• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2008

Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the waste sector is important to evaluating measures for reduction of GHG emissions. To forecast GHG emissions and identify potential emission reduction for GHG emissions, scenarios applied with environmental policy such as waste reduction and structural change of waste treatment were developed. Scenario I estimated GHG emissions under the business as usual (BAU) baseline. Scenario II estimated GHG emissions with the application of the waste reduction policy while scenario III was based on the policy of structural change of waste treatment. Scenario IV was based on both the policies of waste reduction and structural change of waste treatment. As for the different scenarios, GHG emissions were highest under scenarios III, followed by scenarios IV, I, and II. In particular, GHG emissions increased under scenario III due to the increased GHG emissions from the enhanced waste incineration due to the structural change of waste treatment. This result indicated that the waste reduction is the primary policy for GHG reduction from waste. GHG emission from landfill was higher compared to those from incineration. However, the contribution of GHG emission from incineration increased under scenario III and IV. This indicated that more attention should be paid to the waste treatment for incineration to reduce GHG emissions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.72-82
• /
• 2015

We constructed greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution (AP) integrated sink/emission inventories and evaluated the environmental value for the vegetation sector in Seoul during year 2010. The data of vegetation, classified into four sectors of cultivated land, forest land, park and street tree, were obtained from Statistics Korea and Seoul City. Based on the previous studies, only $CO_2$ was chosen as GHG sink by vegetation. $NO_2$ and $SO_2$ were chosen as AP sink by vegetation, while isoprene, monoterpene, other VOC (OVOC) and NH3 were chosen as AP emission from vegetation. Estimation methodology and sink/emission factors were gathered from reports and published literatures. Estimated GHG sink by vegetation during year 2010 was 12,987,173 $tonCO_{2eq}$, of which approximately 1/4 was from pure vegetation and the remaining 3/4 from vegetation soil. AP sink and emission were estimated to be 23,309 tonAP and 2,629,797 tonAP, respectively. The analysis by administrative districts in Seoul revealed that among 25 districts, Seocho-gu, Nowon-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, Gwanak-gu and Gangbuk-gu were the major districts in GHG and AP sink/emission inventories for vegetation sector. Environmental value of vegetation as a function of GHG and AP sink, was estimated as 800 billion won, corresponding to 5% of the total cost of the forest land in Korea evaluated as a public function.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2007

국제 원유가의 지속적인 상승에 따라 화석연료 고갈을 대비한 대체에너지 및 온실가스배출 감소를 위하여 바이오연료의 시용 및 상용보급은 전세계적인 추세이다. 우리나라의 경우 바이오디젤은 2002년부터 시범보급사업(Demonstration & disseminatio을 거쳐 2000년 7월부터 전국주유소를 통하여 경유 중에 바이오디젤 0.5%를 혼합한 BD0.5를 수송용 연료로 도입하여 아시아 최초로 상용보급화를 시행하고 있다. 또한 휘발유 중 바이오에탄올 혼합 연료유 도입을 위한 실증평가연구를 2006년 8월부터 2008년 7월까지 수행중이다. 자동차용 휘발유의 옥탄가 향상을 위해 함산소 기재로 사용되는 MTBE(Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)를 바이오에탄올로 대체한 바이오에탄올 혼합연료유는 수분 혼입에 의한 상 분리(Phase separation)와 금속에 대한 부식성 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있다. 바이오에탄올을 서브옥란가솔린(Sub-octane gasoline)에 혼합하여 상 분리 모사실험, 금속류 부식시험, 고무류 침지실험 등 다양한 품질특성평가를 수행하였으며, 이런 결과들을 바탕으로 국내실정에 알맞은 최적의 혼합량(E3, E5)을 도출하였다. 또한 전국에 4개 시범주유소를 운영하여 바이오에탄올 혼합 연료유의 유통 및 보급을 통해 최적의 유통인프라(Distribution infrastructure) 보완 및 구축 방안을 도출 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.325-338
• /
• 2012

Currently, there are the technologically urgent needs of fabricating the hyper coal (HC) based on the approach to extracting mainly effective organics from low rank coals (LRCs), because some industrial countries pursue global sustainability dealing with hot issues such as local energy supply security as well as global warming. In this study, as of the fabrication of clean HCs via LRCs upgrading, we comprehensively review the R&D status of two solvent extraction technologies, namely, Ohm heating (OH) and microwave irradiation (MI) extraction processes on the basis of the performance indicator such as a HC extraction yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2017

The concern on the greenhouse gas emissions is increasing globally. Especially, the greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancun Agreements Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Furthermore, the Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 5.2% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries has not been executed much. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as the first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from the major coastal fisheries such as coastal gillnet fishery, coastal dual purpose fishery, coastal pots fishery and coastal small scale stow net fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from the fisheries using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the unit weight of fishes are also calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2017

