• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.252-259
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• 2005

To clarify the clinicopathologic features of small-cell carcinomas (SCC) of the stomach, we reviewed three cases of surgically treated SCC. The first case was a pure SCC, with severe pancreatic invasion and peritoneal seeding. A gastro-jejunostomy was performed. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed with CDDP and VP-16 (8 cycles) but showed disease progression (PD); a consecutive chemotherapy with CDDP and irinotencan (2 cycles) also showed PD. A third line with CDDP, VP16, ifosfamide, and mesna was followed by a 4th line (CDDP and Taxol). The male patient died with liver metastasis and peritoneal seeding 14 months after the operation. The second case was a SCC mixed with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Profound lymphadenopathy and liver metastasis were found. Two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy with TS-1 and CDDP were performed, which showed nearly complete remission for lymphadenopathy and partial response for the primary tumor site and liver metastatic lesion. A total gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy was performed. There were no viable cancer cells in 35 retrieved lymph nodes. Postoperative chemotherapy using the same regimen was performed for 4 cycles. Enlarged liver metastasis was found at the follow-up CT scan, so a posterior segmentectomy of liver was performed. After liver surgery, the chemotherapy regimen was changed to irinotecan and cisplatin. This male patient has been in good health for the f4 months since gastric surgery. The third case was a pure SCC, and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed curatively. That male patient received 5 cycles of TS-1 and is still in good health 14 months after operation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Progesterone(P4) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of androgens and estrogens. Furthermore, P4 itself plays a crucial role in ovulation, atresia and luteinization, and is essential for the continuation of early pregnancy in all mammalian species. In spite of the hormone's physiological importance, the exact action mechanism(s) of P4 in mammalian ovary has not been fully understood yet. In this context, a decades-long controversy regarding the identity of receptors that mediate non-genomic, transcription-independent cellular responses to P4 is presently attracting huge scientific interests. P4 may exert its action in mammalian ovary by several ways: 1) the well-documented genomic pathway, involving hormone binding to so-called classic cytosolic receptor(PGR) and subsequent modulation of gene expression by the ligand-receptor complex as transcription factor. 2) pathways are operating that do not act on the genome, therefore refered to as non-genomic actions. The prominent characteristics of the non-genomic P4 actions are: (i) rapid, (ii) insensitive to transcription inhibitors, (iii) transduced by membrane associated molecules. In particular, the non-genomic P4 actions could be mediated by: (a) classic genomic P4 receptor(PGR) that localizes at or near the plasma membrane, (b) a family of membrane progestin receptors(MPR $\alpha$, MPR $\beta$ and MPR $\gamma$), (c) progesterone receptor membrane component I(PGRMC1), and (d) a membrane complex composed of serpine I mRNA binding protein(SERBP1). The present review summarized these rapid signaling pathways of P4 in the mammalian ovary.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2001

Purpose : This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods : From September 1989 to October 1996, 19 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma completed planned radiation therapy course. Stages were 1 in 2 patients, II in 6, III in 2 IV in 9 patients, respectively. Pathology was squamous cell carcinoma in 5 patients, undifferentiated cell carcinoma in 14 patients. Fourteen patients were treated with radiation therapy only. Five patients received chemotherapy. The follow-up period ranged from 5 months to 115 months with a median of 33 months. Follow-up was possible in all patients. Results : Responses to radiation therapy were complete response in 15 patients, partial response in 2, and no response in 2, respectively. Patterns of failure were as follows : locoregional recurrence in 6 patients and distant metastasis in 4 patients. The sites of distant metastasis were bone, liver and lung. Five year survival rate was $47.8\%$ and five year disease free survival rate was $48.1\%$. Stage, T-stage, N-stage, central nervous system involvement, pathology type, performance status, response, radiation dose, chemotherapy were not significant prognostic factors. Conclusion : 5-year survival rate was $47.8\%$ and 5-year disease free survival rate was $48.1\%$. The advances in radiation therapy techniques and chemotherapy are needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.759-766
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• 2006

