• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2012

Korean agricultural areas that employ water curtain cultivation (WCC) have recently suffered extensive groundwater shortages due to an increase in the number of facilities. The primary focus of this study is to measure the daily groundwater use and discharge rates in the Cheongweon and Chungju pilot areas, while the second focus is to estimate the total amount of groundwater used in WCC areas nationwide in Korea. Taking into consideration several factors, including motor type, outflow abilities of wells, records of daily minimum temperatures below $0^{\circ}C$, and the number of running wells according to weather variations, we estimated that $53,138m^3/ha$ of groundwater had been used in the 4-hectare Cheongweon pilot area during the winter period of late 2011 through early 2012. On a prorated areal basis, we can calculate that the total groundwater used nationwide was 0.57 billion $m^3$ in WCC areas of $10,746m^2$. This value is equivalent to 33.7% of the total agricultural groundwater use (1.69 billion $m^3$) in Korea. During 9-22 February 2012, the daily water discharge rate in the 4-ha Cheongweon pilot area ranged from 2,079 to $2,628m^3$, averaging $2,341m^3$. Combining this value with meteorological records for 94 days with a daily minimum temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ results in an estimated groundwater volume of $54,990m^3/ha$ for the pilot area during the 2011-2012 winter period. The total amount of groundwater used nationwide in WCC areas would then be 0.59 billion $m^3$, equivalent to 34.9% of the total agricultural groundwater use in Korea. In the Chungju area, the groundwater discharge rate was estimated to be less than 805 $m^3$/ha. This value, combined with weather data for 108 days with a daily minimum temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ in this area, can be applied to infer that the total groundwater volume used in WCC areas nationwide is no more than 55% of the total agricultural groundwater use in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2011

관개배수를 수행하는 농업용 수리시설물은 소규모이고 개소수가 많아 효율적으로 관리하기가 어려우며, 넓은 지역에 분포하고 있어 시설 현황의 파악조차 쉽지 않다. 농업용 수리시설물은 점검자가 관리항목을 종이 조사표에 수기로 작성하여 시설상태를 점검하고 있기 때문에 자료의 누락 및 오류, 전산화를 위한 재입력 과정 등에 있어서 어려움이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 시설물을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 정보망을 구성하여 원격으로 관리하거나, 직접 시설물을 돌아보며 관리해야 한다. 전자의 경우에는 비용이 많이 들기 때문에 적은 수의 관리지점을 제어하는 데는 유리하나, 농업용 수리시설물과 같이 개체수가 많을 경우에는 적용이 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 농업용 수리시설 점검 및 관리의 편의성, 효율성을 제고하기 위하여 농업용 수리시설물에 대하여 점검표준코드를 설계하였으며, WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) 기반의 점검기술 (RFID 및 QR코드)을 개발, 현장 적용을 통하여 활용성을 평가하였다. WSN 기술을 바탕으로 빠르고 정확하게 시설물을 인식할 수 있으며, 식별한 시설물의 정보를 바탕으로 현장에서 시설물에 대한 적절한 대응이 가능하도록 설계하였다. 개발한 기술은 대한민국 이동 지구의 시설물을 관리하는 데 직접 이용함으로써 평가하였다. 본 연구는 기존 농업용 수리시설물 점검의 비효율성을 개선하고 시설물 안전 평가 및 현장 이력 관리 등 현장 업무 효율 향상을 통해 농업용 수리시설 관리 및 농업용수 관리에 기여하는 바가 클 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

Water shortages are expected to be a major impact of climate change. This study examined the growth of Chinese cabbage seedling using reclaimed wastewater and waste nutrient solution as alternative irrigation resources. Generally, the concentration of nutrients, such as $K^+$, $NH_4^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$,$NO_3^-$, $PO_4^-$ and $SO_4^{2-}$, in waste nutrient solution was higher than that in wastewater. However, Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with wastewater was supplied a higher concentration of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ than waste nutrient solution. The growth of Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with waste nutrient solution was similar or higher than those irrigated with groundwater as control, while the growth of those irrigated with wastewater was similar to those irrigated with groundwater. The total nitrogen uptake in Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with groundwater, waste nutrient solution from organic and inorganic hydroponic cultures, and wastewater was 5.47, 10.02, 5.20, and 4.59 mg/plant, respectively. The nitrogen uptake of Chinese cabbage seedling irrigated with waste nutrient solution from organic hydroponic substrates in a 50% lower dose than recommended was 8.34 mg/plant, which is higher than that of the cabbage irrigated with groundwater. Overall, the results suggest that waste nutrient solution and wastewater can be used as alternate water resources, and can allow a reduction in the amount of fertilizer needed to raise Chinese cabbage seedling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.264-266
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• 1998

IP 유니테스트 이동성을 지원하는 연결 재설정 방법에 대한 연구들은 네트워크가 멀티 캐스르 기능지원하지 않는 경우에 이동 호스트에 데이터그램을 송수신 할 수 없는 전송문제를 내포하고 있다. 본 논문은 멀티캐스트 기능을 지원하지 않는 네트워크에서도 이동호스트에게 멀티캐스트 응용 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 MCI-Based rerouting 방법을 제안한다. 이 연구는 종단 이동호스트와 최적 경로를 이루는 네트워크의 최하단 멀티캐스트 라우터를 단순한 비교 연산만으로 찾아 연결을 재설정한다. 근원지에서 최하단 멀티캐스트라우터까지는 멀티캐스트로 전달되고, 멀티캐스트 라우터에서 이동 호스트까지는 터널링을 이용함으로써 이동호스트에 멀티캐스트 데이터그램을 송수신 할 수 있게 한다. 또한 광대역의 인터넷에서도 멀티캐스트 데이터 그램을 송수신할 수 있게 함으로써 확장성을 고혀한다.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2019

