• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2017

The present study investigated the effect of the rib arrangement and a guide vane for enhancing internal cooling of the blade. Two types of rib arrangements were used in the first and second passage in parallel. Aspect ratio of the channel was 5 and a fixed Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter was 10,000. The attack angle of rib was $60^{\circ}$, rib pitch-to-height ratio (p/e) was 10, and the rib height-to-hydraulic-diameter ratio ($e/D_h$) was 0.075. The effect of an interaction between Dean vortices and the secondary vortices from the first passage was observed. Overall, the attack angle of rib in the first passage was dominant factor to heat transfer and flow patterns in turning region. Also, the channel with a guide vane showed enhanced heat transfer at the tip surface with reducing flow separation and recirculation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.128-133
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• 2002

The heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent flow in a ribbed two-dimensional channel have been investigated numerically. The fully elliptic governing equations, coupled with a four-equation turbulence model, $\kappa-\omega-\bar{t^2}-\epsilon_t$, are solved by a finite volume method of SIMPLE type. Calculations have been carried out for three rib cross-sections : square, triangular, and semicircular, with various rib pitches and Reynolds numbers. The procedure appears to be satisfactory as the results for the square rib compare favorably with available experimental data and earlier calculation. The optimal rib pitch that yields the maximum heat transfer has been identified. It is also found that the square rib is most effective in enhancing the heat transfer. The semicircular rib, on the other hand, incurs the least amount of pressure drop but the improvement in heat transfer is substantially lower.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2011

기존의 착저식 방파제를 보완하기 위하여 부유식 방파제가 개발되었고, 많은 연구가 선행되어 왔다. 부유식 방파제의 최대 장점은 경제성과 친환경성이다. 그러나 부유식 방파제는 소파성능이 떨어진다는 단점이 있으며, 이를 개선하기 위해 잠재와 혼용, 배열형에 관한 연구등이 선행되어왔다. 그러나 이것은 경제성이라는 강점을 고려하지 못하였다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 부유식 방파제의 중요한 장점중 하나인 경제성을 고려해, 단면현상 변화만을 이용하여 부유식 방파제의 소파성능 개선하고자 하였다. RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) 방정식에 기초하여 VOF법과 $k-{\varepsilon}$ 난류모델을 결합한 수치모델인 CADMAS-SURF를 이용하였으며, 구조물 단면형상 변화를 이용해 와의 상호 간섭을 유도하였고, 이에 따른 투과율 변화를 관찰 하였다. 결과를 살펴보면 요철1 단면에서는 구조물 전면 하단부분과 구조물 후면 하단부분에서 와의 간섭이 일어났으며 가장 아래 요철 부분에서 유속의 전달현상이 보인다. 투과계수는 일반적인 부유식 방파제와 마찬가지로 L/B가 1~4사이 값인, 비교적 단주기에서는 0.3~0.4의 투과율을 보였으나 L/B가 5를 넘어가면서 0.45~0.55의 투과율을 보였고, 요철2 단면에서는 전면과 후면에서 발달한 와가 전, 후면 돌출부에 의해 바닥까지 전파되지 못하는 양상을 보였으며, 돌출부 사이 중앙부분에서 가장 활발한 와의 간섭을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 돌출부 아래에서 역시 강력한 와의 간섭을 보이고 있다. 투과율 역시 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 비교적 단주기 구간인 B/L 1~4 에서는 0.2~0.35 사이의 값을 가졌으며 5~10사이구간에서는 0.35~0.34의 값을 보이고 있다. 이 같은 결과는 와의 간섭이 가장 활발하게 나타난 결과로 보인다. 그리고 요철 3단면에서는 전면 돌출부 끝단에서의 활발한 와의 간섭을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 투과율은 세 단면 중 가장 높은 값의 투과율을 보이지만 B/L 3~4 구간에서 요철1 경우보다 낮은 값의 투과율을 보이고 있다. 결과에서 보듯이 도출부의 적절한 조합과 배치를 통해 언급한 연구목표(와의 생성과 간섭, 방파효율 개선)를 달성하였고 추후에 돌출부의 크기와 배치, 흘수의 영향, 수심의 영향 등을 고려한 연구가 진행된다면 더욱 우수한 단면형상을 개발 할 것이라 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.782-789
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• 2001

Local heat/mass transfer and friction loss in a square duct roughened with various types of continuous and discrete rib turbulators are investigated. The combined effects of the gap flows of the discrete ribs and the secondary flows are examined for the purpose of the reduction of thermally weak regions and the promotion of the uniformity of heat/mass transfer distributions as well as the augmentation of average heat/mass transfer. The rib-to-rib pitch to the rib height ratio (p/e) of 8 and the rib angles of 90 and 60 deg are selected with $e/D_{h}=0.08$. The vortical structure of the secondary flows induced by the parallel angled arrays are quite distinct from that induced by the cross angled arrays. This distinction influences on heat/mass transfer and friction loss in all the tested cases. The gap flows of the discrete ribs reduce the strength of the secondary flows but promote local turbulence and flow mixing. As a result, the fairly uniform heat/mass transfer distributions are obtained with two row gaps.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1453-1460
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• 2003

The present study investigates the effects of rib arrangements and aspect ratios of a rectangular duct simulating the cooling passage of a gas turbine blade. Two different V-shaped rib configurations are tested with the aspect ratios (W/H) of 3 to 6.82. One is the continuous V-shaped rib configuration with $60^{\circ}$ attack angle, and the other is the discrete V-shaped rib configuration with $45^{\circ}$ attack angle. The square ribs with the pitch to height ratio of 10.0 are installed on the test section in a parallel arrangement for both rib configurations. Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter are changed from 10,000 to 30,000. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to measure local heat/mass transfer coefficients. For the continuous V-shaped rib configuration, two pairs of counter-rotating vortices are generated in a duct, and high transfer region is formed at the center of the ribbed walls of the duct. However, for the discrete V-shaped rib configuration with $45^{\circ}$ attack angle, complex secondary flow patterns are generated in the duct due to its geometric feature, and more uniform heat/mass transfer distributions are obtained for all tested cases