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a myeloid leukemia caused by over-expression of fusion protein, PML/RAR$({\alpha})$, which was the result of chromosomal translocation and induces the blockage of differentiation of affected promyelocytes. Pharmacological dose of retinoic acid induces the activation of and subsequent degradation of PML/RAR$({\alpha})$ fusion protein, and then APL cells undergo through the normal differentiation pathway. Arsenic trioxide has proved effective in causing remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing apoptosis of this tumor cells, whereas the heterogeneity of cellular susceptibility to this cytotoxic agent limited its usage on more types of tumors in clinic. This work showed that arsenic trioxide could induce apoptosis of a panel of acute promyelocytic leukemic cell lines, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitive NB4 cells and ATRA resistant UF-1 cell. They were investigated with regard to the correlation between the inherent or intrinsic cellular level of GSH and the apoptotic susceptibility of the cells to arsenic trioxide. We manifested, in two cell types, the inherently existed difference in intracellular GSH level reactive to the arsenic trioxide, and a positive correlation between the GSH level and their apoptotic sensitivity to arsenic trioxide. And it showed that arsenic trioxide could differentiate promyelocytic cancer cells to the cells possessed of dendritic cell surface markers. Unravelling the cause of the different susceptibility between leukemic cells and proving that promyelocyte could be differentiated to dendritic cells by arsenic trioxide will help not only to understand the mechanism underlying the complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia induced by arsenic trioxide, but also to expand its clinical usage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 1998

Purpose : Radiotherapy has been the mainstay of the treatment of brain metastases. We evaluated the response rate, survival and prognostic factors of patients with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy for palliative purpose. Materials and Methods : From January 1994 through April 1997, in all 42 patients, a retrospective analysis was undertaken. Of these, 33 patients received whole brain irradiation with 30Gy in 10 daily fractions with or without a boost of 10Gy in 5 daily fractions to the site of solitary lesion. Nine patients failed to complete the planned treatment Results : Of 33 patients who finished radiotherapy, complete and partial response were observed in $4(12\%)$ patients and $22(67\%)$ ones, respectively. Overall response rate was $79\%$ and median survival was 4 months. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting survival were initial neurologic function class(p=0.0136), extracranial tumor activity(p=0.042), and response after radiotherapy(p=0.001). Conclusion : We confirmed that whole brain irradiation is the effective means for treating the patient with brain metastases. initial neurologic function class, extracranial tumor activity, and response alter radiotherapy were identified as prognostic factors affecting survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1985

63 patients who were irradiated with a goal of long term control among 101 patients with esophageal cancer seen during an 11 fears period between Jan, 1970 and Dec, 1980 at Yonsei Cancer Center in Seoul, Korea have retrospectively analysed. 52(82.5%) among the 63 Patients were confirmed to have epidermoid carcinoma in the histology. 46 cases(73.0%) except 17 cases of $T_1$, were locally or far advanced extension. Tumor dose of radical radiation in the management of esophageal cancer had delivered from 50 Gy to 74 Gys. 2 Gys daily fractions, between 5weeks and 8 weeks. After 1 month from the completion of radiation, 23 of the 63 patients had a repeat barium esophagogram for the assessment of tumor response, there had showed 7 cases of complete response and 15 cases of partial response. 45(71.4%) patients were followed up and the remaining 18 patients were lost to follow-up within 1 year after the completion of irradiation. Actuarial overall 3 and 5 years survival rate of all 63 Patients were 11.8% and 8.8%, respectively. The actuarial 3 and 5 years survival rates of 17 cases of $T_1$, esophageal cancer were 24.7% and 20.8%. Statistically, there was no significant difference in survival rate according to tumor location (p>0.05). Radical Radiotherapy, Esophageal Cancer

