치고 있으나, 실제 상류유역에서 발생한 흙탕물이 하류 유역에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고 흙탕물의 거동특성을 파악한 연구는 전무하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자운지구를 포함한 내린천유역을 대상으로 강우시 실측 모니터링을 수행하고 수질 모델링을 통해 흙탕물의 거동특성을 평가하였다. 강우시 실측 모니터링 자료와 SWAT 모형을 활용하여 흙탕물 거동특성을 분석한 결과, 상류유역에 해당하는 자운지구에서 발생한 유사가 하류지역인 내린천까지 이동하고 있는 것으로 모의가 되었으며, 내린천의 유사 이동량은 448,986 ton으로 이중 자운지구에서 발생한 유사량은 9.7%의 기여도를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2021

Objectives: The correlation between the size of a leak hole, the volume of the leakage, and the range of influence was investigated for a hydrochloric acid tank-lorry. Methods: For the case of a tank-lorry chemical accident, KORA (Korea Off-site Risk Assessment Supporting Tool) was used to predict the leak rate and the range of influence according to the size of the leak hole. The correlation was studied using R. Results: As a result of analyzing the leak rate change according to the leak hole size in a 35% hydrochloric acid tank-lorry, as the size of the leak hole increased from 1 to 100 mm, the leak rate increased from 0.008 to 83.94 kg/sec, following the power function. As a result of calculating the range of influence under conditions ranging from 1 to 100 mm in size and 10 to 60 minutes of leakage time, it was found that the range spanned from a minimum of 5.4 m to a maximum of 307.9 m. As a result of multiple regression analysis using R, the quadratic function model best explained the correlation between the size of the leak hole, the leak time, and the range of influence with an adjected coefficient of determination of 0.97 and a root mean square error of 22.33. Conclusion: If a correlation database for the size of a leak hole is accumulated for various substances and under various conditions, the amount of leakage and the range of influence can easily be calculated, facilitating field response activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.350-350
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• 2022

R은 통계 및 빅데이터 분석에 널리 사용되는 오픈 소스 프로그래밍 언어로, 통계와 그래픽스에 관련된 기능을 확정할 수 있어 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있다. 특히, 수자원 분야의 연구에서 그 활용이 늘어나고 있으며, 최근 들어 다양한 수자원 관련 R 패키지가 발표되고 있다. 이중, 미국 지질조사국(U.S. Geological Survey, USGS)이 개발한 EGRET은 수질 및 유출량 자료의 장기 추세 변화 분석을 위한 패키지로 R 프로그래밍 언어를 기반으로 구동되며, 분석·처리한 데이터에 대하여 광범위한 그래픽 프리젠테이션을 제공하여 탐색적 자료 분석에 매우 효과적인 도구이다. 특히, EGRET 패키지는 농도와 유출 사이의 관계 특성, 수집된 자료의 계절성 존재 및 특성, 점진적 또는 급격한 경향의 존재를 검토할 수 있는 그래픽 결과를 제시하며, 가중 회귀(Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season, 이하 WRTDS) 모델을 적용하여 농도와 부하의 상태와 경향을 특성화한다. 시간, 유량 및 계절에 대한 WRTDS 모델은 농도 및 부하의 상태와 경향을 특성화하는 데 사용할 수 있는 수질 데이터 세트의 분석 방법으로, 근본적으로 탐색적 데이터 분석 방법으로 다양한 유형의 트렌드 시나리오에 민감하도록 설계되었으며 선형 또는 2차 함수형에 맞지 않을 수 있는 시간적 추세를 탐지하여 설명할 수 있고, 불규칙한 간격의 자료를 사용하기에 적합한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 북한강 상류의 지속적인 흙탕물 발생으로 문제가 되고 있는 자운지구의 자운천을 대상으로 흙탕물 발생 현황을 분석하기 R을 이용하여 탐색적 자료 분석을 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 EGRET 패키지를 사용하여 수집된 자료(2016년 4월 - 2021년 7월까지 수집된 191개의 SS 자료와 인근 유량측정망의 유량자료)의 유량과 SS 농도 간의 관계, 시간에 따른 SS 농도 분포, SS 농도의 월별 특성 분석 및 유황별 SS 농도 변화 등을 검토하였으며, WRTDS 모델로 SS와 부하량을 예측하고 검토하여 자운천 유역의 흙탕물 부하 특성을 검토하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.131-167
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• 2019

