Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of the Effect of Fog Cooling during Daytime and Heat Pump Cooling at Night on Greenhouse Environment and Planst in Summer

하절기 주간 포그 냉방과 야간 히트펌프 냉방이 온실 환경 및 작물에 미치는 영향 분석

  • Lee, Taeseok (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jingu (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Seokho (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Choungkeun (Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA)
  • 이태석 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소) ;
  • 김진구 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소) ;
  • 박석호 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소) ;
  • 이충근 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소)
  • Received : 2021.09.09
  • Accepted : 2021.10.09
  • Published : 2021.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of fog cooling during daytime and heatpump cooling at night in greenhouses in summer. During daytime, the average temp. and RH of the control greenhouse which had shading screen were 32.1℃ and 59.4%. and the average temp. and RH of the test greenhouse which had fog cooling were 30.0℃ and 74.3%. At this time, the average outside temp. and RH were 31.4℃ and 57.7%. So, the temp. of the control was 0.7℃ higher than outside temp., but the temp. of the test was 1.4℃ lower than outside and 2.1℃ lower than control. The average RH was 74.3% in the test and 59.4% in control. The average temp. and RH of the control greenhouse which had natural ventilation at night were 25.2℃ and 85.1%, and the average temp. and RH of the test greenhouse which had heat pump cooling were 23.4℃, 82.4%. The average outside temp. and RH at night were 24.4℃ and 88.2%. The temp. of the control was 0.8℃ higher than outside temp., but the temp. of the test was 1.0℃ lower than outside and 1.8℃ lower than control. The average RH was 82.4% in test and 85.1% in control greenhouse. There was no significant difference between the plants growth eight weeks after planting. But after the cooling treatment, the values of stem diameter, plant height, chlorophyll in test were higher than control. The total yield was 81.3kg in test, 73.8kg in control, so yield of test was 10.2% higher than control. As a result of economic analysis, 142,166 won in profits occurred in control greenhouse, but 28,727 won in losses occurred in test greenhouse, indicating that cooling treatment was less economical.

본 연구에서는 하절기 토마토 재배 시 주간 포그 냉방, 야간히트펌프 냉방을 처리를 하여 냉방 처리가 온실 내 온습도, 작물의 생육 및 수확량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 하절기 주간에 차광 처리한 대조구 온실의 평균 온습도는 32.1℃, 59.4%였고, 포그 처리한 시험구 온실의 평균 온도는 30.0℃, 74.3%로 나타났다. 이 때 외부의 평균 온습도는 31.4℃, 57.7%로 대조구 온실의 온도는 외기보다 0.7℃ 높았으나 시험구 온실의 온도는 외기보다 1.4℃, 대조구보다 2.1℃ 낮게 나타났다. 평균 습도는 시험구 온실 74.3%, 대조구 온실 59.4%로 포그 처리를 한 시험구에서 높게 나타났다. 야간 대조구 온실의 평균 온습도는 25.2℃, 85.1%였고, 히트펌프로 냉방을 한 시험구 온실의 평균 온습도는 23.4℃, 82.4%, 로 나타났다. 야간 외부의 평균 온습도는 24.4℃, 88.2%로 대조구 온실의 온도는 외기보다 0.8℃ 높았으나 시험구 온실의 온도는 외기보다 1.0℃, 대조구보다 1.8℃ 낮게 나타났다. 평균 습도는 시험구 온실 82.4%, 대조구 온실 85.1%로 나타나 시험구 온실의 습도가 더 낮게 나타났다. 작물 생육은 정식하고 8주 후에는 두 온실 간의 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나 냉방 처리 후에는 시험구 온실의 작물이 대조구에 비해 경경, 초장, SPAD 값이 높게 나타났다. 토마토의 수확량은 냉방을 시작하고 2주 후까지 총 생산량의 차이는 1.2%로 큰 차이 없었으나 3주 후와 4주 후의 일 생산량이 시험구에서 대조구보다 많게 나타났다. 최종적으로는 시험구의 수확량이 81.3kg, 대조구의 수확량이 73.8kg으로 시험구가 대조구에 비해 10.2% 많게 나타남으로써 하절기 주간 포그 냉방, 야간 히트펌프 냉방이 작물 성장에 적합한 환경을 조성해 줌으로써 생육 및 생산성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 냉방 처리에 따른 경제성을 비교해보면 대조구 온실에서는 142,166원의 수익이 있었던 반면 시험구 온실에서는 28,727원의 손해가 발생하여 냉방 처리는 경제성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 재식 밀도, 히트펌프 운용 시간 및 기간을 조절하여 에너지 사용은 줄이면서 생산성을 증가시킨다면 경제성도 확보할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2021년도 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ013603)의지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

