• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2002

OBJECTIVE: This study was Far infrared(FIR) irradiating to a rat collagen-induced autoimmune arthritis and observed nitric oxide level of spine. METHODS: Type II collagen(CII) in adjuvant was injected into rats on day 0. The results showed that rats injected with CII plus adjuvant had signs of autoimmune arthritis on day 14. Thereafter, Far infrared(FIR) irradiation was begun on day 15. The rats were irradiated FIR twice per day for 20 min each time. RESULTS: Seven days later(Day 22), the level of NO at FIR irradiated group(FRG; Arth+FIR) was decreased more than FIR-non irradiated group(FNRG; Arth). Twenty-one days later(Day 36), the level of NO at FRG was more closed to the control group's NO level than the FNRG. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that Far infrared irradiating appears to reduce the nitric oxide level at a rat model of autoimmune arthritis induced.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2018

고도의 산업화에 따라 도시의 성장과 인구의 밀집으로 인하여 물의 수요가 증가하고 이에 따라 각종 오염원의 유입이 증가함에 따라서 적절한 수질 관리에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 그리고 산업이 다양화됨에 따라 배출되는 하 폐수의 특성도 다양해져 기존의 수질처리장은 효율적인 처리를 하는데 있어 많은 어려움이 발생되고 있다. 굴 패각은 하수처리의 담체로 이용할 경우 살수여상의 문제점 중 하나로 나타나는 막힘 현상을 다소 감소시킬 수 있고, 다공질체로서 표면적이 불규칙하고 비표면적이 크기 때문에 반응기내에 공기를 원활하게 공급할 수 있으며, 중금속 이온과 유기물에 대한 흡착 효율이 뛰어나 미생물이 쉽게 부착, 성장할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 천연광물질은 전 세계적으로 발견되어 활용된 역사가 짧지만, 그 특징은 산소결핍보충, 유해원소 흡착 성능, 반도체 작용, 인체 면역력 강화, 바이러스성 질병의 예방, 중금속 해독 등의 다양한 특징으로 환경호르몬 제고, 음이온 원적외선 발생으로 세포의 노화방지, 인체 노폐물 제거와 같은 특징을 지닌 매우 유용한 자원으로 확인되고 있으며, 수질정화 능력이 탁월한 것으로 보고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 어촌폐기물인 굴 패각과 수질정화에 탁월한 천연 광물질을 혼합하여 경제적이고, 효율성이 높은 다공성 수질개선 담체를 개발하고, 수목여과용 비점오염시설 장치에 적용하여 혼합 담체가 수처리 시설의 담체로서 사용이 가능한지, 수목여과용 비점오염시설 장치에 적용할 수 있는지 검토하고자 수행하였다. 이 연구는 2017년 중소기업청 기술개발사업에서 연구지원을 받아 연구되었습니다.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2004

This experiment was carried out to compare the quality of semi-dried persimmon according to various drying methods and ripeness degree of persimmons. Most of persimmons were dried naturally there were much opportunities of contamination by impurities, microorganism and discoloration. There were need for developing various drying methods and knowing proper mature degree of persimmons in order to enhance the quality of semi-dried persimmons. Drying time of semi-dried persimmons by hot-air, far infrared ray and dehumid drying could be shorten approximately 11∼12 days, comparing with natural drying. And the loss ratio of natural drying and artifical drying were 7.0% and 0.0%. The moisture content of natural drying and dehumid drying were simillar and the hardness were very low in comparing other drying methods. Average pannel scores in semi-dried persimmons after drying showed that dehumid drying and natural drying were excellent in total prefernce ; 3.9 and 3.4, respectively. Unriped persimmons showed lower moisture content, color values and higher hardness than riped and overriped persimmons. The total preference of riped and overriped fruit were superior than unriped fruit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2008

