• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.329-337
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• 2015

Fluorine is an element that promotes dental caries preventive effect at proper concentration level, but may have significantly undesirable impact on dental caries if correct information of fluorine is not recognized. Therefore, this study is intended to evaluate fluorine awareness among the adults in their 20s and analyze oral health conditions based on such awareness in order to promote dental caries preventive effect and convey correct knowledge of fluorine. For this study, 82 adult men and 102 adult women in their 20s, all of whom lived in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were surveyed from May 1, 2014 to June 30 of the same year, along with oral health examination to evaluate their oral health conditions. The results of the analysis showed that 19.46% of respondents answered "No" to the question related to awareness towards the use of fluorine in DT rate dental clinic based on the degree of fluorine awareness, which was higher than 11.10% who answered "Yes"(p<.05). Moreover, 18.32%of respondents answered "No" to the question related to whether they were checking the label indicating the fluorine content in product, which was the highest rate, suggesting that the rate was higher when there was stronger tendency to avoid reading the precaution notice (p<.05). In addition, 71.98% of respondents answered "Yes" to the question associated with the awareness to the use of fluorine in FT rate dental clinic based on the fluorine awareness, which was higher than 49.04% of respondents who answered "No" (p<.05). This study is meaningful in that it provides basic data for the implementation of fluorine prevention projects in the period ahead by determining the effect of fluorine awareness on oral health conditions. Based on aforesaid results, both educational and promotional activities need to be carried out vigorously to help raise fluorine awareness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.323-330
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic validity of early proximal caries lesions using laser fluorescence and whether the detection could be enhanced using a fluorescent dye. Direct visual examination and bitewing radiograph were used for comparison. The subjects of this study were 30 children of $3{\sim}9$ years old. Laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence(mixed wavelength of 488 and 514 nm) were used and viewed through glasses(excluding wavelength<520 nm). For dye-enhanced laser fluorescence a 0.075% sodium fluorescein dye was applied before examination. Proximal caries lesion of each subject was assessed using visual examination, bitewing radiograph, laser fluorescence, and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence. The results in the three detection methods were compared to the assessment of bitewing radiograph. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was highly correlation(r=0.725-0.911) between the bitewing radiograph and all three detection methods(p<0.05) 2. The reproducibility(kappa value) of the visual examination, laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence comparing with bitewing radiograph of proximal caries was 0.451, 0.683, 0.772, respectively. There was highest correlation between dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and bitewing radiograph for detection of proximal caries. The results from this study indicated that the dye-enhanced laser fluorescence considered to be accurate and reliable method in detecting proximal caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resin composite monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, EGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, Camphorquinone) on the growth of the two cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. We obtained the following results : 1. The growth rate of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was decreased significantly in the group of all composite resin monomer at a concentration of 0.03mmo1/L(P<0.01). 2. The growth rate of S. mutars in the group of UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005 mmol/L, 0.01 mmol/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01). 3. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of HEMA, UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005mmol/L. 0.01mmo1/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.01). 4. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of EGDMA at a concentration of 0.001, 0.01, 0.03mmo1/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01) and were showed to be statistically significant difference between experimental groups(P<0.01).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

Recently, the number of multi-cultural families have been on the rise for years in Korea. Although social concerns are on the increase, there is still no basic data of their oral health state. In this study, we examined the caries prevalence of mother-child pairs from some korean families and multi-cultural families, and collected some saliva from them. We evaluated Streptococcus mutans level and investigated the serotype distribution of Streptococcus mutans of them to confirm the transmission in mother-child pairs. As a results, to the Korean families, the percentages of serotype c, e, f, k were 95%, 10%, 10%, and 10%. And to the multi-cultural families, the percentages of serotype c, e, f, k were 68.8%, 31.25%, 43,75%, 18.8%. But, there is no significant relationship between the number of serotype per person, caries prevalence, and Streptococcus mutans level(p>0.05). In conclusion, there are differences of serotype distribution of Streptococcus mutans between the two families. Nevertheless, matching rate of more than one serotype between mother and their child was high (92.86%). So, vertical transmission of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs could be demonstrated.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of dentifrice containing Horseradish (Armoracia rustica) root extracts on improvement of oral hygiene. The clinical evaluation was done participated by 80 adults volunteers who provided a informed consent for their participation. The participants were divided into two groups ; control group (using toothpaste without Horseradish extracts) and experimental group (using toothpaste containing Horseradish extracts). The checklist of the experiment includes the plaque index, gingival index and anti-caries activity. The anti-caries activity was measured by cultivating Streptococcus mutans for 48 hours then estimating the number of increased bacteria using Dentocult SM. The double-blind method was used in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The plaque formation decreased 28% in control group, 58% in experimental group using dentifrice with Horseradish extracts compared to baseline data. 2. For gingival index, control group and experimental group showed 26% and 40% decrease compared to baseline data, respectively. 3. The score of caries activity test decreased by 4% for control group and 69% for experimental group compared to baseline data. According to the results, a dentifrice containing Horseradish extracts can improve oral hygiene.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

