• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1997

To investigate the effects of cow manure compost(CMC) on soil and water environment as non-point source, the elution patterns of anions were determined in muti-layered soil columns which were consisted of one top and one bottom in combination. The top soil columns were uniformly packed with Ap horizon soils amended with air-dried CMC at different ratios(0, 2, 4, 6%, wt/wt), the bottom ones were packed with of B horizon soils of 15, 30, and 45cm in length. After saturating the each soil column, the leachate were collected from the bottom of the column while the double-ionized water was applied from the surface of the column by constant head method. From the hydraulic conductivity and anion eluted were measured in the leachate. Each saturated hydraulic conductivities for top and the bottom soils were 3$\times$$10^{-4}$sec and 1.6$\times$$10^{-3}$cm/sec. Most of water soluble chloride and sulfate, having non-specific adsorption characteristics onto the soil particles, were eluted within 1 PV, showing that there was no apparent retardation of anion movement with increasing CMC contents in the top soils. The effect of soil depths on anion movement were similar to the results of CMC contents. Sulfate of having both of non-specific and specific adsorption characteristics was also recovered in the effluent within 1 PV, while the elution curves were slightly skewed to the right showing that the CMC affected the movement of sulfate. Phosphate of specific adsorption characteristics was hardly eluted within 5 PV.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 $10K_2O$-30CaO-$60P_2O_5$ mol%를 기본조성으로 하여 Fe, Cu, Zn의 미량성분을 첨가하여 유리를 제조하고 용출 특성을 평가 하였다. 제조된 유리는 미량성분의 첨가량에 따라 유리의 투명도가 변하는 것이 관찰되었다. 용출특성은 측정 4시간 뒤 pH값 증가되는 것으로 16시간 후 pH가 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 여기서 pH의 증가는 염기성산화물이 용출되는 것으로, 감소는 $P_2O_5$구조인 망목형성구조가 붕괴되어지면서 산성이온이 용출되어지는 것으로 판단되어진다. ICP관찰시에는 함량이 증가하면서 K, Ca, P이온의 용출량이 감소되었고, Zn, Cu, Fe이온의 용출량이 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.566-573
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• 2005

본 연구는 작은 생선은 뼈째로 먹을 수 있지만 큰 생선은 생선뼈를 거의 이용하지 못하여 생선의 맥에 포함되어 있는 무기질을 유효하게 이용할 목적으로 유기산을 첨가해서 생선뼈 스프를 만들었을 때, 유기산의 종류와 가열시간이 뼈로부터 용출되는 칼슘, 인 함량의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 생선뼈에 함유되어 있는 수분과 무기질 함량은 생선뼈의 종류에 따라 달랐고, 큰 생선의 맥일수록 수분 함량은 감소하는 경향이었다. 유기산을 첨가하여 12시간 가열했을 때 스프에 용출된 칼슘은 잿방어뼈에 구연산, 사과산을 첨가하였을 때가 $61.34\%$와 $60.50\%$로 가장 많았고, 인의 용출도 칼슘과 같은 경향이었다. 칼슘과 인의 용출량은 참치뼈에 $4\%$의 사과산을 첨가하여 12시간 가열했을 때에 573mg, 78mg으로 가장 높았다. 참치뼈 스프의 칼슘과 인의 비율은 대조군에서는 칼슘보다 인의 용출$(0.21\~0.35)$이 많았으나, 유기산을 첨가하였을 때는 칼슘의 용출$(0.98\~10.86)$이 많았다. 단백질과 총 유리아미노산의 용출은 대조군보다 유기산을 첨가하였을 때가 증가하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1003-1012
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• 2007