To find up using of more efficient white ginseng, white ginseng was dried on various temperature (70, 80, 90,100, 110, 120, 130 and $140^{\circ}C$) with far-infrared drier and analyzed the composition of ginsenoside, carbohydrate, organic acid content and color. The type of ginseng shape was sliced and dried main and fine root, separately. As heating temperature increased, total ginsenoside content increased on main root, its content was the highest at $130^{\circ}C$, while decreased on fine root. Soluble carbohydrate content was the highest at $70^{\circ}C$ both on main and fine root. Increase of Re, Rc and Rb2 content was increased more high at $130^{\circ}C$, especially. But on fine root, content of Rg1, Rg3, Rf and Rb3 was increased and Re, Rc,Rb1 and Rb2 were decreased by the increased of temperature. As heating temperature increased, lightness of both main and fine root were decreased. Redness and yellowness of both main and fine root was increased to $120^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$, respectively and decreased over this temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of grain and veneer thickness on drying rate, required energy consumption, and drying defects such as checking, end waving, and burning during a far-infrared radiation drying process of decorative veneers of hard maple and beech. Most of the veneer could be dried from green to in-use moisture content within 30 to 360 seconds. The drying rates were significantly affected by veneer thickness, but there was little difference between edge-and flat-sliced veneers. The formation of checking during drying test was none or very slight. The percentages of the veneers defected by checks were higher in the flat-sliced veneers than in the edge-sliced veneers. The maximum end wavinesses in the flat-sliced veneers were almost 1.6 to 3 times larger than that in the edge-sliced veneers. All veneers were fee from burned marks during drying test.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2016

To effectively utilize a flash and predict its effects on an infrared device, it is essential to know the infrared characteristics of the flash source. In this paper, a study of the IR characteristics of flash light sources is carried out. The IR characteristics of three flash sources, of which two are combustive and the other is explosive, are measured with an IR characteristic measurement system over the middle- and long-wavelength infrared ranges. From the measurements, the radiances over the two IR ranges and the radiative temperatures of the flashes are extracted. The IR radiance of flash A is found to be the strongest among the three, followed by those of sources C and B. It is also shown that the IR radiance of flash A is about 10 times stronger than that of flash B, even though these two sources are the same type of flash with the same powder. This means that the IR radiance intensity of a combustive flash source depends only on the amount of powder, not on the characteristics of the powder. From the measured radiance over MWIR and LWIR ranges for each flashes, the radiative temperatures of the flashes are extracted by fitting the measured data to blackbody radiance. The best-fit radiative temperatures (equivalent to black-body temperatures) of the three flash sources A, B, and C are 3300, 1120, and 1640 K respectively. From the radiance measurements and radiative temperatures of the three flash sources, it is shown that a combustive source radiates more IR energy than an explosive one; this mean, in turn, that the effects of a combustive flash on an IR device are more profound than those of an explosive flash source. The measured IR radiances and radiative temperatures of the flash sources in this study can be used to estimate the effects of flashes on various IR devices, and play a critical role for the modeling and simulation of the effects of a flash source on various IR devices.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to develop environmentally-friendly finishing materials for construction. In order to abate formaldehyde and ammonia in indoor air, liquid coating agents for indoor finishing were formulated with bamboo charcoal powder, cypress extracted water, and water-borne acrylic binder. Deodorization rate, far-infrared ray emission rate, anions emission amount, and anti-bacterial effect were investigated. Deodorization rate was increased as cypress extracted water content increased. Deodorization rates of the coating agents were 60.0~98.6% on formaldehyde and 76.7~86.2% on ammonia. No differences on far-infrared ray emission rate, anions emission amount, and anti-bacterial effect were found depending on different formulations. A 91.7% of far-infrared ray emission rate, 77 ea/cc of anions emission amount, and 99.4% of anti-bacterial effect were detected for all formulations. More effective application method of the coating agents revealed was a spray-gun. A $0.66kg/m^2$ of coating agent with a spray-gun and $0.94kg/m^2$ of coating agent with a brush was consumed each.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2018