This study was carried out to assess anticariogenic activity from natural products. The hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants were tested for the antimicrobial activities against a cariogenic bacterium, S. sobrinus B13. The hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants such as Alisma orientale, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica, Kalopanax pictus, Angelica gigas, Salvia miltorrhiza, Lonicera japonica, Gardenia jasmoides, Aurantii nobilis percarpium and Bupleurum lorgiradiatum were used for this study, and S. sobrinus B13 was cultured with 0.5% extracts of the medicinal plants, in trypticase soy broth medium under 5% $CO_2$ for 0, 6, 12, 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. The obtained results were as follows. Immediately after culturing for inoculation, Kalopanax pictus and Cyperus rotundus showed better antimicrobial activities than those of others. After culturing for 6 hours, the order of effective antimicrobial activity was Salvia miltorrhiza, Angelica gigas. After incubation for 12 hours, Salvia miltorrhiza showed the best antimicrobial activity. After incubation for 24 hours Salvia miltorrhiza, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica had better antimicrobial activity than others. In conclusion, among Hexane extracts of 11 medicinal plants, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Atractylodes japonica showed effective antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.461-470
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• 2013

In order to examine the anticariogenic effect after fluoride varnish was applied to sound enamel and artificial caries enamel, anterior teeth of healthy cattle were used and divided into four groups such as group 1 (sound enamel), group 2 (application of fluoride varnish to sound enamel), group 3 (artificial caries enamel) and group 4 (application of fluoride varnish to artificial caries enamel). Remineralization on the surface of enamel and changes of crystalline structure after demineralization were observed by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Quantitative analysis of Ca and P was measured by using the energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (EDS). The following conclusions were obtained: 1)Surface pattern of enamel was the roughest in group 3 due to the defects caused by porosity and microcracks. Group 4, group 1 and group 2 were followed in order; 2) It was found that pattern of crystalline structures in a group of application of fluoride varnish and a group of no application showed bigger change in artificial caries enamel than that in sound enamel. In other words, groups 4 and 1 showed a similar pattern; 3) The contents of Ca and P were higher in groups of application of fluoride varnish (group 2 and group 4) than in groups of no application of fluoride varnish (group 1 and group 3). Taken results of this study together, in the case of application of fluoride varnish, crystalline structure was changed by remineralization even in the sound enamel. In particular, porous structures showed a smooth and uniform pattern due to the recalcification in the artificial caries enamel. In addition, according to results of EDS analysis, the contents of Ca and P were increased and it had great anticariogenic effects which inhibit decalcification of sound enamel and artificial caries enamel.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health states of elderly people over the age of 65 from the city of Seongnam, including the number of present permanent tooth, dental caries, rate of treatment need, CPITN and use of prosthesis, in a bid to lay the foundation for improving elderly oral health programs. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The DMF rate of the male senior citizens stood at 98.3 percent, and that of the women numbered 99.0 percent and DMFT index 20.8. 2. The number of present permanent tooth excluded the third molars was 13. 3. Regarding CPITN, $CPITN_1$ was 74.9 percent, and $CPITN_2$ was 56.2 percent. $CPITN_3$ was 8.0 percent. 4. The rate of full denture wearing of the elderly people was 26.1 percent in the upper part and 17.8 percent in the lower part. And their rate of full denture need was 7.4 percent in the upper part and 4.3 percent in the lower part. 5. Establishing an planned abject for Oral health, Seongnam City has reviewed the necessity of development on enhancement of Oral health.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.728-737
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• 2003

To evaluate microbial data and salivary measurements from clinically compatible, culture-based screening procedures employed with children younger than 36 months old. Plaque and stimulated saliva specimens were collected from 87 children. The pH of each saliva sample was measured before and after 0.94% lactic acid was added. Specimens were diluted and plated on selective media and non-selective media. Data collected were counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). In addition, total viable counts (TVC) of specimens, salivary pH and buffering capacity were also assessed. Each variable was compared to caries status of subjects. According to this study, the results were as followed: 1. Highly significant correlation with caries rates were found for counts of MS and LB. 2. The specific counts/ml saliva or plaque above which caries is predicted, or below which caries is not predicted were as follows: 1) Saliva MS; $10^5$ 2) Plaque MS; $2{\times}10^5$ 3) Saliva LB; $10^3$ 4) Plaque LB; $10^3$. 3. Salivary pH and buffering capacity versus caries status were not significant. 4. Microbial screening methods based on mutans streptococci had higher predictive values and odds ratios than methods for lactobacilli. 5. MS counts were clearly the best indicators of caries status in young children. This measurement can easily be obtained in a dental clinical setting both by conventional culture techniques, or commercial kits for MS recovery.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2014

An in vitro study on cariogenic potential of four over-the-counter nutritional supplements for children was performed. The experimental groups were four over-the-counter nutritional supplements. The positive control group was 10% sucrose solution (S), and the negative control group was artificial saliva (T). The pH of each group, the buffering capacities, acid production, the microhardness changes of the bovine teeth specimens were measured. The pH of all experimental groups were lower than critical pH 5.5 where enamel demineralization starts. The buffering capacity of the Hama Vitamin Pharm (Hamsoa Pharm Co., Korea) was highest, and the Smart Chewable Vitamin A (JW Pharm Co., Korea) had the lowest buffering capacity. The reduction rates of the pH of the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the negative control group (p < 0.05). The microhardness of enamel of all experimental groups and the positive control group significantly decreased. In contrast, the microhardness of enamel of the negative control group significantly increased after experiment (p < 0.05). The reduction rate of the microhardness of enamel of the Hama Vitamin Pharm (Hamsoa Pharm Co., Korea) was significantly higher and Hikid Plus (Sanga Pharm Co., Korea) was significantly lower than the other experimental groups.