Citarum river in West Java, Indonesia plays strategic roles for Jakarta metropolitan areas. Besides it provides major source of water supply such as domestics and drinking water including Jakarta, it also provides water for hundreds of industries through its cascade reservoirs. However, recently, Citarum river basin has been seriously suffering from water and groundwater pollution as well as the lowering-down of groundwater level due to the extreme use of water resources in dry season by domestic and industrial activities. This project objectives are design and installation of industrial wastewater treatment/recycle facilities to overcome the problem of water pollution and the lowering-down of groundwater level in Bandung. For these, cyclone type dissolved air flotation (DAF), CYFLOAT, was successfully installed as the appropriate technology for the target textile industry with 100 ton/day of capacity. The CYFLOAT system can remove the 96.8% of particulates, which are known as a critical factor to recycle the wastewater, within 40 min of residence time. Furthermore, The CYFLOAT system can reduce the operational cost and land use. The project was carried out in strong partnership with local institute including UNPAR, IBT, and PUSKIM for the sustainability of the technology to textile industry complex in Indonesia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.535-543
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• 2006

The Ozone oxidation process was applied to increase the efficiency of reuse process when treating the secondary effluent by the membrane system. This paper focus on decreasing efficiency of membrane fouling, because of membrane fouling reduction by ozone and evaluation of application of the ozone oxidation. The feed water was secondary effluent from BNR process. The result shows that the ozone pretreatment can reduce membrane fouling effectively. Also, the improvement of treated water quality was obvious. The reduction of the membrane fouling led decrease of following pollutant and increase of lnner adsorptive ability of hydrophilic organic matter and decrease of molecular weight. MF membrane process alone can meet the domestic reuse water standards. And ozone pretreatment process also can increase the removal rates of turbidity, COD, nitrogen, and color.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.479-484
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• 2005

A GIS-based integrated system for reuse of effluent from wastewater treatment plants was developed in this study. The GIS-supported program classified attribute data which the effluent's quantity and quality and agricultural thematic map data according to the 5 big river basin area. From the database, showing the spatial variation of the water quality of the effluent, thereby proposing proper mitigation strategies over the watershed. Also, this system enables the users who is going to reuse the reclaimed water for their paddies to provide of all the wastewater treatment plant data and agricultural structures and thematic map data.

• KSCI Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

통계 기반 접근 방법을 이용한 품사태깅에서 태깅 정확도는 훈련 데이터의 양에 좌우될 뿐 아니라, 말뭉치가 충분할지라도 수작업으로 구축한 말뭉치의 경우 항상 오류의 가능성을 내포하고 있으며 언어의 특성상 통계적으로 신뢰할만한 데이터의 수집에도 어려움이 따른다. 훈련 데이터로 사용되는 말뭉치는 많은 사람들이 수작업으로 구축하므로 작업자 중 일부가 언어에 대한 지식이 부족하다거나 주관적인 판단에 의한 태깅 실수를 포함할 수도 있기 때문에 단순한 저빈도와 관련된 잡음 외의 오류들이 포함될 수 있는데 이러한 오류들은 재추정이나 평탄화 기법으로 해결될 수 있는 문제가 아니다. 본 논문에서는 HMM(Hidden Markov Model)을 이용한 한국어 품사 태깅에서 재추정 후 여전히 존재하는 말뭉치의 잡음에 인한 태깅 오류 해결을 위해 비터비 알고리즘적용 단계에서 데이터 부족과 말뭉치의 오류로 인해 문제가 되는 부분을 찾아내고 규칙을 통해 수정을 하여 태깅 결과를 개선하는 방안을 제안한다. 실험결과는 오류가 존재하는 말뭉치를 사용하여 구현된 HMM과 비터비 알고리즘을 적용한 태깅 정확도에 비해 오류를 수정하는 과정을 거친 후 정확도가 향상됨을 보여준다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 1999

A feasibility study was performed to examine the agronomic application of treated sewage on paddy rice culture by field experiment. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland system which was in subsurface flow type and consisted of sand and macrophyte. The effluent of the wetland system was adjusted to maintain the total nitrogen concentration below $25mgL^{-1}$ and used for irrigation water. Four treatments include (1) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with conventional fertilization (TWCF), (2) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with half of the conventional fertilization (TWHF), (3) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted without fertilization (TWNF), and (4) irrigation of treated sewage as it was without fertilization (SWNF). These cases were compared to the control case of tap water irrigation with conventional fertilization (Control). Generally, addition of the treated sewage to the irrigation water showed no adverse affect on paddy rice culture, and even improvement was noticed in both growth and yields. TWCF showed the best result and the yields exceed the Control in about 10%. Overall performance of the treatments was TWCF, Control, TWHF, TWNF, and SWNF in decreasing order. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage as a supplemental irrigation water could be feasible and practical alternative for ultimate sewage disposal which often causes water quality problem to the receiving water body. For full scale application, further study is recommended on the specific guidelines of major water quality components and public health.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.3
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• pp.150-158
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• 1998

This paper describes the classification of remotely sensed image data using fuzzy neural network, whose algorithm was obtained by replacing real numbers used for inputs and outputs in the standard back propagation algorithm with fuzzy numbers. In the proposed method, fuzzy patterns, generated based on the histogram ofeach category for the training data, are put into the fuzzy neural network with real numbers. The results show that the generalization and appoximation are better than that ofthe conventional network in determining the complex boundary of patterns.