References

  1. Abdel-Ghany A.M., and T. Kozai 2006, Dynamic modeling of the environment in naturally ventilated, fog-cooled greenhouse. Renew Energ 31:1521-1539. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2005.07.013
  2. Kim K.D., E.H. Lee, W.B. Kim, J.G. Lee, D.L. Yoo, Y.S. Kwon, J.N. Lee, S.W. Jang, and S.C. Hong 2011, Effects of several cooling methods and cool water hose bed culture on growth and microclimate in summer season cultivation of narrowhead goldenray (Ligularia stenocephaia). J Bio-Env Con 20:116-122. (in Korea)
  3. Kim M.K., G.S. Kim, and S.W. Nam 2001, Efficient application of greenhouse cooling system. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. pp 28-118. (in Korean)
  4. Korea Agro-Fisheries&Food Trade Corporation 2021, The average price of tomatoes. Available via https://www.kamis.or.kr/customer/price/wholesale/item.do
  5. Lee H.W., and Y.S. Kim 2011, Application of low pressure fogging system for commercial tomato greenhouse cooling. J Bio-Env Con 20:1-7. (in Korean)
  6. Lee S.Y., C.G. Lee, S.H. Euh, K.C. Oh, J.H. Oh, and D.H. Kim 2014, Dehumidification and temperature control for greehouse using Lithium Bromide solution and cooling coil. Protected Hort Plant Fac 23:337-341. (in Korean) doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2014.23.4.337
  7. Lim M.Y. H.J. Jeong, M.Y. Roh, G.L. Choi, S.H. Kim, and S.H. Choi 2021, Changes in greenhouse temperature and solar radiation by fogging and shading during hydroponics in summer season. J Bio-Env Con 30:230-236. (in Korean) doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2021.30.3.230
  8. Nam S.W. 2000, Actual utilization and thermal environment of greenhouses according to several cooling methods during summer season. J Bio-Env Con 9:1-10. (in Korean)
  9. Nam S.W., K.S. Kim, and G.A. Giacomelli 2005, Improvement of cooling efficiency in greenhouse for system using the dehumidifier. J Bio-Env Con 14:29-37. (in Korean)
  10. Park S.H., J.P. Moon, J.K. Kim, and S.H. Kim 2020, Development of fog cooling control system and cooling effect in greenhouse. Protected Hort Plant Fac 29:265-276. (in Korean) doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2020.29.3.265
  11. Rhee H.C., G.L. Choi, K.H. Yeo, M.W. Cho, and I.W. Cho 2015, Effect of fog-cooling on the growth and yield of hydroponic paprika in grown summer season. Protected Hort Plant Fac 24:258-263. (in Korean) doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2015.24.3.258
  12. Rural Development Administration (RDA) 2019, Agricultural technology guide 106. Rural Development Administration, Korea, pp 38-39.
  13. Sethi V.P., and S.K. Sharma 2007, Survey of cooling technologies for worldwide agricultural greenhouse applications. Sol Energy 81:1447-1459. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2007.03.004
  14. Won J.H., B.C. Jeong, J.K. Kim, and S.J. Jeon 2009, Selection of suitable cultivars for the hydroponics of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the alpine area in summer. J Bio-Env Con 18:425-430. (in Korean)
  15. Yu I.H., M.K. Kim, H.J. Kwon, and S.S. Kim 2002, Development of CFD model for estimation of cooling effect of fog cooling system in greenhouse. J Bio-Env Con 11:93-100. (in Korean)
  16. Yu I.H., Y.I. Nam, T.Y. Kim, M.Y. Roh, and M.W. Cho 2006, Effect of newly developed fan and mist evaporative cooling system on greenhouse cooling and growth of cucumber. J Bio-Env Con 15:91-97. (in Korean)