In this study, we analyzed the release differences for some critical pollution compounds according to the surrounding conditions in order to predict water quality due to the sedimental releases and the release characteristics at different sedimental locations in Lake Leewon, in Tae-An area. COD, nitrogens and phosphates were analyzed using the standard methods for water quality, based on high chloride ion concentration(greater than 2,000 ppm). For COD, the release rate increased in the anoxic basin but almost the same in the oxic basin. For $NH_3$-N, the release rate decreased in the oxic basin as you go A through C point meanwhile, for $NO_3$-N and T-N, the tendency was reversed because of nitrification of them. In the anoxic basin, the release rates of $NH_3$-N and $NO_3$-N went up with A through C path. However, the release rate of T-N was found to decrease. Also, for $PO_4$-P and T-P, the release rates in the oxic basin were lowest at B point mainly because the phosphates were at less released in the highly $O_2$ concentrated environment. In the anoxic reactor, $PO_4$-P was released similarly regardless of the sampling points. In summary, the release rates in the oxic reactor were greater than those in the anoxic reactor for COD and $NO_3$-N. For the other components, the anoxic basin generated the higher release rates.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 밤차로부터 용출한 차액의 단당류, 아미노산 및 카페인을 시판중인 현미녹차와 결명자차의 차액과 비교분석함을써 밤차의 기능성 건강음료로 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 규명하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 현미녹차의 차액에는glucose와 galactose약 20:1 정도의 비율로 검출되었으며 용출시간이나 용출온도에 따른 당류의 변화는 적다. 2. 밤차의 차액에는 glucose, galactose, mannose등이 약 100:1:10의 비율로 존재하여 용출시간이나 용출온도에 의한 변화는 적다. 특히 mannoxe는 천연에서 유리상태로존재하기 어려운 희귀한 유리당이다. 3. 결명자차 차액에서는 당류를 확인할 수 없을 정도로 낮은 농도를 나타냈으며 결명자차의 amino산 함량은 현미녹착나 밤속껍질차의 아미노산 함량에 의해 1.6~1/7에 지나지 않았다.4. 현미녹차의 차액 중 아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, methionine, alanine 등의 순서로 검출되었으며, 용출온도와 용출시간에 비례하여 농도가 증가하였고, 아미노산의 용출은 대부분 첫회에 이루어지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 밤차의 차액 중에 아미노산은 alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, proline, valine 등의 순으로 많이 함유되어 있고, alanine, asparagine, proline등은 현미녹차에 비하여 함유량이 많으며 glutamic acid, serine, methionine, glutamine 등은 상대적으로 소량 함유되어 있었다. 용출온도와 용출시간에 비례하여 농도가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 아미노산의 요출은 대부분 첫회에 이루어지고 있다는 것을 알수 있었다. 6. 현미녹차는 카페인을 126~162 mg/L 정도로 다량 함유하고 있으나 밤차나 결명자차는 함유하지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.213-215
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• 2006

반응용액의 pH와 반응시간에 따른 용출실험 결과를 PHREEQC를 이용하여 용출된 중금속이 어떠한 화학적 형태가 우세한지 알아보고자 하였다. 용출용액에 용해된 Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn 및 Fe의 주요 존재형태는 free ion 및 sulfate complexes($metal-SO_4$)인 것으로 계산되었다. pH 5와 pH 3의 조건에서 각 원소의 화학적 존재형태는 서로 유사하고, 반응시간이 증가할수록 free ion 상태로 존재하는 비율은 감소하고 sulfate complexes로 존재하는 비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. pH 1에서 용출된 용액에 존재하는 각 원소의 화학적 존재형태는 sulfate의 농도가 크게 증가됨에도 불구하고 free ion 상태로 존재하는 금속이온의 함량의 증가비율보다 sulfate complexes로 존재하는 함량의 증가비율이 더 큰 것으로 예측되었다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2003

