• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.827-833
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• 2019

There are several factors to consider for a ship to enter or depart a port safely. It is particularly important to identify the tides in the port to reduce the risk of stranding the ship. Most previous studies have focused on finding and analyzing harmonic constants. However, the research on the analysis and accuracy of harmonic constants in other hydrographic agencies is lacking. In this study, six Korean ports (Incheon, Gunsan, Yeosu, Busan, Ulsan, and Sokcho) were compared to the British and Korean tide tables based on actual information. To find the cause of tidal difference, the tide height, tide time, and form factor were calculated using harmonic constants. The information was then compared with British and Korean data. As a result of the difference in analysis of actual information and tide tables, there was a difference between the actual tide height and time at each port. The cause was found to be the difference in the harmonic constant, tide, and form factor between the UK and Korea. Therefore, this study, the Korean standard port should be added to the British tide table, and harmonic constants, which are the criteria for creating tides, must be constantly updated with the latest information. Additionally, the tide tables produced in each country are more accurate than the tide tables produced in UK.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present data on the human activities responding to the physical environment of ‘Ulsan’s Grand Parks by evaluating user behavior and activity, visiting motivations, and user satisfaction. This study was conducted using multi-methods such as interviews and questionnaires surveys. The main findings of this study can be summarized in six parts as follows: \circled1 Behavior patterns showed that the users visited the park left within 30 minutes and the frequency of visits was 1 or 2 times per week. They spent their time mostly on ‘walking’ and ‘picnicking’. The users visited regardless of the seasons or the day of the week. \circled2 The priorities for improvements were analyzed as follows: the users expressed their demands for ‘shadowing facilities’ like shelters and pergolas because they used these facilities frequently. Also, the users would like an ‘event program’, ‘sign system’ and ‘guide program’. \circled3 Analysis of the the user’s perception of the park showed that they perceive the park as ‘representative source of the landscape and open space in Ulsan and place for making contact with nature. \circled4 In examining the visiting motivations of the users of Ulsan Grand Park, it was revealed that people use the park for ‘time with family and friends’, ‘to escape from city life’, ‘to relieve fatigue. As a result of factor analysis, 4 factors were identified such as ‘physical motive(MF1)’, ‘exploratory motive(MF2)’, ‘social motive(MF3)’ and ‘emotional motive(MF4). \circled5 Park users’ evaluation for park facilities showed that people are satisfied with most of the facilities and especially, they have high level of satisfaction for ‘footpaths’, ‘squares’ and ‘picnicspace’. The evaluation of the park user’s of activity reveals that they are content with nearly all the variables. Especially, they have high level of satisfaction for the variables of ‘convenience for dynamic activities’, ‘making of a beautiful atmosphere, ‘accessibility from the outside’ and, ‘convenience in group activitie. Factor analysis of the park user’s of activity revealed 5 factors such as ‘convenience and interest factor (AF1)’, ‘park maintenance, management and use program(AF2)’, ‘visual beauty(AF3)’, ‘safety and accessibility(AF4)’ and ‘crowding(AF5)’. \circled6 Regression analysis was employed to get the predictor factors of overall satisfaction with a result of 60.0%($R^2$). The variance was explained as ‘quality of the picnic space’, ‘convenience and interest factor while using the park’, ‘park program for maintain and management in the park’, ‘visually beauty while using the park’, ‘safety and accessibility of the parks’, ‘quality of the pond’, ‘crowding’, ‘quality of the square’.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

The concentration of the HNS Accident for each region was confirmed to prepare against an HNS Spill accident by using a Concentration Index which is used to assess industry concentration trend. This is to present the HNS Accident Concentration Index by combining HNS Accident Scale Concentration Index and an HNS Accident Frequency Concentration Index based on the data of marine spill accidents including the HNS accident. Based on the HNS Accident Concentration Index, Ulsan was identified as a top priority region for preparedness, Yeosu, Busan and Taean were identified as priority regions for preparedness, Gunsan, Mokpo, Wando, Incheon, Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek and Pohang were identified as necessary regions for preparedness, Donghae, Boryeong, Buan, Seogwipo, Sokcho, Jeju and Changwon, in which no marine spill accidents occurred, were identified as support regions for preparedness.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.7 s.103
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• pp.829-840
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• 2005

Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD) is one of the most difficult problem in Korean information processing. We propose a WSD model with the capability to filter semantic information using the specific characteristics in dictionary dictions, and nth added information, useful to sense determination, such as statistical, distance and case information. we propose a model, which can resolve the issues resulting from the scarcity of semantic information data based on the word hierarchy system (thesaurus) developed by Ulsan University's UOU Word Intelligent Network, a dictionary-based toxicological database. Among the WSD models elaborated by this study, the one using statistical information, distance and case information along with the thesaurus (hereinafter referred to as 'SDJ-X model') performed the best. In an experiment conducted on the sense-tagged corpus consisting of 1,500,000 eojeols, provided by the Sejong project, the SDJ-X model recorded improvements over the maximum frequency word sense determination (maximum frequency determination, MFC, accuracy baseline) of $18.87\%$ ($21.73\%$ for nouns and inter-eojeot distance weights by $10.49\%$ ($8.84\%$ for nouns, $11.51\%$ for verbs). Finally, the accuracy level of the SDJ-X model was higher than that recorded by the model using only statistical information, distance and case information, without the thesaurus by a margin of $6.12\%$ ($5.29\%$ for nouns, $6.64\%$ for verbs).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1259-1264
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the perception and satisfaction of nutrition education by elementary school students. Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 327 students at three elementary schools in the Ulsan area in July 2010. Fifty-two percent of the respondents were satisfied with the teaching tools/audio-visual materials for nutrition education. Compared with other lectures, 46.5% of the students responded that nutrition education was more interesting. Average scores for necessity of nutrition education was 4.02/5.00, and willingness to participate in re-education lecture was 3.80/5.00. Seventy-seven percent of students answered that they would encourage friends to participate in nutrition education. Average scores for necessity of nutrition education and willingness to participate in re-education lecture were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the student group that was satisfied with the teaching tools/audio-visual materials and lectures. Students who were satisfied with the tools/audio-visual materials and those interested in nutrition education had significantly (p<0.01) higher average scores for improved dietary habits from nutrition education contents compared to other students.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.521-535
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• 2008

This paper aims to explore the spatial distribution and locational characteristics of the shipbuilding industry in the south-east region of Korea. The geography of the Korea's shipbuilding industry illustrates an absolute spatial concentration into the south-east region, including Gyeongnam, Busan and Ulsan. In view of the type of agglomeration, it is argued that the south-east region's shipbuilding industry has been evolved as an Advanced Hub & Spoke cluster, which is characterized by interconnected relationships between a couple of gigantic customer firms and the majority of small and medium-sized supplier firms. A survey on the locational factors of the firms presents that traditional locational factors, such as physical infrastructure, land, labour and industrial linkages, are more important than new economic geographical locational factors, such as knowledge, learning, innovation and networks. According to firm's evaluation of the Gyeongnam region's locational environments for the shipbuilding industry is, however, rather different to the result of firm's location decision factors. The shipbuilding firms in Gyeongnam see that the Gyeongnam region retains regional advantages in terms of agglomeration economies, geographical proximity to customers, the infrastructure of transportation and communication and the quality of life. On the contrary, firms recognize that the Gyeongnam region suffers from the lack of R&D and production workforce and a weak basis of industry-university -government networks.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2008

Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, ${\beta}$-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, ${\beta}$-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, ${\beta}$-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.305-311
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• 2013

