• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of air-circulation fans on air temperature and relative humidity in a single-span tomato greenhouse (W: 7m, L: 25m, H: 3.2m). According to standard of fan layout by ASAE (1997), a total of 10 fans were bilaterally arranged in 2 rows in the experimental greenhouse. The distributions of air temperature and relative humidity were measured from 6 pm to 8 am under different conditions, with and without fans. The measurement heights were 0.7m, 1.7m and 2.7m. Under the condition of "fans off", the spatial differences of air temperature and relative humidity between upper and lower sides were $1.7^{\circ}C$ and 10.8%, respectively. The operation of 10 fans showed their differences to $0.1^{\circ}C$ and 3.2%. The number of fans and installation direction were evaluated their performance on reducing the spatial variation of air temperature and relative humidity. The experimental layouts were 5 and fans in 2 rows (bilaterally) and 10 fans in the one (same) direction. Under the condition of "6 fans on" and "5 fans on", the spatial differences of air temperature and relative humidity between upper and lower side were $0.3^{\circ}C$, 3.4% and $0.3^{\circ}C$ and 4.0%. The operation of 10 fans in the one direction reduced their differences to $0.5^{\circ}C$ and 4.9%. The overall findings of this study showed that there was no significant differences under each condition. Therefore, this study suggested that it is more economic and effective to install five fans in 2 rows (bilaterally) in the greenhouse (W: 7m, L: 25m, H: 3.2m).

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2022

In this paper, research was conducted to prevent various safety accidents that may occur from infant vehicles carrying children and to use infant vehicles easier. In order to prevent the infant vehicle from driving without protection, a brake function is mounted on the infant vehicle wheels using a pressure sensor and a sub motor, and a pressure sensor and an LCD are used to determine whether a seat belt is fastened to prevent the infant from falling from the infant vehicle. In addition, it is designed to turn on the warning light when exceeding a certain temperature and humidity using LCD and LED so that infants can be in a pleasant environment when using a baby vehicle.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of side vent heights on temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the single-span plastic greenhouse (W: 7 m, L: 40 m H: 3.9 m) during natural ventilation. Four different heights (120, 100, 80, 60 cm) of the side vent were used as an experimental condition. Variations of temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse and the differences between heights were compared by using one-way ANOVA. In the daytime, the difference in temperature between inside and outside the greenhouse was dropped from 14.0℃ to 7.1℃ as the side vent height increased. The temperature difference in the nighttime was less than 0.2℃ regardless of the height. One-way ANOVA on the temperature difference between heights presented that the statistical significance was founded between all of the combinations of height in the daytime. The difference in relative humidity between inside and outside the greenhouse was grown from -13.8% to -22.2% with a decrease in the side vent height. The humidity difference in the nighttime was less than 1% regardless of the height. One-way ANOVA on the humidity difference revealed that most of the side vent heights showed significance in the daytime but between 100 and 80 cm was not significant. It seemed because the external air became cooler during the experiment with a height of 80 cm. Conclusively, this study empirically demonstrated that the higher side vents resulted in the decrease of differences in temperature and relative humidity between inside and outside the greenhouse, and also the effect of side vent height was statistically significant. This study may be helpful for deciding the height of the side vent effective for controlling temperature and relative humidity in a single-span greenhouse during natural ventilation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.12b
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• pp.540-542
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• 2011

본 논문은 결로 방지 기능을 가진 배전반 개발을 위해 다양한 온습도 환경 조건에서 결로의 생성 및 제거에 관한 특성을 파악하였다. 획득된 결과는 외부 온도변화에 따라 배전반 내부의 온도도 변화되며, 내외부의 온도차는 일정한 차이를 나타내었다. 결로 생성의 특성은 초기에는 미세한 분무상에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 주위 물방울들과 결합하여 성장하며, 최종적으로는 표면장력이 작용하지만 중력에 의해 하부로 처지면서 떨어지는 과정으로 진행되었다. 또한 히터 등으로 결로 생성조건을 파괴시키면 생성시와 동일한 온습도 조건이 유지되어도 결로는 제거되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2365-2366
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• 2004

Bio Technology 산업의 활성화에 따라 종자, 백신 등의 체계적인 배양 및 보관기술에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 종자 및 백신의 배양에 사용되는 시스템들은 연구의 중요성에 비해 낙후된 기술들이 적용되고 있어 정확한 데이터의 계측이 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자동화 및 계측시스템에 다수 보급되어 있는 LabView를 이용하여 배양시스템에 적합한 온습도 계측 시스템을 설계하고 구축하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze thermal sensation which is measured by human physioclimatic reactions in South Korea. Relationships between Temperature-Humidity Index(THI) and human thermal sensation scale are derived from a questionnaire, which investigates degree of volunteer's thermal sensation with respect to each biometeorological condition. Analyses of these empirical relationships make it possible to calculate thermal sensational indices and to classify bioclimatic types for individual weather stations based on long-term(1971-2000) averages of monthly temperature and humidity data. A generalized annual physioclimatic maps for each Annual Cumulative Thermal Sensation Index for the 68 stations are constructed to show men tend to feel in various areas. The Monthly thermal sensations are affected by latitude, altitude, orographic effects and systems of airmasses. The Annual Cumulative Thermal sensations are increasing towards northern areas and inland, and that the major factors are largely derived from cold stress in winter. The Annual Physioclimatic Types are grouped 8 climatic types(M, ES, M-ES, M-S, W-ES, C-ES, C-M, C-M-ES) according to climatic stress. Results of this study can be applied for evaluation of thermal environment in our daily activities, and for searching relevant sports training-sites, climatherapy etc.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of fog cooling during daytime and heatpump cooling at night in greenhouses in summer. During daytime, the average temp. and RH of the control greenhouse which had shading screen were 32.1℃ and 59.4%. and the average temp. and RH of the test greenhouse which had fog cooling were 30.0℃ and 74.3%. At this time, the average outside temp. and RH were 31.4℃ and 57.7%. So, the temp. of the control was 0.7℃ higher than outside temp., but the temp. of the test was 1.4℃ lower than outside and 2.1℃ lower than control. The average RH was 74.3% in the test and 59.4% in control. The average temp. and RH of the control greenhouse which had natural ventilation at night were 25.2℃ and 85.1%, and the average temp. and RH of the test greenhouse which had heat pump cooling were 23.4℃, 82.4%. The average outside temp. and RH at night were 24.4℃ and 88.2%. The temp. of the control was 0.8℃ higher than outside temp., but the temp. of the test was 1.0℃ lower than outside and 1.8℃ lower than control. The average RH was 82.4% in test and 85.1% in control greenhouse. There was no significant difference between the plants growth eight weeks after planting. But after the cooling treatment, the values of stem diameter, plant height, chlorophyll in test were higher than control. The total yield was 81.3kg in test, 73.8kg in control, so yield of test was 10.2% higher than control. As a result of economic analysis, 142,166 won in profits occurred in control greenhouse, but 28,727 won in losses occurred in test greenhouse, indicating that cooling treatment was less economical.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

