• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.40-52
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• 2022

This study analyzed the amount of carbon dioxide reduction and economic benefits of detailed processes of CO₂ 6,000 tons plant facilities with mineral carbonation technology using carbon dioxide and coal materials emitted from domestic circulating fluidized bed combustion power plants. Coal ash reacted with carbon dioxide through carbon mineralization facilities is produced as a complex carbonate and used as a construction material, accompanied by a greenhouse gas reduction. In addition, it is possible to generate profits from the sales of complex carbonates and carbon credits produced in the process. The actual carbon dioxide reduction per ton of complex carbonate production was calculated as 45.8 kgCO₂eq, and the annual carbon dioxide reduction was calculated as 805.3 tonCO₂, and the benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio) is 1.04, the internal rate return (IRR) is 10.65 % and the net present value (NPV) is KRW 24,713,465 won, which is considered economical. Carbon mineralization technology is one of the best solutions to reduce carbon dioxide considering future carbon dioxide reduction and economic potential.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2019

Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a promising technology for $CO_2$ capture with a benefit of improving power plant efficiency compared with atmospheric oxy-fuel combustion. Prior to $CO_2$ compression in this process, a flue gas condenser (FGC) is used to remove $H_2O$ while recovering the latent heat. At the same time, the FGC has a potential for high-efficiency removal of $SO_x$ and $NO_x$ by exploiting their good solubility in water. In this study, experiments were carried out in a lab-scale, direct contact FGC under different pressures varying between 1 and 20 bar to evaluate the removal efficiency of $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ for individual gases and their mixture. In the tests for individual gases, 20% and 76% of $NO_x$ was removed at 1 bar and 10 bar, respectively. Even higher removal efficiencies were achieved for $SO_2$, and also these were maintained for longer as the pressure increased. In the tests for $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ mixture, the removal efficiency of $NO_x$ increased from 13% at 1 bar to 56% at 20 bar because of higher solubility at elevated pressures. $SO_2$ in the mixture was initially dissolved almost completely and then increased by 1,219 ppm at 1 bar and by 165 ppm at 20 bar. Overall, the removal efficiency of $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ was increased at elevated pressures, but it was lower in the mixture compared with individual gases at identical conditions because of a lower pH and associated chemical reactions in water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1173-1178
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• 2012

Water competition among domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors has been gradually heightened recently in Korea as the lack of water supply is expected in the near future. About 46% of nation's water use is consumed in paddy farming to produce rice. And the conservation of water resource and quality in agricultural sector is a pending issue in the nation's long term water management plan. New paddy rice farming techniques that use significantly less irrigation water are urgently required. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that is now well known to produce more rice with less water consumption has not been tried in Korea yet. And environmental effect of SRI on greenhouse gases (GHGs) has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of SRI on GHGs as well as water use and rice yield in a Korean paddy condition. Three experimental runoff plots $5{\times}15m$ in size were prepared at an existing paddy field. Runoff, GHGs emission and water quality were measured during the 2011 growing seasons while a Japonica rice variety was cultivated. Rice plants grew better and healthier in SRI plots than in continuously flooded (CF) and intermittently drained (ID) plots. Rice yield from SRI plots increased 112.8 (ID)~116.1 (CF)% compared with CF and ID plots. Irrigation requirement of SRI plots compared to CF plot reduced by 52.6% and ID plot reduced by 62.0%, meaning that about 37.9~47.4% of irrigation water could be saved. GHGs emission from SRI plots reduced by 71.8% compared to that from CF plot and by 18.4% compared to that from ID plot, meaning that SRI could help contribute to ease the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. It was believed that SRI is a promising paddy farming technique that could increase rice yield, and reduce irrigation water requirement and GHGs emission not just in Korea but also other rice farming countries all over the world. However, it was recommended that long term studies under different conditions including rice variety, soil texture, water source, climate need to be conducted for reliable data for the development of environmental policies related to GHGs emission control and management.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2015

Oxy gasification was performed for the production of high quality syngas from the waste. $CO_2$ was used as reactant with $O_2$ for $CO_2$ gasification and greenhouse gas reduction. Therefore, gasification was performed at high temperature of $1000-1400^{\circ}C$. RPF was gasified in the thermobalance and 0.5 ton/day pilot plant gasifier. Weight variation with temperature and CO production by Boudouard reaction were studied for $CO_2$ gasification of RPF in thermobalance reactor. Syngas of high $H_2$ concentration was produced from oxy gasification in 0.5 ton/day pilot system, which showed appropriate $H_2$/CO ratio for the production of transport fuel and chemical products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2015

Carbon dioxide was designated as one of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Among various ways to solve the $CO_2$ emission issue, the 3rd-generation biomass (algae) production is considered as a viable method to reduce $CO_2$ in the atmosphere. In this research, we propose a design of an innovative sustainable production system by utilizing the 3rd generation biomass in the environment of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Existing biomass production systems depend on the solar energy and they cannot continue producing biomass at night. Electricity produced from offshore wind farms also need an efficient way to store the energy through energy storage system (ESS) or deliver it real-time through power grid, both requiring heavy investment of capital. Thus, we design an offshore grid structure harnessing LED lights to supply the necessary light energy, by using the electricity produced from the wind farm, resulting in the maximized production of biomass and efficient use of wind farm energy. The final design integrates the biomass production system enhanced by LED lights with a wind power generation. The suggested NLP model for the optimal design, implemented in GAMS, would be useful for designing improved offshore biomass production systems combined with the wind farm.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2022

