• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

This research was performed to select an appropriate agent to extract preservative components from CCA-treated wood, and then to evaluate the effect of reagent concentration, extracting temperature, and extracting time on the removal of chrome, copper, and arsenic from treated wood. Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the best extracting agent when considered extraction yield as well as use and environmental safety. Its extraction yield was dependent on extracting variables (temperature, concentration, and time), and a highly significant interaction existed among variables. It should be possible to optimize extraction by manipulating these extracting variables. The results may suggest that the required temperature conditions for the reasonable removal of CCA components are at least above 40℃ because extracting time is too long at low temperature (20℃). Reagent concentrations for extracting at above 40℃ should be decided by considering the extracting time.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.270
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• pp.50-51
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.486-493
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• 2008

Safflower red colorants extracted by two solvents including the traditional ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution was used for dyeing cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, silk, wool, and nylon fabrics. The effects of extraction solvents on the reflectance, K/S value, and color properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. Wash/dry cleaning and light colorfastness were evaluated. Reflectance curves of cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, and silk fabrics dyed with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were similar, showing the maximum absorption at 520nm, to that of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by ash solution. The reflectance curves of wool and nylon fabrics were different, showing the maximum absorption at 400nm. K/S values of dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution with the exception of nylon. $L^{*},\;a^{*},\;b^{*}$, and $C^{*}$ of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution except for $L^{*}$ of nylon and $b^{*}$ of viscose rayon. Color difference(${{\Delta}E}^*$) of the dyed fabrics between ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution increased in the order named as cotton, silk, ramie, viscose rayon, wool, and nylon. Regardless of extraction solvents, safflower red colorants produced RP color on cotton, ramie, and nylon, R color on viscose rayon and silk, and YR color on wool. Wash/dry cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics was high above 3/4 rating but light fastness was very poor. It is considered that the use of $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution instead of the traditional ash solution would be more effective in terms of color reproducibility and extraction process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to resource calcium ions contained in most industrial by-products, and confirm the characteristics of calcium ions by extraction and separation conditions. Calcium oxide was used as a calcium extraction source, and hydrochloric acid as an extraction solvent, and the extraction amount according to the concentration of the extraction solvent and the pH dependent characteristics of the extract were analyzed. As the extractant concentration increased, the extracted amount increased while the pH for the extraction was kept constant. In order to separate extracted calcium ions, an acid-basic solution was injected and the formation of precipitates and also the form of precipitates were analyzed. When the sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solution of acid and basic substances were injected into the calcium extract, precipitates were formed and separated into CaSO₄ and Ca(OH)₂ forms.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

In this study, we performed various extraction condition experiments such as types and concentrations of extractants, amounts of extraction sources, pretreatment processes, to optimize the calcium ion extraction for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production. CaO was used as a calcium extraction source, The extraction amount of calcium ions and the particle size of CaO were determined by ICP and SEM results. As a result, 100% calcium ion was extracted when 2 M hydrochloric acid was used as an extractant, and the optimum amount of the extraction source was 6 g. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the reaction time, reaction temperature, particle milling and heat treatment process had no significant effect on the calcium ion extraction amount.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.631-639
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• 2015

Extraction/separation of cobalt by solvent extraction is reviewed. Separation of cobalt using various reagents and also cobalt recovery from scrap using commercial extractant were analyzed. The separation ability for cobalt followed the order of phosphinic > phosphonic > phosphoric acid due to the increasing stabilization of tetrahedral coordination of cobalt complexes with the extractant in the organic phase. Depending upon the solution composition, commercial extractants like Cyanex 272, D2EPHA and PC 88A should primarily be used for commercial extraction processes and also the efficient management of their combination could address various separation issues associated with cobalt bearing scrap.

• 한국도로학회지:도로
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.47-53
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

In this study, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with GC/FID was studied as a possible alternative to liquid-liquid extraction for the analysis of chlorinated solvents (PCE and TCE) and these by-products (cis-DCE, VC, and Ethylene). Experimental parameters affecting the SPME process (such as kind of fibers, adsorption time, desorption time, volume ratio of sample to headspace, salt addition, and magnetic stirring) were optimized. Experimental parameters such as CAR/PDMS, adsorption time of 20 min, desorption time of 5 min at $250^{\circ}C$, headspace volume of 50mL, sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of 25% combined with magnetic stirring were selected in optimal experimental conditions for analysis of chlorinated solvents and these by-products. The general affinity of analytes to CAR/PDMS fiber was high in the order PCE>TCE>cis-DCE>VC>Ethylene. The linearity of $R^2$ for chlorinated solvents and these by-products was from 0.912 to 0.999 when analyte concentrations range from $10{\mu}g/L$ to $500{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The relative standard deviation (% RSD) were from 2.1% to 3.6% for concentration of $500{\mu}g/L$ (n=5), respectively. Finally, the limited of detection (LOD) observed in our study for chlorinated solvents and these by-products were from $0.5{\mu}g/L$ to $10{\mu}g/L$, respectively.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1986

쌍용정유는 윤활기유 생산을 위한 최신공정인 Gulf 특허의 수질첨가 개질공정을 채택, 일본, 카나다에 이에 세계에서 3번째로 건설된 공장으로서 국내 수요전량을 수입에만 의존해 오던 재래식 공정인 용제유출 방식의 윤활기유를 대신하여, 최고급 품질의 윤활기유를 국내에 안정적으로 공급할 수 있는 확고한 기반을 마련하고 지난 5년여 동안 국내수요에 적극 공급해오고 있다. 일반적으로 볼때 쌍용정유에서 생산.공급하고 있는 윤활기유는 국내 각 정유사등 윤활유배합(제조)회사에 공급되어 용제에 따라 첨가제를 배합하는등, 소포장 단계를 거쳐 일반수요자에게 판매되는데, 완제품 윤활유의 사용은 대략 65% 정도가 자동차에 쓰여지고 있으며 공장등 산업시설에 23%, 선박, 기타 용도로 12%정도의 사용분포를 보이고 있다. 산화, 열안정성은 기유의 생명 불순물제거 완벽, 색상 뛰어나 수질첨가 개질공정은 재래식 공정인 용제추출 방식과 어떤 차이점을 갖고, 제품의 특성이 어떤 차이를 나타내는가를 알아보기 위해서는 2가지 방식에 의한 제품의 장단점을 비교해보는 것이 바람직하다고 하겠다.