• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.445-452
• /
• 2013

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings are fabricated via suspension plasma spray (SPS) for thermal barrier applications. Three different suspension sets are prepared by using a planetary mill as well as ball mill in order to examine the effect of starting suspension on the phase evolution and the microstructure of SPS prepared coatings. In the case of planetary-milled commercial YSZ powder, a deposited thick coating turns out to have a dense, vertically-cracked microstructure. In addition, a dense YSZ coating with fully developed phase can be obtained via suspension plasma spray with suspension from planetary-milled mixture of $Y_2O_3$ and $ZrO_2$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 2018

This study investigates the microstructure and wear properties of cermet (ceramic + metal) coating materials manufactured using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Three types of HVOF coating layers are formed by depositing WC-12Co, WC-20Cr-7Ni, and Cr3C2-20NiCr (wt.%) powders on S45C steel substrate. The porosities of the coating layers are $1{\pm}0.5%$ for all three specimens. Microstructural analysis confirms the formation of second carbide phases of $W_2C$, $Co_6W_6C$, and $Cr_7C_3$ owing to decarburizing of WC phases on WC-based coating layers. In the case of WC-12Co coating, which has a high ratio of $W_2C$ phase with high brittleness, the interface property between the carbide and the metal binder slightly decreases. In the $Cr_3C_2-20CrNi$ coating layer, decarburizing almost does not occur, but fine cavities exist between the splats. The wear loss occurs in the descending order of $Cr_3C_2-20NiCr$, WC-12Co, and WC-20Cr-7Ni, where WC-20Cr-7Ni achieves the highest wear resistance property. It can be inferred that the ratio of the carbide and the binding properties between carbide-binder and binder-binder in a cermet coating material manufactured with HVOF as the primary factors determine the wear properties of the cermet coating material.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.106-110
• /
• 2011

A high thermal conductive AlN composite coating is attractive in thermal management applications. In this study, AlN-YAG composite coatings were manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying from two different powders: spray-dried and plasma-treated. The mixture of both AlN and YAG was first mechanically alloyed and then spray-dried to obtain an agglomerated powder. The spray-dried powder was primarily spherical in shape and composed of an agglomerate of primary particles. The decomposition of AlN was pronounced at elevated temperatures due to the porous nature of the spray-dried powder, and was completely eliminated in nitrogen environment. A highly spherical, dense AlN-YAG composite powder was synthesized by plasma alloying and spheroidization (PAS) in an inert gas environment. The AlN-YAG coatings consisted of irregular-shaped, crystalline AlN particles embedded in amorphous YAG phase, indicating solid deposition of AlN and liquid deposition of YAG. The PAS-processed powder produced a lower-porosity and higher-hardness AlN-YAG coating due to a greater degree of melting in the plasma jet, compared to that of the spray-dried powder. The amorphization of the YAG matrix was evidence of melting degree of feedstock powder in flight because a fully molten YAG droplet formed an amorphous phase during splat quenching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.694-696
• /
• 2011

The high enthalpy plasma research center in Chonbuk national university is under construction for four types of plasma equipments. The equipments are 1set of 0.4 MW class enhanced Huels type plasma equipment, 1 set of 2.4 MW class enhanced Huels type plasma quipment, 1 set of 60 kW RF plasma equipment and 1 set of 200 kW RF plasma equipment. 60kW RF plasma system is R&D and pilot scale production equipment of nano powder synthesis and plasma spray coating. 200kW RF plasma system is mass production equipment with high power capacity of nano powder synthesis. 0.4MW plasma system can be applied to the ground test facility for material testing under re-entry conditions for space vehicles.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2002

In the case of using high temperature by coating ceramic/metal, large stress was produced due to difference of thermal expansion coefficient between those. And then lead to delamination. In order to relaxation of the stress A1$_2$O$_3$/SS316 composite powders with $10wt.%Al_2O_3$ compositional gradient and $10wt.%Al_2O_3$ agglomerated powder were made by spray drying method. These powders were sintered to improve the strength and to be plasma sprayed in order to fabricate the FGC(functionally graded coating). The influence of gun power, working distance and Ar pressure on the microstructure of the coating layer was studied in order to optimize the plasma spray conditions. It was proven that the optimum conditions were 40kw gun power, 5cm working distance and $100ft^3/h$ Ar flow for both powders. FGC with 10 compositional steps was fabricated and the total thickness was 1.3mm. FGC was heat treated at $1100^{\circ}C$for 10hours to evaluate the heat resisting characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 1998