Securing reference information (inventory) is essential for proper conservation and management of protected areas. Moreover, the investigation results should be available for comparison and evaluation. For this study, we established seven investigational lattices and carried out the field examinations to obtain comparable data in the Donggang river basin ecological and scenery conservation area, We conducted a total of 16 field surveys and identified a total of 830 taxa that is composed of 127 families, 408 genera, 716 species, 10 subspecies, 88 varieties, and 16 forms. We identified a total of 487 taxa in the 6th investigational lattice and 457 taxa in the 4th. We observed 6 species (grade II) designated by the Ministry of Environment as the endangered plants, one "species to monitor" designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 23 taxa designated as endemic species. Regarding the floristic characteristics plants, 15 taxa of grade V, 27 taxa of grade IV, 38 taxa of grade III, 31 taxa of grade II, and 19 taxa of grade I were identified. The 6th investigational lattice showed the largest number of taxa at 70. A total of 58 taxa were identified as the naturalized plant, and the 6th investigational lattice showed the most at 35 taxa. The Donggang river basin ecological and scenery conservation area was assessed to be an extremely important area to conserve and maintain plants species diversity not only in the regional scale but also national scale.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.291-307
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• 2016

Evaluation of the extinction risk of endangered plants at international, national as well as at regional levels is essential to the implementation of plans for direct conservation activities. Reports indicate that 34 endangered plants are distributed in the middle eastern area of Korea. For each endangered plant, we investigated the sites, area of extents, population size, and factors that affect population extinction. We assessed risk factors based on 10 evaluation criteria including the results from the investigation and the life traits each endangered plant has. As a result of evaluating the risk factors, these 34 endangered plants are classified into 3 groups: the first category comprises 12 endangered plants that require active and urgent conservation of habitats due to multiple risk factors; the second group has 16 endangered plants that should be able to persist with the removal of a few direct risk factors; the third category has 6 endangered plants that can persist with minimal management due to comparatively large distributed area and numerous individuals. It was found that most major risk factors in the population of endangered plants are caused by disruption of habitats and population extinction due to the increase of human habitation in the concerned areas, development and illegal harvesting. Futhermore, ecological collapse from decreasing habitats and malfunctioning mechanism of extinction and regeneration due to the changes of vegetational environment can be the other causes. From the area of the present investigations, we selected 5 regions according to the number of species and the frequency of appearance and importance of conservation measures. Also, we suggested a conservation strategy according to the regional characteristics. We suggest that the method for evaluating extinction risk of endangered plants includes distributional data and life traits of species. In addition, we underscore the necessity for understanding population dynamics and ecological niche of the each target species.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

The USLE P factor is a factor that varies depending on how croplands are managed and cultivated. Previous studies tend to overestimate the amount of soil loss because the factor was estimated from the slope of the watershed rather than the estimate of each cultivated land. In addition, the accuracy of estimating the soil loss is decreasing due to the fact that the factor is calculated without considering various conditions of cultivated land defined by Wishmeier and Smith. In order to overcome these problems, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) has proposed to establish the topsoil notification and calculate the P factor according to the cultivation methods (e.g., tillage system, support practice). However, it is required to apply the conditions proposed in the United States to domestic circumstances as it is causing uncertainties. Thus, this study selected the watersheds where soil loss was serious (Haean, Jaun, Banbyeoncheon), measured the actual slopes and slope lengths, and examined the crop, tillage systems, and support practice for each cultivated land. The P factors were recalculated considering the actual conditions of cultivated land and compared to the factors proposed by the previous studies (MOE). As the result of the study, the P factors calculated based on the previous studies were 0.8 ~ 1.0 in three watersheds. On the other hand, it is confirmed that there is a significant difference between the factors notified by MOE and estimated by reflecting the topography and cultivation methods in this study. Therefore, it is considered that the research for developing the cultivation conditions to calculate the P factor suitable for the domestic environment should be continuously carried out.