• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior using Transtheoretical Model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study method was a survey in 100 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from March 19, 2000 to October 30, 2000. Result: The results were as follows: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior ; 15.0% in pre-contemplation stage, 33.0% in contemplation stage, 17.0% in preparation stage, 16.0% in action stage and 19.0% in maintenance stage. The subjects in pre-contemplation stage used all processes of change in the least. "Dramatic relief(DR)", "Environmental reevaluation(ER)" and "Self reevaluation(SR)" were identified as main processes of change in contemplation stage. "Consciousness raising(CR)", "DR" were used higher than average in preparation stage. Helping relationships(HR)", "CR", "ER", "SR", "Social liberation(SL)", "Counter conditioning (CC)", "Reinforcement management(RM)", "Self iberation(SEL)" and "Stimulus control(SC)" were used higher than average in action stage. The subjects in maintenance stage used all process of change the highest except "DR"and "HR". "Cons" score of decisional balance was the highest in pre-contemplation stage, "Pros" score was the highest in action stage and "Self-efficacy" score was the highest in maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy according to the stages of change of exercise on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model in order to investigate factors associated with the change of exercise in adult diabetic patients. Method: Data were collected from January to April 2005. The subjects were 160 patients in the G university hospital and public health center in J city. Results: The entire process of change showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=20.007, p=.000). For each process of change, the Consciousness Raising(F=14.602, p=.000), Dramatic Relief(F=7.751, p=.000), Environmental Re-evaluation(F=11.843, p=.000), Self Re-evaluation(F=16.035, p=.000), Social Liberation(F=10.968, p=.000), Counter-conditioning (F=24.090, p=.000), Helping Relationships(F= 7.625, p=.000), Reinforcement Management(F= 16.693, p=.000), Self Liberation(F=11.990, p= .000) and Stimulus Control(F=4.020, p=.002) demonstrated significant differences depending on the stages of change of exercise. For the decisional balance, the Pros showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=14.121, p=.000). For the self efficacy showed significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=17.137, p=.000). Conclusion: In order to proceed the stage of change of exercise in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, intensive use of a specific process of change, a stage of change matching is needed.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the stage distribution of subjects according to stages of change for exercise and to identify factors that could discriminate subjects in various stages. Methods: The sample consisted of 182 subjects who had metabolic syndrome. The instruments used in this study were the stage placement instrument for exercise, the metabolic syndrome knowledge and metabolic syndrome health belief scale, and the metabolic syndrome exercise self efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis by using the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: For exercise stages, exercise efficacy, occupation, and exercise benefit showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. Subjects in precontemplation/contemplation stage for exercise were more likely to have occupations, had less exercise efficacy and exercise benefit than those in other stage. Conclusion: This study implies that the level of exercise efficacy and exercise benefit of subjects in precontemplation/contemplation stage need to be enhanced in developing exercise program incorporating the stage of change for metabolic syndrome patients.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to stage of exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical model in patients with chronic arthritis. Method: The participants were 151 patients with chronic arthritis using an out-patient pain clinic and hospital in C city. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Sheffe test and discriminant analysis with SPSS/WIN. Results: The patients were distributed as follows for each stage of exercise behavior 21.8% in the precontemplation stage, 26.5% in the contemplation stage, 25.2% in the preparation stage, 7.3% in the action stage, and 19.2% in the maintenance stage. Significant effects for stage of change were found for nine of the 10 processes of change and Pros, Cons, self-efficacy. Scores on these variables were found to increase across the stage of exercise behaviors from precontemplation to maintenance. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy and stimulus control, and reinforcement management were the major correlates of the stage of exercise behaviors. Conclusion: The findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention, by using strategies of exercise for chronic arthritis patients in different stages of exercise behavior.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors associated with stages of exercise behavior change of residents in a community on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model. Methods: Data were collected from 520 residents of a community using a self-report questionnaire. The survey variables comprised the stages of exercise behavior change, the process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy. Results: There were significant differences in the process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy by the stages of exercise behavior change. The factors associated with transition from pre-contemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising and self efficacy; regarding those from contemplation to preparation, cons of the decisional balance and social liberation; regarding those from preparation to action, dramatic relief and counter conditioning; regarding that from action to maintenance, cons of the decisional balance. Conclusion: TTM would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some residents in a community, which suggested that the programs for improving exercise behavior of residents in a community need to be developed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.366-379