The aim of research is the evaluation of the $Cr^{6+}$ emission features of the liquid injection through emission experiments in varying conditions, based on a field-mixing ratio. The results showed that the content of $Cr^{6+}$ content in cement measured had an Ordinary Potland Cement (OPC) of 25.3 mg/kg, which constitute the largest portion among the other materials. Likewise, the emission experiment of homo-gel and sand-gel generally satisfied the standard of KSLT (Korea Standard Leaching Test) in waste of 1.5 mg/L, but in case of the standard of KSLT in soil the emission of OPC $Cr^{6+}$ of 4.85 mg/kg. These conditions is a little exceeded the criteria in the ‘Ga’ area in terms of Korea Soil Environmental Preservation Law. In addition, results generated by the mock-up injection facilities revealed that $Cr^{6+}$ emission increased as Water/Cement and injection pressure increased. At injection pressure higher than 4 kg/㎤, $Cr^{6+}$ emission exceeded the water preservation standard of 0.5 mg/L. Similarly, a pattern experiment of C $r^{6+}$ emission according to pH was conducted, in order to evaluate the $Cr^{6+}$ emission features of grout materials in leachate below pH 5 such as pH 4 acid rain or landfill. Results show that $Cr^{6+}$ emission dramatically increased in high acidic or basic state. It indicates that $Cr^{6+}$ emission will probably increase in an environment where grout materials are injected. On the other hand, concentration of leachate was determined in areas where grout materials are used. The results show that the concentration of emission in an ultra purity condition does not manifest intensity, and is affected in the OPC>MC>SC order. It means that the pollutants or $Cr^{6+}$ emission increases with decreasing concentration. As such, $Cr^{6+}$ emission will probably exceed the countermeasure criteria according to the types of gout materials. Similarly, high pressure or injection will cause increased $Cr^{6+}$ emission. Therefore, the selection of materials or mixing ratio should be considered in general as well as according to specific industries, based on the strength and pH of $Cr^{6+}$ emission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.329-329
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• 1994

OMZ과 HP-$\beta$-CD 포접화합물의 유형은 $A_{L}$ type의 가용성 복합체이며, CD, UV, IR, DSC, XRD pattern 및 $^1$H-NMR 방법으로 측정한 포접화합물의 결함형태는 OMZ의 benzimidazole부분이 HP-$\beta$-CD 공동에 포접된 형태이었고, OMZ과 HP-$\beta$-CD의 결합조성몰비는 1:1, 안정도 상수는 약 34 M$^{-1}$이었다. 또한 cholestyramine 수지와 OMZ 복합체는 방출양상이 신속하였다. OMZ-cholestyramine 수지염은 안정성이 양호하고 용출율이 우수한복합체로 경구용 재제를 개발할 수 있었으며, 용출시험 및 산 저항성이 양호하고 pellet의 제조에 있어서 core의 제조는 정제수 : 에탄올(7: 3) 결합액을 이용하여 lactose를 주로 사용하고 기타 PEG 6000, sorbitol, Avicel PH101, sodium lauryl sulfate 및 무수 PVP K-30을 적절히 배합하여 제조하고, 장용코팅의 내산성은 90.5% 이었으며, 소장에서의 용출경향이 85%이상이 10분 이내에 용출되어 규정에 적합하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 1985

The effect of extracting conditions on the content of inorganic compounds of red ginseng extract was studied with respect to the change in ethanolic concentration ranges of $0{\sim}90%$ and temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ during $1{\sim}5$ times of extraction. Each extraction time was taken 8 hours at given temperature. Little effect of temperature on inorganic compounds was observed, while higher ethanol concentrations, particularly higher than 70%, were resulted a significant decreased in their contents. The yield of inorganic compounds in water was shown 80% over after 3rd extraction, while content of crude ash was observed similar tendency and their contents were significant increased in water than in 70% ethanolic concentration. In the process of extraction with water, 1.55% of the potassium content was the highest value, and the smallest was 11ppm of the copper. But in the extraction ratio to raw mateirls, the highest ratio was 91.4% of the calcium, and smallest was 30.4.% of the magnesium.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 1998

The influence of venting on the leaching characteristics of pure gasoline and gasoline contaminated soil was studied. The change of leaching characteristics by venting of contaminated soil column could be characterized by two distinct trends : 1) the leaching concentration in TPH-GRO rapidly decreased with evaporation until the evaporation loss became 75% of the original volume. Afterwards, it gradually decreased. 2) the leaching concentrations of individual components showed initial increase followed by gradual decrease. In general, the relative increase of leaching concentration and the venting time to reach the maximum increased with the molecular weight of the components. It should be noted that the decrease of gasoline concentration in the vented air occurs faster than that in the leaching solution. This indicates that, after removing most of the gasoline by evaporation, the focus of the risk assessment for the residual contaminants should be on the groundwater contamination rather than air pollution.