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 1991

This is a retrospective study of 62 patients with unresected squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated by radiotherapy alone (25 patients) or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (37 patients). Of these, 14 of 25 patients treated by radiation therapy alone and 25 of 37 patients treated by combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy completed radiotherapy consisting of 55 to 60 Gy in 5 to 6 weeks and were analyzed for local control rate and survival rate. Follow up ranged from 6 days to 58 months. Three ($8\%$) of 39 patients had a complete response, twenty-eight ($72\%$) a partial response and eight ($20\%$) minimal or no response. Overall median survival was 11 months for all stages. The 1 year and 2 year actuarial survival rates were $48.6\%$ and $13\%$ respectively. Age and stage had prognostic significances (p <0.05, p<0.05 respectively). The 1 year survival rate was $70.1\%$ for stage I, $47.6\%$ for stage II, and $28.4\%$ for stage III. The median survival was 19 months for stage I, 11 months for stage II, 6 months for stage III, and 5.5 months for stage III with distant metastases. The 1 year survival rate of patients 55 years and above was $69.6\%$, 54 years and below was $0\%$. There was no significant difference in survival rate between treatment modalities, locations of tumor, and responses of tumor.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 2019

Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis is due to the intravenous administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride to treat hypocalcemia. The arthors report three cases of calcinosis cutis with calcifications involving the upper or lower extremities in neonates following the extravasation of calcium gluconate. Three neonates, a 2-week-old girl, 4-week-old boy, and a 4-week-old girl, were consulted for indurated nodules after the intravenous administration of calcium gluconate at the intensive care unit. Complete remission of palpable nodule and calcification was observed on the radiograph at three weeks, four weeks and six months after the initial presentation in each. All three neonates with iatrogenic calcinosis curtis were resolved spontaneously without functional and cosmetic complications. According to enhancement of the patient's cognition about benign disease, a suitable explanation of the disease and avoiding unnecessary treatment through an early diagnosis of iatrogenic calcinosis cutis will reduce a number of potential medical malpractice disputes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 1995

$^{131}I$-metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG) has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of neural crest tumors. We report our experience with this agent in 8 patients[1 multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) type IIb; 2 malignant pheochromocytoma; 5 medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC)]. The therapeutic procedure consisted of 30-200 mCi of $^{131}I-MIBG$ administered by slow I.V. infusion, given at 3-6 months intervals. Commutative activity ranged from 150 mCi to 410 mCi, in 1 to 4 courses. $^{131}I-MIBG$ therapy resulted in significant disease free interval in 1 malignant pheochromocytoma(no measurable lesion) after surgery; complete hormonal and tumoral response in 2 MTC(1 MEN IIb): stable disease in 1 recurred pheochromocytoma(MEN IIb): stable disease but symptomatic improvement in 1 MTC, progressive disease in 1 malignant pheochromocytoma and 2 MTC. The patients who showed progression appeared to have large inoperable tumors or postoperative remnant tumors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.230-236
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: To analyze the response, toxicity, patterns of failure and survival rate of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Twenty-three patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received radical chemoradiotherapy from October 1999 to September 2004 were included in this retrospective study. Patients received total $55.4{\sim}64.8$ (median 64.8) Gy (daily 1.8 Gy per fraction, 5 days per weeks) over $7{\sim}8$ weeks. 50 or $60\;mg/m^2$ of paclitaxel was administered on day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 of radiotherapy. Four weeks after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy, three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel $135\;mg/m^2$ and cisplatin $75\;mg/m^2$ was administered every 3 weeks. $\underline{Results}$: Of the 23 patients, 3 patients refused to receive the treatment during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. One patient died of bacterial pneumonia during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Grade 2 radiation esophagitis was observed in 4 patients (17%). Sixteen patients received consolidation chemotherapy. During the consolidation chemotherapy, 8 patients (50%) experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and one of those patients died of neutropenic sepsis. Overall response rate for 20 evaluable patients was 90% including 4 complete responses (20%) and 14 partial responses (70%). Among 18 responders, 9 had local failure, 3 had local and distant failure and 2 had distant failure only. Median progression-free survival time was 9.5 months and 2-year progression-free survival rate was 19%. Eleven patients received second-line or third-line chemotherapy after the treatment failure. The median overall survival time was 21 months. 2-year and 5-year survival rate were 43% and 33%, respectively. Age, performance status, tumor size were significant prognostic factors for progression-free survival. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel revealed high response rate and low toxicity rate. But local failure occurred frequently after the remission and large tumor size was a poor prognostic factor. Further investigations are needed to improve the local control.