This study analyzed the oral status after recording the images by using QLF-D with targets of 38 youth people with hearing impairment and hearing language impairment. In order to investigate the state of oral hygiene, plaque index (O'Leary index) and contents of investigation of the state of the teeth included the number of sound teeth, the number of caries teeth, dental caries experience and the number of filling teeth. The following results were obtained. First, women lacked the management on plaque and had more caries teeth compared with men. In terms of impairment classification, subjects with both hearing and language impairment lacked the management on plaque and had more caries teeth. Second, subjects who did not get an oral exam for one year had more caries teeth. Oral hygiene score was the highest with the brushing time for 3-4 minutes. The number of sound teeth was increased as the brushing time was increased. In addition, the oral hygiene management time was the highest when cleaning the teeth, gums and tongue at the same time. Third, it was shown that the satisfaction of oral health education by using the new equipment was high. As a result of this study, in order to improve the oral health level of impaired students, they shall be trained to manage their teeth by themselves and educated to increase their motivation and practice. Thus, it is thought that various approaches which are differentiated from existing methods are required to be tried.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1992

Ulsan granite is plotted mainly in the region of syeno-granite of the Streckeisen diagram, which consists with those of iron related granites in the area of Kimhae-Mulgum, while Chindong granites and Yucheon-Eonyang granites are plotted in the regions of granodiorite-diorite and monzo-granite, respectively. These granites show a differentiation trend of calc-alkaline magma, and their magmatic evolution from intermediate to acidic rocks is consistant with the general crystallization path of the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Gyeongsang basin. The difference index (D.I.) is 70~90 for Ulsan granite, which lies between 35~80 of Chindong granites and 85~95 of Yucheon-Eonyang granites. These granites are distinguishable from each other by variation patterns of chemical elements. For instance, there is clear difference in content of some major and trace elements between Ulsan granite and Cu-related Chindong granites: Ulsan granite has high content of K (2.68%) and Ba (636 ppm), and low content of Ca (1.07%), Mg (0.50%) and Sr (185 ppm), whereas Chindong granites has less content of K (1.62%) and Ba (382 ppm), and higher content of Ca (3.75%), Mg (1.42%) and Sr (405 ppm). However, the content of Ulsan granite overlaps partly those of Yucheon-Eonyang granites, which are apparently dividable from Chindong granites. There is an usual trend that Cu content is high in Chindong granites of Cu province and Zn content is higher in Yucheon-Eonyang granites of Pb-Zn province. But it is unusual that Cu and Zn are higher in Ulsan granite (34 ppm, 74 ppm) than in Chindong granites (15 ppm, 22 ppm) and Yucheon-Eonyang granites (14 ppm, 43 ppm). This may be due to the reason that Ulsan granite is productive and Cu-Zn minerals are associated with iron ores. Productive Chindong granites in Haman-Gunbug area and Yuchon-Eonyang granites near ore deposits have higher content of Cu and Zn than Ulsang granite. Therefore, it is expected that chemical variation patterns of granites are applicable to distinguish mineral commodity of ore deposits (iron, copper, or lead-zinc) related with the granites in the Gyeongsasng basin.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water fluoridation program(WFP) on dental caries prevention in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: The data of control group were extracted from 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey(KNOHS). Since 1998, WFP was implemented in Ulsan. The subjects were 670 subjects including 10 to 12-years old children in 2009. The control subjects were 4,871 people in non-fluoridated metropolitan cities comparable to Ulsan. The control subjects were selected from 2012 KNOHS. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by the variables including oral health behaviors on daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Oral health examination was carried out by two dentists who received a training in KNOHS with an inter-examiner-agreement. Caries preventive fraction was calculated by the difference of DMFT and DMFS index. The preventive effects of the WFP program were focused on gender, number of fissure sealed teeth, daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Data were analyzed using SPSS $19.0^{(R)}$(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical package. Results: DMFT indices of 12-year-old subjects(n=670) in WFP and control population(n=4,871) were 2.11 and 1.23, respectively with an estimated prevention effect of 41.7%. Conclusions: WFP in Ulsan reduced the prevalence of dental caries. WFP should be recommended for the public oral health program in other metropolitan cities.