• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3A
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

The present study applied the external post tensioning reinforcement method for reinforcing a non-ballast steel plate girder railway bridge, and the effects of the strength of tendons and the level of post-tensioning force on the dynamic behavior are experimented and analyzed. According to the results of this study, the natural frequency was increased by the strength of tendons but it was decreased by the rise of post-tensioning force and as a consequence the introduction of post-tensioning force decreased natural frequency slightly. It was analyzed that further study is need to establish the exact relations between post-tensioning force and natural frequency. In addition, it was found that the dynamic displacement, dynamic bending stress and vertical acceleration were decreased by the external post-tensioning. On the other hand, external post-tensioning increased horizontal acceleration by up to 20%, which was around 70% of vertical acceleration. This needs further study.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

This paper examines experimentally the ultimate behavior of I-type steel beam strengthened with external tendon and cylindrical anchorage and analyzes the strengthening effect on the parameters such as initial tendon force, eccentricity, number of strands, and strand areas. The experiment demonstrated that increasing the number of strands, strand areas and eccentricity is more effective than increasing initial tendon force. The proposed cylindrical anchorage system has advantages in applying these parameters. The results showed that the cylindrical anchorage system is efficient and applicable to strengthen steel beam.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2009

This study discusses attempt of utilizing the natural frequencies to evaluate the effective stress of post-tensioned, external tendon in field. This type of structure has distinct advantage of good accessibility of tendon, which is considered to be one of essential elements in entire bridge. Six tendons in single span of PSC bridge were applied. They were excited using an impact hammer and corresponding vibrations were measured using multiple accelerometers. The stiff string model in idealized conditions was used to evaluate the effective stress in tendons.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.5 s.57
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• pp.121-132
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• 2009

This paper introduces an experimental verification and a field application of the proposed technique using the combination of FEM and HGA about the loss prestressing force of an exteranl tendon by above same authors. The vibration tests have been conducted by using a laboratory models and the externally prestressed tendon at the field and the natural frequencies are extracted from the vibration tests. The proposed technique based on the extracted natural frequencies is applied. It is seen that the errors in the tension and lost prestressing force by proposed technique are about 4% from a laboratory model test. For the model verification at field, exact modeling has beem made with Rayleigh damping. It is seen that the error in the tension by proposed technique is less than 1% and the estimated lost prestressing force converges less than the exact value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.10 no.4 s.37
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• pp.701-708
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• 1998

The application of additional post-tensioning tendons has recently been widely considered and requires very little interference with the existing structure. Several bridges on the national roadway designed as the second class were strengthened by external post-tensioning for the capacity enhancement purpose, but much of that strengthening work was not verified analytically as well as experimentally. This paper examines experimentally the behavior of simple composite steel-concrete beams designed as the second class(DB-18) When they are strengthened with external post-tensioning tendon. Test results show that external post-tensioning increases the ultimate load and the magnitude of tendon force increases the yield load but not the ultimate load.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.163-172
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• 2011

The CFTA girder developed is a concrete filled steel tubular system with arched shape and external post-tensioning (PT) tendons which control the initial camber and the bending stress of the girder. In the present study the effects of the PT tendons on the dynamic behavior of the girder subjected to a moving vehicle load are numerically investigated. Various levels for the tendon quantity and the tendon forces are considered, using the existing FE model of the girder. The vehicle considered is a DB-24 truck and is modeled with two tracks-three axles. Equivalent-load pulse time histories are applied to each node to simulate the moving vehicle, depending on the time of arrival and the discretization. The vehicle speeds are varied from 40 km/hr to 100 km/hr with increment of 20 km/hr. The analysis results show that the tendon forces do not produce any influences on the dynamic responses of the girder. However the dymamic deflection of the girder increases when a smaller amount of tendons is used. The Dynamic Amplification Factors (DAF) are evaluated based on the static and dynamic responses. Much lower values of the DAF are obtained, even no tendons applied, than those provided by the design criteria of the AASHTO LRFD and the Korea Highway Standard Specification.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4A
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• pp.439-445
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• 2008

This paper suggests a modified bond reduction coefficient considering the average CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) strain concept for the unbonded prestressed CFRP plate strengthening system. The strengthened length and the pure bending length were seen to influence the variation of the strain of unbonded CFRP plate. Therefore, a new bond reduction coefficient considering such effect was suggested. Comparison with the experimental data revealed that the analytic results obtained by considering the proposed bond reduction coefficient were effective in estimating the strain of the unbonded CFRP plate in the CFRP plate prestressing system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.222-229
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• 2022

The extensive use of external prestressing system with PSC-I beam to strengthen reinforced and prestressed concrete members requires the full understanding of the behavior of the strengthened members. The main approach of this research was to experimentally investigate the flexural performance of the PSC-I beam considering external tendon and an equation was developed which indicated the produced incremental stress in the tendon due to applied load. Further, this equation was verified through performing static loading tests on two experimental specimens considering the presence or absence of external tendon. The test results revealed that, the flexural performance enhanced due to the use of external tendon. Moreover, the magnitude of the estimated flexural strength using proposed stress increasing equation almost coincides with the experimental test results. However, it was the evident of the improvement of the flexural performance of the system by reinforcing with the external tendon and also proved that the proposed equation was valid and effective.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.136-149
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• 2011

Large portion of the domestic bridges are slab bridges reflecting the geographical characteristic of the country, where exists lots of inclines and small winding brooks. Many of the slab bridges are damaged and superannuated as they become obsolete. Deterioration is accelerated when the traffic density becomes large and heavy vehicles pass frequently. A strengthening method for deteriorated slab bridges was studied in this work. The examined net-type strengthening method uses both longitudinal and transverse prestressing for strengthening. In this way, the deflection at the center of the slab can be better controlled, and consequently, the slab is more efficiently strengthened. Three slab specimens were fabricated for the experimental test and subjected to three different loading conditions, and the load bearing capacities and deflections of slabs were examined. Flexural stiffness of slabs increased by 30.7~107.3%, and deflection of slabs decreased by 27.6~52.2% after net-type strengthening. The net-type prestressing is efficient to the strengthening for the center of a slab, and its efficiency is also valid under eccentric loadings. Since extra prestress forces can be added in the future, if necessary, the net-type strengthening system is advantagous for the maintenance and repair of slab bridges.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2010

In this study, the optimal strengthening by micro genetic algorithm(${\mu}$-GA) method is proposed for improvement of load-carrying capacity of RC hollow slab bridges using external prestressing. The Qeen-post type and King-post type are considered for the optimal strengthening. The type for optimal strengthening, deviator, areas of tendons and the number of anchor are calculated by ${\mu}$-GA. The objective function is constituted with dimensionless cost of tendon and steel for optimal strengthening. The constraints are formulated by design specification for bridges and anchors. The validity of this study is presented by analysis of the results after the optimal strengthening of the RC hollow slab bridge.