회주철 모재의 표면에 감압 플라즈마 용사법으로 실리콘 분말을 피복시킨 후 $CO_2$ 레이저를 이용하는 표면 합금화로 고온 내스케일성이 향상된 표면 개질층을 제조하였다. 실리콘의 표면 합금층에는 응집상의 흑연(chunky graphite)이 $Fe_5Si_3$로 구성된 망상의 화합물 기지속에 정출하는 조직특성을 보였다. 대기 분위기에서 18.0ks동안 열중량측정(TG)한 결과 실리콘 표면 합금층의 무게 증가율은 회주철 모재에 비하여 923K에서는 약 1/3, 1098K에서는 약 1/10을 나타내었다. 그리고 1098K에서 18.0ks동안 유지시킨 주철모재 시편에서 원래의 모재표면을 기준으로 다공성의 외부스케일과 편상흑연을 따라 생성된 내부스케일로 구성된 두께 $60{\sim}70\;{\mu}m$의 두꺼운 산화스케일이 생성되었으나, 실리콘의 표면 합금층에서는 두께 $3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$의 치밀한 외부 산화스케일만이 생성되었다. 실리콘 합금층의 단면 미소경도값은 MHV $300{\sim}1100$으로 그 변동폭이 심하였으나, 진공분위기에서 열처리(1223K, 18.0ks)한 경우 미소경도값의 편차는 MHV $300{\sim}500$으로 개선되었다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.763-768
• /
• 2001

Molybdenum-based thermal spray powder is widely used for coating the moving parts of the internal combustion engines due to its excellent wear resistance. A composite powder of the $Mo_{40}(Al_{1-x}Si_x)_{60}$ system was synthesized using the SHS method. The synthesized bulk was pulverized and specially treated to produce thermal spray powder. It was found that the synthesis reaction consisted of two-steps: the formation of $Al_8/Mo_3$ and the formation of Mo(Al,Si)$_2$. Both the temperature and the rate of the SHS reaction linearly increased with the increase of the value of x in $Mo_{40}(Al_{1-x}Si_x)_{60}$, The temperature and the rate of the reaction were also affected by the compacting density of the specimens, exhibiting the maximum valves at 62% and 60%, respectively. Since spherical shape is advantageous to the thermal spraying process, shape-control of the powder was attempted with PVA as a binding additive, resulting in the successful production of almost perfectly spherical powder of 80 $\mu\textrm{m}$ Ø$(d_{50})$ mean particle size.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2000

Aluminum alloys are being employed in automobile parts as strive to reduce overall vehicle weight to meet demands for improved fuel economy and reduction in vehicle emissions. Al-based composites reinforced with ceramic ($Al_2O_3,\;SiC,\;TiC\;and\;B_4C$) applications in a variety of components in automotive engines, such as liners, where the tribological properties of the material are important. In this study, Al-base composites reinforced with TiC particle powders has been developed for producing plasma spray coatings. The composite plasma spray powders were prepared Al-13Si-3Mg(wt%) alloy with TiC(40, 60 and 80wt%) particles ($0.2~5{\mu}textrm{m}$) by drum type ball milling. The composite powders ($36~76{\mu}textrm{m}$) were sprayed with plasma torch. Plasma sprayed coatings were heat-treated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. The wear resistances of the plasma sprayed coatings were found to decrease with increasing TiC content and improved with heat treatment. AlSiMg-40% TiC heat-treated coatings were showed the best wear resistance in this study.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2014

Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are being applied in many industrial fields such as thermal power generation, aviation and seasonal fields. $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) thermal spray coating powders are commercially used as thermal-barrier coating materials to protect against oxidation and corrosion of heat-resistant alloys at elevated temperatures. Currently, $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) thermal-spray powder is made using the industrial co-precipitation process, which is very complex and requires a lot of time. In this study, orthorhombic $ZrO_2$ and $Y_2O_3$ powders were fabricated by mechanical mixing, which is more economical than the co-precipitation process. A tetragonal, yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) coating-layer was produced by plasma spraying, using orthorhombic $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) powder. Our experimental results indicate that $ZrO_2-Y_2O_3$(8%) mixed powder can be used economically in industry because it is no longer necessary to make this powder by liquid and gas-phase methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.34-34
• /
• 2001

열CVD법에 의하여 아세틸렌 가스를 탄소 원으로 사용한 탄소 나노튜브의 성장거동을 조사하였다. 닉켈 분말의 직경을 15nm 내지 90nm 범위로 조정하여 기판 에 촉매로 배열하였다. 탄소 나노튜브는 질소, 수소, 알곤, 암모니아 등 여러가지의 가스 분위기에서 증착되었으며 이들 가스의 혼합 분위기가 탄소나 노튜브의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 증착은 대기압 압력하에서 85$0^{\circ}C$ 의 온도에서 이루어졌다. 순수한 질소 분위기에서는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 이루어지지 않고 두꺼운 탄소 층이 기판 위에 중착되었다. 이 조건에서는 탄소로 뒤덮혀진 닉켈 입자가 탄소 나노튜브 형성의 촉매 역할을 담당하지 못했다. 그러나 질소와 수소의 혼합분위기에서는 수소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 증진되었다. 순수한 수소 분위기에서는 일정한 방향이 없이 꼬여진 탄소 나노튜브가 성장되었다. 탄소 나노튜브의 성장은 분위기 가스로 암모니아를 사용하였을 때 훨씬 더 증진되었다. 수직으로 배열된 탄소 나노튜료를 암모니아 분위기에서는 성장시킬 수 있었으나 암모니아와 같은 비율의 수소와 질소 가스의 혼합 분위기 하에서 는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장을 얻을 수 없었다. 이러한 결과를 여기에서는 닉켈 촉매의 표면에 과도하게 석출된 탄소의 촉매 passivation으로 설명하였다. 탄소 나노튜브의 증착을 위해서는 아세틸렌 가스의 분해율이 너무 과도하지 않게 즉 촉매의 표면이 과도한 탄소의 증착으로 수동태화 되지않도록 조절되어야 한다는 것이다. 이 연구결과는 분위기 가스의 조성이 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 있어서 그 반웅 kinetics에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 잘 보여주고 있다. 또한 암모니아 분위기에서는 촉매 닉켈입자 표면에 질화물층이 형성되어 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 영향을 미쳤다는 것도 알 수 있었다.며 실제 가공업체에서도 터짐 문제가 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로 표면층의 인장강도가 패션/구부림에 가장 중요한 변수로 작용하며 어떠 한 형태로 표면층의 인장강도를 향상시킬 경우 침엽수 펄프는 재생펄프로 대체가 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.하는 통계기법 중의 하나인 주성분회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주성분 분석은 여러 개의 반응변수에 대하여 얻어진 다변량 자료의 다차원적인 변 수들을 축소, 요약하는 차원의 단순화와 더불어 서로 상관되어있는 반응변수들 상호간 의 복잡한 구조를 분석하는 기법이다. 본 발표에서는 공정 자료를 활용하여 인공신경망 과 주성분분석을 통해 공정 트러블의 발생에 영향 하는 인자들을 보다 현실적으로 추 정하고, 그 대책을 모색함으로써 이를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 소개하고자 한다.금 빛 용사 둥과 같은 표면처리를 할 경우임의 소재 표면에 도금 및 용 사에 용이한 재료를 오버레이용접시킨 후 표면처리를 함으로써 보다 고품질의 표면층을 얻기위한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 국내, 외의 오버레이 용접기술의 적용현황 및 대표적인 적용사례, 오버레이 용접기술 및 용접재료의 개발현황 둥을 중심으로 살펴봄으로서 아직 국내에서는 널리 알려지지 않은 본 기 술의 활용을 넓이고자 한다. within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.및 12.36%, $101{\sim}200$일의 경우 12.78% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에