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly A predictivel model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults over 60 years old in a community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May,1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was X2=132.85. (df=22, p=.000). GFI=.88, NNFI=.35, NFI=.77, AGFI=.59 which was not favorable but the fit of modified model to the data was X2=46.90. (df=27, p=.01).GFI= .95, NNFI=.91, NFI=.92, AGFI=.87) which was more than moderate. The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were helping relationship, self cognitive determination, conversion of negative condition in process of change and efficacy for exercise. These variables explained 68% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was performed to identify exercise self-efficacy, depression, and stress by the stage of change in exercise behavior in middle aged women. Method: The subjects consisted of 317 women residing in B city by convenience sampling. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program. Result: The subjects were distributed in each stage of exercise behavior change: There were 53 subjects in the pre-contemplation stage, 86 subjects in the contemplation stage, 88 subjects in the preparation stage, 51 subjects in the action stage and 39 subjects in the maintenance stage. Analysis of variance showed that exercise self-efficacy (F=39.9, p<.001), depression (F=5.58, p<.001), and stress (F=6.33, p<.001) were significantly associated with the stages of exercise behavior change. There was a significant negative correlation between the stage of change and depression, and the stage of change and stress, but a significant positive correlation between the stage of change and self- efficacy, depression and stress. Conclusion: This study identified that exercise self-efficacy, depression and stress were significant variables to explain a possible relationship with exercise stages of middle aged women. This study provides new information to influence the development of better health promotion and exercise intervention for middle aged women in the community.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the stages of exercise behaviors changes of low back pain patients. Methods: The participants in this study were 220 low back pain patients who have been treated by therapeutic exercise or had the exercise treatment under the doctor's advice. The tools used for this study were the stages of exercise behavior change, intrinsic motivation questionnaires, and physical activity social support scale (PASS). Results: The group that did exercise (preparation stage, maintenance stage, action stage) was 75.9% but the group that did not exercise (precontemplation stage, contemplation stage) was 24.1%. Social supports from family members and friends and motivation affected the exercise behaviors changes. And 34.6% of the exercise behavior change can be explained by the social support (family, friend) and motivation. Conclusion: There were two recommendations for maintaining the exercise behaviors of low back pain patients based on theoretical background. First, we recommended more exercise programs which reinforce social supports from family and friend for constant exercise behaviors of low back pain patients. Second, more exercise programs for the low back pain patients who have similar health goals or problems were needed for motivating them to join the exercise programs.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.64, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=3.75, p=.007) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.188-207
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• 2014

홈스봄의 '만들어진 전통'은 최근에 등장한 역사인식의 한 방법론이다. 그에 따르면 만들어진 전통의 특수성은 과거와의 연속성을 인위적으로 내세우려 하는 것이며, 그 과정에서 전통들을 구성하는 데 낡은 재료들을 이용한다. 또한 그는 만들어진 전통은 사회화나 신념, 가치체계, 행위규범을 주입하는 데에 그 목표가 있다고 보았다. 본 논문은 그러한 인식틀을 가지고 19세기의 문화재 보존에 대하여 고찰하였다. 그리고 단순히 이를 적용하는 데에 그치지 않고 한 단계 더 발전적으로 나아가 그러한 현상들의 사상적 배경은 무엇이며, 그러한 현상을 만들어내는 데 있어서 과거에 대한 인식이 어떻게 작용했는지를 사례를 통해 분석하였다. 19세기 중반에 카톨릭의 교리와 의례를 새로운 신념과 가치체계로 주입하여 영국 국교의 종교적인 부활을 이루고자 했던 옥스퍼드 운동과 이를 실천하기 위한 행위규범으로 고딕양식을 종교적 공간에 재현하고자 한 캠브리지캄덴협회의 활동은 홈스봄이 제시한 전통을 만드는 행위에 있어서 핵심적인 요소이다. 그리고 그것이 종교건축의 보존에 있어서 그대로 적용되고 실천되었다는 점에서 전통과 보존은 같은 축 선상에 존재한다. 당시에 과거는 종교적 목적을 실천하기에 적합한 특정시대와 특정한 건축양식으로만 이해하는 단층적인 재료였으며, 과거를 인식하는 틀 역시 종교적인 목적이나 사회적, 정치적인 이념에 크게 영향을 받았다. 19세기 후반의 반복원 운동은 전대의 무분별한 양식적 복원을 막고자 했던 행위이다. 그리고 그 사상적 배경에는 변화된 과거 인식의 틀이 존재한다. 복원이라는 행위에 대한 개념정의가 보다 구체적으로 논의되기 시작하면서, 행위의 속성을 인식하는 관점에서 전대의 과거에 대한 인식이 수정되었다. 전통은, 혹은 과거는 현재에 되살려야 하는 대상이 아니고 현재에도 살아있는 생명체이며, 복원은 그러한 생명력을 오히려 빼앗는 행위라는 관점으로 과거에 대한 인식이 변화된 것이다. 즉, 있는 그대로의 과거, 다양한 가치가 존재하는 과거로 인식하게 되었으며, 그러한 태도가 문화재 보수에 적용되기 시작하는 시대이다. 이러한 고찰을 토대로 향후, 국내에서도 보다 다면적인 관점과 충분한 자료를 축적하여 우리의 문화재 보존사를 이해하고 분석하는 것이 필요할 것이다.