The equations and emission factors for estimating national GHGs are developed based on IPCC guidelines. The GHGs on livestock sector has been calculated using methodologies following 1996 IPCC guideline in South Korea although 2006 IPCC guideline was announced in 2006. The purpose of this study is to understand the implications of guideline updates for national GHGs changes in the livestock sector and analyze the effect of regional major livestock characteristics using KOSTAT time series data (1990 ~ 2014). The results show a new guideline makes GHGs reduce in the livestock sector up to 11 % with subdivided emission factors and the livestock characteristics affect regional GHGs. Gyeonggi-do, the top emitter among 16 states, records 784 thousand tons $CO_2eq.$ and Daejeon has the highest potential (82 %) of GHGs reduction. Swine is the most contributor for regional GHGs except Seoul and Gwangju, but the share of GHGs for chickens is less than 12 % in spite of the largest livestock population (87 %).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2008

We developed emission factors for alternative fuels used in cement industries in Korea and also estimated reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) by the use of alternative fuels. Emission factors for GHG of waste tire, waste plastic, waste oil and RDF were estimated to be about 89, 78, 77 and 95 ton $CO_2$/TJ respectively. When compared with previous studies, most of the results showed similar trends. The calorific value estimation and elemental analysis for energy source were implemented in order to estimate the exact emission factors and the reduction of GHG emissions using alternative fuel. In the case of 'A' company, $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 4% lower than that of bituminous coal only. Also in case of company 'B', $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 1.4% lower than that of only bituminous coal. In Germany and Japan, alternative fuel is not regarded to be fuel consumption in cement industry. When applying this rule, the emission reductions were about 4.3% for company 'A' and 6.3% for company 'B'. The results of this study may be considered as a useful information for developing strategies in reducing GHG emissions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.303-316
• /
• 2015

The relationship between urban spatial structures and GHG-AP integrated emissions was investigated by statistically analyzing those from 25 administrative districts of Seoul. Urban spatial structures, of which data were obtained from Seoul statistics yearbook, were classified into five categories of city development, residence, environment, traffic and economy. They were further classified into 10 components of local area, population, number of households, residential area, forest area, park area, registered vehicles, road area, number of businesses and total local taxes. GHG-AP integrated emissions were estimated based on IPCC(intergovernmental panel on climate change) 2006 guidelines, guideline for government greenhouse inventories, EPA AP-42(compilation of air pollutant emission factors) and preliminary studies. The result of statistical analysis indicated that GHG-AP integrated emissions were significantly correlated with urban spatial structures. The correlation analysis results showed that registered vehicles for GHG (r=0.803, p<0.01), forest area for AP (r=0.996, p<0.01), and park area for AP (r=0.889, p<0.01) were highly significant. From the factor analysis, three groups such as city and traffic categories, economy category and environment category were identified to be the governing factors controlling GHG-AP emissions. The multiple regression analysis also represented that the most influencing factors on GHG-AP emissions were categories of traffic and environment. 25 administrative districts of Seoul were clustered into six groups, of which each has similar characteristics of urban spatial structures and GHG-AP integrated emissions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.1701-1710
• /
• 2012

Recently, it has been found that it is important to use a smart grid to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide. A smart grid is a digitally enabled electrical grid that gathers, distributes, and acts on information regarding the behavior of all participants (suppliers and consumers) to improve the efficiency, importance, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity services. The smart grid technology uses two-way communication, where users can monitor and limit the electricity consumption of their home appliances in real time. Likewise, power companies can monitor and limit the electricity consumption of home appliances for stabilization of the electricity supply. However, if information regarding the measured electricity consumption of a user is leaked, serious privacy issues may arise, as such information may be used as a source of data mining of the electricity consumption patterns or life cycles of home residents. In this paper, we propose a data transaction protocol for privacy protection in a smart grid. In addition, a power company cannot decrypt an encrypted home appliance ID without the user's password.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.81-82
• /
• 2010

Emerging global economic growth and increasing demand for energy supply and demand imbalance and the excessive use of fossil fuels existing the rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion of global energy crisis is deepening. Accordingly, improvement of living conditions around and through the natural ecological preservation and the need for a comfortable life for the meeting the importance of energy management and consumption are emerging. Many in the field of architecture for energy-saving measures, and conducting research and verify green building energy ratings and low energy for the initial steps that can be verified from the Energy Performance of BIM(Building Information Model) technology development and commercialization of the building energy to predict the performance objectively, leverages technology in an existing building energy performance analysis and possibilities of BIM-based green building process presented. In this study, using BIM for existing building energy performance analysis of data collected through the objective and efficient management of the energy it consumes Mapping and Management Plan is to research on.