The government promotes the 2050 carbon-neutral policy. Therefore, the concern to convert livestock manure into energy is increasing for the reduction of greenhouse gases generated in the livestock industry sector. In this study, the economic feasibility of the livestock manure solid fuel power generation facility, which is a major consumer of livestock manure solid fuel, was assessed to expand the demand for livestock manure solid fuel. The production cost of livestock manure solid fuel showed the lowest production cost of 97.4 thousand won/ton when dried using solid fuel at a 200 ton/day scale bio-drying facility. The livestock manure solid fuel power generation facility showed economic feasibility at a REC weight of 1.5 in the case of the bio-drying facility, so it was necessary to set a REC weight of 1.5 or more to expand the demand for livestock manure solid fuel. The conversion of livestock manure into solid fuel has various environmental benefits, such as the reduction of greenhouse gases and the effect of reducing non-point pollutants in the water system. Therefore, in order to expand livestock manure solid fuel production facility, it was required to review the feasibility including various environmental benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.962-973
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• 2017

Concerns about an air pollution are gradually increasing at home and abroad. The automotive and fuel researchers are trying to reduce emissions and greenhouse gases of vehicles through a research on new engine designs and innovative after-treatment systems using clean fuels (eco-alternative fuel) and fuel quality improvements. In this paper, we stduy the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases on seven vehicles using gasoline, diesel, and LPG by legal test mode in domestic and abroad.(Urban mode, Highway mode, rapidly acceleration and deceleration, using air conditioner, low temperature condition) Regardless of fuels, most of the greenhouse gases tend to show the worst results in cold FTP-75 mode. In the case of A vehicles (2.0 MPI) and B vehicles (2.4 GDI) using a gasoline fuel, the factors that increase greenhouse gases are in order of a rapidly acceleration and deceleration, using air conditioner, low temperature condition. But G vehicles(LPLi) have different emission characteristics from another vehicles. In the case of A vehicles (2.0 w/o DPF) and B vehicles (2.2 with DPF) using a diesel fuel, the factors that increase greenhouse gases are in order of a rapidly acceleration and deceleration, using air conditioner, low temperature condition. However, the factor of F vehicles are in order of low temperature condition, using air conditioner, rapidly acceleration and deceleration. In conclusion, it will be an effective method to apply different technologies of emission reduction for each fuel.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.129.1-129.1
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• 2011

최근 급격한 경제성장과 고도 산업사회로의 전환에 따라 에너지 수요가 크게 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 석유, 가스 등 화석에너지의 소비량과 온실가스 배출량이 급격히 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 화석에너지의 소비와 온실가스 배출을 저감시키기 위해 친환경적인 에너지를 이용하기 위한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이와 같은 노력 중 하나가 바로 태양열에너지를 이용하는 방법이다. 태양열에너지는 자원 고갈의 우려가 없고, 에너지의 이용 과정에서 공해 물질을 배출하지 않아 대체 에너지원으로 각광을 받고 있다. 하지만 에너지 밀도가 낮고 에너지의 공급이 기상조건에 따라 큰 영향을 받으므로 태양열에너지를 이용하기 위해서는 효율적인 집열시스템이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우수한 열적특성을 가진 탄소나노유체를 히트파이프 작동유체에 적용하여, 태양열 집열기의 효율을 향상시키기 위해 탄소나노유체의 열전도도 및 점도특성을 비교분석하였다. 나노유체는 에탄올에 산화 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(Oxidized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes, OMWCNTs)를 혼합하고, 초음파 분산하여 제조하였다. 에탄올-산화탄소나노유체의 열전도도와 점도는 저온($10^{\circ}C$), 상온($25^{\circ}C$), 고온($70^{\circ}C$)에서 측정하여 비교분석하였으며, 열전도도는 전기 전도성 유체의 비정상 열선법(Transient Hot-wire Method)을 이용하여 측정하였고, 점도는 회전형 디지털 점도계를 이용하였다. 실험 결과 0.1 vol%의 에탄올-산화탄소나노유체의 열전도도는 기본 유체 대비 33.72%($10^{\circ}C$), 33.14%($25^{\circ}C$), 32.26%($70^{\circ}C$)가 향상되었으며, 점도 또한 기본유체보다 크게 증가하지 않아 히트파이프 작동유체로서 우수한 효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 태양열 집열기 히트파이프의 효율 향상을 위한 기초자료로써 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이라 판단된다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.309-317
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• 2010

CCS (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) is a means of mitigating the contribution of $CO_2$ to the Greenhouse gas, from large point sources such as power plants and steel companies. CCS is a process whereby $CO_2$ is captured from gases produced by fossil fuel combustion, compressed, transported and injected into deep geologic formations for permanent storage. CCS applied to a conventional power plant can reduce $CO_2$ emissions to the atmosphere by approximately 80~90% compared to a plant without CCS. The IPCC estimates that the economic potential of CCS will be between 10% and 55% of the total carbon mitigation effort by year 2100. In this paper, overseas sites where CCS technology is being applied and technical development trends for CCS are briefly reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.382-388
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• 2017

In response to the global warming crisis, the Kyoto protocol was established by major developed countries in 1997. The Paris Agreement, which imposes a carbon reduction obligation for both developed countries and developing countries, was signed in 2015. Regulations and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions accordingly have been implemented. In this study, we analyzed the reduction of carbon emissions computerizing of the traditional project management system for efficient railway construction at Korea Rail Network Authority. We suggest a model that measures two major effects of carbon reduction, stemming from transportation and from a decrease of paper use. In this paper, we calculate the amount of carbon reduction and the economic effect of carbon reduction with application of the construction project management system at Korea Rail Network Authority. The model and methodology in this study are expected to be helpful to measure the carbon reduction performance for similar e-transformation.