Infrared signatures emitted from naval ships are mainly classified into internal signatures generated by the internal combustion engine of the ship and external signatures generated from the surface of the ship heated by solar heat. The internal signatures are also affected by the chemical components ($CO_2$, $H_2O$, CO and soot) of the exhaust plumes generated by the gas turbine and diesel engine, which constitute the main propulsion system. Therefore, in this study, the chemical composition ratios of the exhaust plumes generated by the gas turbines and diesel engines installed in domestic naval ships were examined to identify the chemical components and their levels. The influence of the chemical components of the exhaust plumes and their ratios on the infrared signatures of a naval ship was investigated using orthogonal arrays. The infrared signature intensity of the exhaust plumes calculated using infrared signature analysis software was converted to the signal-to-noise ratio to facilitate the analysis. The signature analysis showed that $CO_2$, soot and $H_2O$ are the major components influencing the mid-wave infrared signatures of both the gas turbine and diesel engine. In addition, it was confirmed that $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ are the major components influencing the long-wave infrared signatures.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.94-106
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of Far Infrared Radiation (FIR) about improvement of chief complaints and health state. Methods: For this study we evaluated thermographic images, heart rate variability (HRV), visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 34 patients with various diseases. Tests were done two times, before and after treatments and we compared the test results. We used the temperature difference between CV12 and CV4, both sides of PC8, LR3 for recognizing improvement of blood circulation. We analyzed the change of complexity, stability of autonomic nervous system (ANS) by HRV test. The patients were asked to fill out questionnaire about the severity of symptoms by VAS score. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS ver.12.0.1 and p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Statistical analysis shows that Far Infrared Radiation (FIR) had significant efficiency in increasing surface temperature and reducing VAS pain scores. In heart rate variability (HRV) test, LF/HF ratio showed tends to improve. Conclusions: The application of an FIR to whole body appears to alleviate various complaints of patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1999

고온온열치료는 radiofrequency, ultrasound , microwave, 원적외선 등을 이용하여 신체의 부분 혹은 전신을 4$0^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 가열하여 암을 치료하는 방법이다. 우리나라에 도 입된 15기의 기계중 현재까지 사용되고 있는 것은 대부분이 radiofrequency를 사용하는 기 계이며 현재 고신의대, 동아의대, 부산메리놀병원, 여의도 성모병원, 영남의대, 전주예수병원 등에서 환자치료에 사용하고 있다. 고온 온열치료제(hyperthermia)는 직접 암세포를 죽이는 작용, 방사선치료나 항암제치료와 병행하여 그 효과를 증강시키는 작용으로 크게 나눌수 있 다. 직접 암세포를 죽이기 위하여는 43$^{\circ}C$이상의 고온을 사용하여야 하나 인체에서는 42.5$^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 가온하기가 쉽지않아 4$0^{\circ}C$~42$^{\circ}C$ 정도의 온도에서 방사선 치료나 항암제 치료효과 를 증진시키는 작용을 임상에서 주로 사용하고 있다. 특히 방사선 치료와 병합 사용시 그 효과가 뛰어나 간암, 난소암, 대장 직장암, 식도암, 위암, 자궁암, 전립선안, 췌장암, 폐암등, 거의 모든 암에서 부작용을 증가시키지 않으면서 그 효율을 1.1-6.14배나 증가시킨다고 보 고되고 있어 지난 10여 년간 제자리걸음을 하고 있는 암의 치료에 희망을 주고 있다. 방사 선 치료와 병합시 효과를 증대시키는 기전은 1)세포의 핵 합성기 (S-phase)는 방사선 치료 에는 매우 저항력이 강하여 잘 죽지 않으나 고온온열치료에는 예민함으로 암세포는 정상조 직에 비해 산소가 부족하여 염기성대사(anaerobic metabolism)를 많이 함으로 그 부산물인 유산 (lactic acid)이 많이 생성됨으로 정상조직보다 pH가 낮아 암 조직이 정상조직에 비해 고온온열치료에 더 잘 듣는 원인이 된다. 3) 영양이 부족한 상태의 세포는 고온온열치료에 훨씬 예민하다. 4) 암조직은 혈관상태가 정상조직에 비해 좋지 않음으로 정상조직보다 쉽게 가온이 되며, 일단 가온된 온도는 잘 식지 않음으로 정상조직에 비해 훨씬 효율적이다. 5)고 온온열치료는 4$0^{\circ}C$~43.5 $^{\circ}C$정도에서만 이 작용이 일어남으로 정상인체에서 43$^{\circ}C$이상의 가온 은 쉽지 않음으로 이 효과는 암조직에서 주고 일어나게 된다. 6)고온온열치료는 방사선치료 후에 생기는 손상의 재생을 억제함으로 방사선의 치료효과를 높인다. 7)38.5$^{\circ}C$~41.5$^{\circ}C$의 낮 은 온도에서도 암조직의 산소 상태를 호전시켜 방사선 치료효과를 증대시키는 역할을 한다.