A survey on the actual state of heating, cooling, ventilation, and air-flow and experimental measurement of temperature and humidity distribution in tomato greenhouse were performed to provide fundamental data required in the development of air-flow control technology. In single-span plastic houses, which account for most of 136 tomato greenhouses surveyed, roof windows, ventilation and air-flow fans were installed in a low rate, and installation specs of those facilities showed a very large deviation. There were no farms installed greenhouse cooling facilities. In the hot air heating system, which account for most of heating type, installation specs of hot air duct showed also a large deviation. The exhaust air temperature and wind speed in hot air duct also were measured to have a big difference depending on the distance from the heater. We are using the maximum difference as indicator to determine whether temperature distribution is uniform. However if the temperature slope is not identical in greenhouse, it can't represent the uniformity. We analyzed relation between the maximum difference and the uniformity of temperature and humidity distribution. The uniformity was calculated using the mean and standard deviation of data from 12 measuring points. They showed high correlation but were represented differently by linear in the daytime and quadratic in the nighttime. It could see that the uniformity of temperature and humidity distribution was much different according to greenhouse type and heating method. The installation guidelines for ventilation and air-flow fan, the spread of greenhouse cooling technology for year-round stable production, and improvement of air duct and heating system, etc. are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.663-664
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• 2020

안전함과 편리함을 추구하는 현대 사회에서 사람들은 각종 스마트기기에 가까워져 있다. 휴식을 취하는 가정에서도 역시 사람들은 스마트폰과 각종 웨어러블 기기가 일상이 되었고, 가전제품 또한 사물 인터넷화되며 사람들의 편의성에 보탬이 된다. 본 논문에서는 다가오는 4차산업혁명인 사물인터넷에 다가가는 주제를 선정하였고, 사람들이 가정에서 휴식을 취할 때 온습도, 미세먼지 농도를 사용자 지정 값에 의하여 자동 환기하여 쾌적한 환경 조성에 도움을 준다. 모든 측정값은 가정 내에서 블루투스 통신을 통해 결과를 표시하도록 하였다. 그리고 부하의 전원과도 연결하여 손쉽게 전원제어 역시 원격으로 가능하도록 구현하였다. 또한, 외출 시 가스 누출 사고와 화재 발생을 와이파이 통신 환경을 통해 원격으로 앱에 경보를 제시하고 누출된 측정값을 도식하면서 큰 2차 피해로 이어지기 전에 초동조치가 가능하도록 설계하였다. 사용자의 편의와 안전성을 주제로, 사람들에게 유익한 기능을 제공하고 앞으로의 4차산업혁명인 사물인터넷과의 연계 역시 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to compare and analyze air temperature and humidity distribution and energy consumptions according to using air circulation fans in single-span greenhouses. The greenhouses located in Cheongnam-myeon, Cheongyang-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. There were cherry tomatoes in the greenhouses and the size of greenhouses was as follows;ridge height : 3.2 m, wide : 6 m, length : 95 m. The heating system was composed of a hot-water boiler and 6 FCUs(Fan Coil Unit)-4 FCUs were on bottom with duct and 2 FCUs were installed at 2.0 m. A total of 18 air circulation fans(impeller's diameter : 230 mm) were bilaterally arranged in 2 rows in the experimental greenhouse. The sensors for measuring air temperature and humidity were located at a quarter and three quarters of a length. The height of sensors were 0.8 m, 1.8 m. To calculate energy consumption in greenhouses, water temperature at inlet and outlet in a water pump, volume of water were measured. Form February 3rd to March 23th, temperature, humidity and energy consumptions were measured during heating time(6pm~7am). In a greenhouse without fans, the average differences of temperature and humidity were $0.75^{\circ}C$, 2.31%, respectively. The operation of fans showed their differences to $0.42^{\circ}C$, 1.8%. The standard deviation of temperature and humidity between measuring points in the greenhouse with fans was lower than the greenhouse without fans. Total energy consumptions in a greenhouse without fans were 4,673 kWh. In the greenhouse with fans, the total energy consumptions were 4,009 kWh. The energy consumptions in a greenhouse with fans 14.2% were less than the greenhouse without fans. Therefore, air circulation makes temperature and humidity uniform and saves energy consumptions for heating.