• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.77
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• pp.200-254
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• 2016

This paper deals with historical changes in the market of Korean newsprint paper since 1945. Particularly, this paper does not examine only the structure of supply and demand in the newsprint paper market, but also general dynamics of the market from a perspective of Harold Innis's socioeconomic history. As a result, this paper concludes that the general dynamics of Korean newsprint paper market has persistently responded to a stimulus from external markets due to a scarcity of natural resources. To more concretely put it, until 1967 when the newsprint paper market was opened, Korean government had tried to control both newspaper industries and paper manufacture businesses by the matters of price and distribution of the newsprint paper. But since the market was opened, a general dynamics of the Korean newsprint paper market has been vulnerable to uncoordinated properties of external markets. Consequently, even though 'self-sufficiency' of newsprint papers was achieved in 1974, the price of newsprint papers has been often rising and falling.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.296-301
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• 1999

Background: Generally, it is difficult to differentiate uterine malignant mixed M$\ddot{u}$ llerian tumor(MMMT) from endometrial carcinom in radiological and clinical aspects. Our purpose is to investigate MR findings that distinguishes MMMT from endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We retrogradely evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging findings of pathologically proven 5 cases of malignant mixed M$\ddot{u}$llerian tumor(MMMT) and 14 endometrial carcinomas to know the differential points of these two tumors originating in the endometrial cavity. The size of the mass, presence or absence of myometrial or uterine cervical invasion, growth pattern of the mass, signal intensity and degree and pattern of contrast enhancement were analyzed and compared. Results: The length of the long axis of the MMMT was 1.5-9.0cm(average, 5.7cm) but that of the endometrial carcinoma was 0.5-6.0cm(average, 2.5cm). Invasion of uterine cervix which was found in 3 MMMT cases, dilated the endometrial cavity and the lumen of the uterine cervix and showed the pattern of growing into the external os. Invasion of uterine cervix was found in only one case of endometrial carcinoma. The presence or absence of myometrial invasion, the signal intensity and homogeneity on T1- and T2-weighted images, and the degree and patterns of contrast enhancement showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Any specific finding to differentiate MMMT from endometrial carcinoma was not ascertained. However, MMMT can be suspected if the size of the endometrial mass is greater than 5cm and if the mass dilates the enocervical canal and invades the uterine cervix.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.211-237
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• 2006

Mansebo[만세보] contains a total of 111 old shijos under the title of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언]. This dissertation presumes Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] as early 20th century shijo text and surveys its literary characteristic and its significance in relation with anthological compilation. Haedongyeongeon can be seen as both newspaper serials and a short anthology. The basic pattern of the serials shows an organization of 'title. musical designation, author. text. and a brief review. Of these, the review is what most clearly shows the characteristic of the serials. The review is written in Chinese followed by Korean letters to designate the sound of the Chinese. which is presumably designed to attract more readers for the newspaper. On the other hand, Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], when seen as a collection of works printed in serials, clearly shows an intention of compiling an anthology, particularly in its way of overall classification of works or arranging works according to their authors, and thus may well be defined as a short anthology. This anthology somewhat excessively pursues perfection in formality, and is characterized by its strong intent to be read as popular literature, and therefore could be said to manifest the general characteristic of 20th century anthologies. The planner of the serial Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], or the compiler of the anthology is thought to be one of the core figures of Mansebo[만세보], that is, O Sechang[오세창], Lee Injik[이인직], Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년], Shin Gwanghui[신광희], but of them all, considering all circumstances, Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년] is most likely to be the one. Lastly, it is presently unknown what anthology was used as the basis of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] and accordingly any judgement on that head has been deferred.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.769-774
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• 2001

Background: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis(DNM) is a serious complication originating in odontogenic or oropharyngeal infection with previously reported mortality rates of 25% to 40%. We retrospectively reviewed the 4 years of our surgical drainage and debridement in DNM. Material and Method: We studied 7 cases diagnosed as DNM from 1997 through 2000. Primary oropharyngeal infection lead to DNM in four cases(57%) and odontogenic abscess in three cases(43%). All patients were received emergent cervicotomy and thoracotomy or sternotomy for debridement of necrotic tissue and mediastinal or pleural drainage. Result: Five cases were evolved well and were discharged after a mean of 42 days. Two patients(28.6%) died. Three patients required reoperation due to local surgical complication; empyema(two) and impending cardiac tamponade. One of these patients died on 12 post-reoperative day due to great vessel erosion, renal and respiratory insufficiency. The other patient died of broncho- esophageal fistula and asphyxia on 10 postoperative day without reoperation. Conclusion: On the basis of experience accrued in treating these patients, early diagnosis by cervicothoracic computed tomographic scan of neck and thorax aids in rapid indication of a surgical approach of DNM. We emphasize that performing early surgical drainage and debridement of necrotic tissues with intensive postoperative care can significantly reduce the mortality rate.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2017