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2211-2218
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• 2003

The present study investigates heat/mass transfer characteristics in a rotating two-pass duct for smooth and ribbed surfaces. The duct has an aspect ratio of 0.5 and a hydraulic diameter of 26.67 mm. 70-angled rib turbulators are attached on the leading and trailing sides of the duct in parallel and cross arrangements. The pitch-to-rib height ratio is 7.5 and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio is 0.075. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter is constant at 10,000 and the rotation number ranges from 0.0 to 0.2 Detailed local heat/mass transfer coefficients are measured using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The results show that the secondary flows generated by the $180^{\circ}-turn$, rib turbulators, and duct rotation affect the wall heat/mass transfer distribution significantly, As the duct rotates, the rotaion-induced Coriolis force deflects the main flow and results in differences on the heat/mass transfer distribution between the leading and trailing surfaces. Its effects become more dominant as the rotaion number increases. Discussions are presented describing how the rib configuration and the rotaion speed affect the flow patterns and local heat/mass transfer in the duct.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.873-881
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• 2006

The present study investigates the pressure drop characteristics in rotating two-pass ducts. The duct has an aspect ratio (W/H) of 0.5 and a hydraulic diameter $(D_h)$ of 26.67mm. Rib turbulators are attached crossly in the four different arrangements on the leading and trailing surfaces of the test ducts. The ribs have a rectangular cross section of $2mm(e){\times}3mm(w)$ and an attack angle of $70^{\circ}C$. The pitch-to-rib height ratio (pie) is 7.5, and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio $(e/D_h)$ is 0.075. The results show that the highest pressure drop among each region appears in the turning region for the stationary case, but appears in the upstream region of the second pass for the rotating case. Effects of cross rib arrangements are almost the same in the first pass for the stationary and rotating cases. In the second pass, however, heat transfer and pressure drop are high for the cases with cross NN or PP type ribs in the stationary ducts. In the rotating ducts, they are high for the cases with cross NP or PP type ribs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.882-890
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• 2006

The present study investigates the pressure drop characteristics in rotating two-pass ducts. The duct has an aspect ratio (W/H) of 0.5 and a hydraulic diameter $(D_h)$ of 26.67mm. Rib turbulators are attached parallel in the four different arrangements on the leading and trailing surfaces of the test ducts. The ribs have a rectangular cross section of $2m(e){\times}3mm(w)$ and an attack angle of $70^{\circ}C$. The pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) is 7.5, and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio $(e/D_h)$ is 0.075. The results show that the highest pressure drop among each region appears in the turning region for the stationary case, but appears in the upstream region of the second pass for the rotating case. Effects of parallel rib arrangements are almost the same in the first pass for the stationary and rotating cases. In the second pass, however, heat transfer and pressure drop are high for the cases with parallel NN or PP type ribs in the stationary ducts. In the rotating ducts, they are high for the cases with parallel NN or PN type ribs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1640-1649
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• 2001

The present study investigates the effects of various rib arrangements on heat/mass transfer in the cooling passage of gas turbine blades. A complex flow structure occurs in the cooling passage with rib turbulators which promote heat transfer on the wall. It is important to increase not only the heat transfer rates but also the uniformity of heat transfer in the cooling passage. A numerical computation is performed using a commercial code to calculate the flow structures and experiments are conducted to measure heat/mass transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sublimation technique. A square channel (50 mm $\times$ 50 mm) with rectangular ribs (4 mm $\times$ 5 mm) is used fur the stationary duct test. The experiments focus on the effects of rib arrangements and gap positions in the discrete ribs on the heat/mass transfer on the duct wall. The rib angle of attack is 60°and the rib-to-rib pitch is 32 mm, that is 8 times of the rib height. With the inclined rib angle of attack (60°), the parallel rib arrangements make a pair of counter rotating secondary flows in the cross section, but the cross rib arrangements make a single large secondary flow including a small secondary vortex. These secondary flow patterns affect significantly the heat/mass transfer on the ribbed wall. The heat/mass transfer in the parallel arrangements is 1.5 ∼2 times higher than that in the cross arrangements. However, the shifted rib arrangements change little the heat/mass transfer from the inline rib arrangements. The gap position in the discrete rib affects significantly the heat/mass transfer because a strong flow acceleration occurs locally through the gap.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.150-158
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• 2002

Local heat/mass transfer and friction loss in a square duct roughened with various types of continuous and discrete rib turbulators are investigated. The combined effects of the gap flows of the discrete ribs and the secondary flows are examined for the purpose of the reduction of thermally weak regions and the promotion of the uniformity of heat/mass transfer distributions as well as the ;augmentation of average heat/mass transfer. The rib-to-rib pitch to the rib height ratio (p/e) of 8 and the rib angles of 90° and 60° are selected with e/D$\_$h/=0.08. The vortical structure of the secondary flows induced by the parallel angled arrays are quite distinct from that induced by the cross angled arrays. This distinction influences on heat/mass transfer and friction loss in all the tested cases. The gap flows of the discrete ribs reduce the strength of the secondary flows but promote local turbulence and flow mixing. Consequently, the angled discrete ribs with the small gaps provide a more uniform heat/mass transfer distribution sustaining high average heat/mass transfer.