This study analyzes the process of overcoming the impoverishment due to the failure of North Korea planned economy through marketization. Recognizing the economic policy presented by the convergence of market and planned economy system as a economy system and focusing on the 7.1 Economic Management Measures and the 6.28 New Economic Management Measures. The marketization is classified the indigenous marketization (1990-2001), the marketization focusing on central distribution (2002-2011), the marketization focusing on production (2012-2017). The major events, the economic circular structure and the economic behavior were analyzed. Results showed as following: First, through the process of marketization starting from the expansion of farmers' market and the marketization focusing on distribution, the marketization focusing on production to the marketization focusing on finance. And as the evolution of it continues, to some extent a poverty has been overcomed. Second, corporate institutions, agricultural institutions, financial institutions and progress in becoming a market economy direction. A series of privatization starting from small one to large-scale one have been progressing. Third, in order to overcome the impoverishment completely. Through foreign investment the industrialization covering a wide range of industries are urgently needed, Domestic agricultural reform, enterprise reform, price reform, financial reform, financial reform, trade and direct investment, reform, reform, distribution, etc are needed. The economic reforms across almost all sectors are needed to be combined in a global economy Expanding employment, the acquisition of foreign currencies and the acquisition of technology in the process should also be realized. The direction of change of this series of economic structures has turned Public sector and centralized into Private sector and Decentralization.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-283
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• 2011

As China has achieved continuous high growth, innovative housing system and rapid growth of housing finance for thirty years since its reforming and opening, Chinese real estate industry has developed rapidly, investment in real estate has increased remarkably and price of real estate has increased continuously. In particular, as China joined WTO in 2001, overseas companies have expanded investment in Chinese real estate market with chances of potential profit. Recently, management of foreign capital real estate companies has expanded from housing to office buildings and luxury shops. Besides, management has expanded from real estate development to various tasks such as management, brokerage service, lease management and financial investment. In order to measure relationship between FDI in Chinese real estate and Chinese housing price, this document utilizes not only various data such as housing price, FDI to real estate, domestic loan of real estate, interest rate and exchange rate in 35 major cities across China but also previous researches to set an empirical analysis model and analyze effects of foreigners' direct investment in Chinese real estate on Chinese housing price.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

Elderly people want to live in the community even if they are in poor health. However, there is no integrated care support system suitable for the health and functional status of the elderly. So the elderly are choosing living facilities. The purpose of this study is to explore exploring whether the elderly are applying for a long-term care certification. First, mild geriatric patients were mainly using home care services such as visitation care. However, some of the milder elderly were enrolled in nursing homes. And the service that does not fit the functional status of the elderly is used. Second, it is concentrated on the use of visiting care services. Third, elderly people outside the class did not receive sufficient help for daily life, and the use of community welfare services such as the elderly welfare center was low. As a result, long-term care admitters are not able to continue to live in the community even though their health and functioning status is mild, and elderly people out of grade are unable to properly use the necessary community care services. The condition is likely to deteriorate.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.36
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• pp.259-291
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• 2013

This article is to study the purpose and significance of Chongyoulun of Peiwei, and it is composed of the two parts of philosophy and critical mind. The critical mind on Chongyoulun is as follows: first, it is mis-interpretative to define the main thought of Laozi as Xuwu. Next, the old philosophers did not criticize Xuwuism properly; as a result, they failed to stop spreading Xuwuism. Last, Guiwulun brought about the disorder of the way of life and the collapse of the public order. Based on this critical mind, Peiwei built up the following philosophy based on You as the fundamental principle of the existence and the movement of universal nature. First, Tao is the combined Wanyou, not abstract substance which is outside of Wanyou. Second, Wu is the state of being without You, and You only comes from You. Third, You can survive depending on external You because You is not the independent substance. Therefore, understanding the external You is the main factor of its existence. Fourth, Wanyou do not harm each other as they get together since Wanyous are interdependent. People are the being who can live through the mutual dependent relationships; hence, social system and morals (ethics) are key factors of the world in the oncological point of view. Wanyou had tried to rebuild the corrupted way of life and public order by recovering the justification of moral orders based on the mutual dependence of Wanyou which is the substance character.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1988

In recent years, the presence of N-nitrosamine, which was produced by the interaction of nitrite and secondary amine, in the fermented foods has been the subject of considerable interest and controversy. In this experiment, the levels of N-nitrosamine such as N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine(NDEA) and N-nitrosodipropylamine(NDPA) in the Korean ordinary soysauce, which were added with ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and sodium benzoate in the making of it were analyzed by low resolution mass spectrometry, and then the changes of dimethylamine(DMA), nitrate and nitrite nitrogen during the fermentation of it were observed. The contents of DMA nitrogen increased during the fermentation of Korean ordinary soysauce, continuously, but those of DMA nitrogen in the soysauce which had been added with ascorbic acid were inhibited, considerably, until the fermentation of 70days. The levels of nitrate nitrogen during the fermentation of Korean ordinary soysauee decreased, while those of nitrite nitrogen increased. The soysauce which had been incoporated with ascorbic acid in the making of it showed low amounts of nitrite. The concentration of NDMA in the control sample were 2.7 and $8.5{\mu}g/kg$ after the fermentation of 30 and 60 days, respectively, those of NDMA increased during the fermentation of Korean ordinary soysauce, but NDEA and NDPA in all of the soysauce were not detected. The samples were treated with ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and sodium benzoate in the making of Korean ordinary soysauce were turn out to be effective in preventing the formation of NDMA. Inhibitive actions from food additives as above were, respectively, $82.2{\sim}87.0%$(ascorbic acid), $25.9{\sim}65.4%$(sorbic acid) an $13.2{\sim}63.5%$ (sodium benzoate) in comparison with control sample during the fermentation of Korean ordinary soysauce. NDMA contents were detected below $1.5{\mu}g/kg$ in the soysauce, which food additives were mixed to the pure NaCI in the brewing of it. Free amino acids such as glutamic acid, proline, and histidine were proved to be inhibiting the formation of NDMA during the fermentation of Korean ordinary soysauce. This might be due to the reaction above amino acids and nitrite by Van Slyke reaction.